公开(公告)号：US10723168B1

公开(公告)日：2020-07-28

申请号：US15880430

申请日：2018-01-25

申请人： Steven A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

发明人： Steven A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

IPC分类号： E04F21/26 ,  B43L13/20 ,  B43L13/00

摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide a stair layout template that reduces the opportunity for errors when constructing a set of stairs. Embodiments also provide a method for using the template to construct a set of stairs. The template indicates to the builder where a particular set of marks are to be made on the insides (the sides where the tread modules are attached) of both stringers. These marks include the cut marks for the bottom and top ends of the stringers and the “screw set points” that indicate where the tread modules will be attached to the stringers. The template is reversible, with the mirrored markings on both sides, so that the process for one stringer is the mirror image of the other stringer.

公开(公告)号：US08886001B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-11

申请号：US13311854

申请日：2011-12-06

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Edward Michael Dowd

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Edward Michael Dowd

IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  H01S3/067 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01K11/32 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/293 ,  G02B6/42 ,  H01S3/094

CPC分类号： H01S3/0675 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01D5/3538 ,  G01K11/32 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02052 ,  G02B6/03611 ,  G02B6/03627 ,  G02B6/03644 ,  G02B6/2817 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2826 ,  G02B6/29377 ,  G02B6/4214 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019 ,  Y10T29/49815 ,  Y10T29/49817

摘要： An optical sensor formed from an optical waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding and a large diameter generally D-shaped portion is disclosed. Axial or compressive strain across the D-shaped cross section may be determined by measuring the change in polarization or birefringence of the light output from the sensor. A layer responsive to a parameter may be disposed on a flat portion of the D-shaped portion of the sensor. The refractive index of the layer changes and/or the layer applies a strain on the sensor in response to the parameter. Changes in the refractive index of the layer alters the light output from the sensor, which is measured over time and correlated to the parameter.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种由光波导形成的光学传感器，该光波导具有由包层围绕的至少一个核心和大直径大致D形的部分。 可以通过测量从传感器输出的光的偏振或双折射的变化来确定穿过D形横截面的轴向或压缩应变。 响应于参数的层可以设置在传感器的D形部分的平坦部分上。 层的折射率改变和/或层响应于参数在传感器上施加应变。 层的折射率变化改变了传感器的光输出，其随时间测量并与参数相关。

公开(公告)号：US08286450B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-16

申请号：US11364122

申请日：2006-02-28

申请人： Edward M. Dowd ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Edward M. Dowd ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： C03B37/075

CPC分类号： C03B37/01217 ,  C03B2203/30 ,  C03B2203/302 ,  C03B2203/31

摘要： Methods to fabricate an optical preform for draw into Polarization Maintaining (PM) or Polarizing (PZ) optical fiber are provided. The methods involve assembly of pre-shaped and pieced together bulk glass elements into preforms (“assembled preforms”) for simultaneous fusing and drawing into optical fiber. These preforms form a stress-induced birefringent optical core when drawn to fiber.

摘要翻译： 提供制造光学预成型件以绘制偏光维持（PM）或偏光（PZ）光纤的方法。 这些方法包括将预成型和拼接在一起的大块玻璃元件组装成预成型件（组装的预制件），用于同时熔合和拉入光纤。 当拉伸到纤维时，这些预制件形成应力诱导的双折射光学芯。

公开(公告)号：US08244088B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-14

申请号：US13316069

申请日：2011-12-09

申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating may be impressed in the waveguide. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned. Also, the waveguide exhibits lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

公开(公告)号：US20080317420A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-25

申请号：US12199584

申请日：2008-08-27

申请人： MARTIN A. PUTNAM ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

发明人： MARTIN A. PUTNAM ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

IPC分类号： H01S3/30

CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating may be impressed in the waveguide. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned. Also, the waveguide exhibits lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层围绕的至少一个核的波导，所述核以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且具有所述波导的外波导尺寸大于约0.3mm。 至少一个布拉格光栅可以印在波导中。 波导可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导的长度减小而没有弯曲。 波导可以用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用。 此外，波导表现出从芯到包层的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅时使用更高的光功率而不损坏波导。 根据使用的应用和尺寸，波导可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型。

