Abstract:
Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. Active catalyst particles of a platinum alloy are deposited onto each non-carbon composite support particle. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.
Abstract:
An electrode comprising a current collector, a conductive buffer layer composed of a conductive polymer formed on the current collector, and an active material layer formed on the conductive buffer layer. The conductive buffer layer can expand and contract between the non-lithiated and lithiated states.
Abstract:
A method of making a three dimensional electrode having an active material layered between a current collector and a separator includes growing nanotubes at predetermined points on a first sheet of electron directing material, wherein the electron directing material is highly conductive and chemically inert; aligning the nanotubes in a direction perpendicular to the first sheet; functionalizing a distal end of each nanotube; bonding a second sheet of electron directing material to the functionalized distal end of each nanotube; depositing magnetic particles along the second sheet; applying a magnetic field to the magnetic particles to rotate the first sheet, the second sheet and the nanotubes ninety degrees to form an electron directing structure; and attaching the electron directing structure on a surface of the current collector with a polymer binder. The electron directing structure is configured to direct electron flow along a layered direction of the three dimensional electrode.
Abstract:
A membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprises a proton exchange membrane having an anode side and a cathode side. An anode catalyst layer is on the anode side of the proton exchange membrane and a cathode catalyst layer is on the cathode side of the proton exchange membrane. Each of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer comprises a metal alloy. A gas diffusion layer is on each of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer opposite the proton exchange membrane. A sacrificial intercalating agent is between the proton exchange membrane and one of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer, the sacrificial intercalating agent having sulfonate sites that attract metal cations resulting from dissolution of the metal alloy prior to the metal cations reaching the proton exchange membrane.
Abstract:
Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.
Abstract:
A membrane electrode assembly includes a membrane, a first layer contacting the membrane and consisting essentially of catalyst particles comprising non-carbon metal oxide support particles and precious metal particles deposited on the non-carbon metal oxide support particles, a second layer of carbon particles on the first layer and a gas diffusion layer in contact with the second layer.
Abstract:
A composite electrocatalyst layer comprises catalyst particles having non-carbon metal oxide support particles and precious metal particles deposited on the non-carbon metal oxide support particles. Carbon particles are mixed with, but discreet from, the catalyst particles. The catalyst particles can be titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide support with platinum deposited on the support. Electrodes are produced using the composite electrocatalyst.
Abstract:
Electrocatalysts having non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles are provided as well as the method of making the electrocatalysts and the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particles. Embodiments of the non-corrosive, non-carbon support particle consists essentially of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide. The electrocatalyst can be used in fuel cells, for example.
Abstract:
Embodiments of electrode assemblies and fuel cells having increased catalyst durability are provided. One embodiment of an electrode assembly for a fuel cell comprises a first catalyst layer adjacent an electrolyte membrane comprising first active catalyst particles supported on first support particles having a first support size and a second catalyst layer adjacent the first catalyst layer opposite the electrolyte membrane comprising second active catalyst particles supported on second support particles having a second support size. The first support particles are a non-carbon support.
Abstract:
A method of operating a 3-D printer apparatus includes a tank structure with a bottom wall with a printing area defined above and spaced apart from the bottom wall. A gas permeable liquid within the tank overlays the bottom wall of the tank structure defining a first mobile layer below the printing area. An inhibition liquid within the tank overlays the gas permeable liquid defining a second mobile layer below the printing area. A polymerizable resin overlays the inhibition liquid and flows into the printing area. Positioning of an object carrier controlled such that a lower surface of the object carrier is initially located within the polymerizable resin and within the printing area. Operation of a resin curing device beneath the bottom wall provides light to the printing area polymerizing predetermined portions of the polymerizable resin forming an object attached to the lower surface of the object carrier.