公开(公告)号：US06915048B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-05

申请号：US10173972

申请日：2002-06-17

申请人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

发明人： Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  James S. Sirkis

IPC分类号： G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/36

CPC分类号： G02B6/29317 ,  G02B6/29359

摘要： A Fabry-Perot optical device, including: a large-diameter elongated optical waveguide having a core and having an air gap region disposed along the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, and with the air gap region enclosed by end faces substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide, the waveguide also having a cavity delimited on at least one side by an endface of the air gap, wherein the endface is at least partially reflective. From another perspective, the invention provides an apparatus including: a force-applying assembly, responsive to a control signal containing information about a selected resonated wavelength or a selected filtered wavelength derived from an optical signal, for providing a force; and a Fabry-Perot optical structure, responsive to the force, and further responsive to the optical signal, for providing a Fabry-Perot optical structure signal either with the selected resonated wavelength or without the selected filtered wavelength.

摘要翻译： 一种法布里 - 珀罗光学装置，包括：具有芯的大直径细长光波导，并且具有沿着波导的纵向轴线布置的气隙区域，并且气隙区域被端面大致垂直于纵向轴线 所述波导还具有通过所述气隙的端面在至少一个侧面上限定的空腔，其中所述端面至少部分地具有反射性。 从另一观点来看，本发明提供了一种装置，包括：力施加组件，响应于包含关于所选择的共振波长的信息或从光信号导出的所选滤波波长的信息的控制信号，用于提供力; 和法布里 - 珀罗（Fabry-Perot）光学结构，响应于该力并进一步响应于光学信号，以提供具有所选择的谐振波长或没有所选滤波波长的法布里 - 珀罗光学结构信号。

公开(公告)号：US06456771B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

申请号：US09496718

申请日：2000-02-02

申请人： Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B602

CPC分类号： G02B6/02114 ,  G02B6/02123

摘要： A process for adapting a length of optical fiber with a pure silica core to enable imprinting a Bragg grating in the core without doping the core, the process using an optical fiber having some fluorine in its cladding, and besides the process, a pure silica core optical fiber having a Bragg grating. The process causes fluorine to diffuse from the cladding into the core for a selected length, and then by one of several alternative methods, creates defects in the core within the length. The alternatives include heating and reducing or oxidizing the length; performing flame brushing; or irradiating the length using ionizing radiation, such as gamma radiation. Next, the process uses hydrogenation to load the core with hydrogen, and then exposes the length to a pattern of UV light as is normally done in imprinting a Bragg grating. Finally, the process heats the length, causing hydrogen fluoride to form in the regions exposed to appreciable UV light. Since the hydrogen fluoride is volatile, it boils out of the optical fiber while the optical fiber is being heated. What remains is a length having a variation in concentration of fluorine, which is an index lowering agent, according to the pattern of UV light to which the length was exposed, or, in other words, a chemical (Bragg) grating.

摘要翻译： 一种使用一种纯二氧化硅核心使光纤长度适应的方法，可以在芯体中印制布拉格光栅，而不会对其进行掺杂，该工艺使用在其包层中具有一些氟的光纤，此外，该纯硅石芯 具有布拉格光栅的光纤。 该过程使氟从包层扩散到芯中一段选定的长度，然后通过几种替代方法中的一种，在芯长度内产生缺陷。 替代方案包括加热和减少或氧化长度; 执行火焰刷涂; 或使用电离辐射（例如γ辐射）照射长度。 接下来，该方法使用氢化来氢化核，然后将长度暴露于UV光图案，如通常在印刷布拉格光栅中所做的那样。 最后，该方法加热长度，在暴露于可见紫外光的区域内形成氟化氢。 由于氟化氢是挥发性的，所以当光纤被加热时，其从光纤中沸腾出来。 剩下的是根据长度暴露的紫外线的图案，或换句话说，化学（布拉格）光栅，具有作为指标降低剂的氟浓度变化的长度。

公开(公告)号：US06229827B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US09456112

申请日：1999-12-06

申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： H01S310

CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02F1/0128 ,  G02F2201/307

摘要： A compression-tuned bragg grating includes a tunable optical element 20,600 which includes either an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The tunable element 20,600 is axially compressed which causes a shift in the reflection wavelength of the grating 12 without buckling the element. The shape of the element may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber 10 or core 612 may be used. At least a portion of the element may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, to form a compression-tuned laser or the grating 12 orgratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB laser. Also, the element 20 may have an inner tapered region 22 or tapered (or fluted) sections 27. The compression may be done by a PZT, stepper motor or other actuator or fluid pressure.

摘要翻译： 压缩调谐布拉格光栅包括可调谐光学元件20,600，其包括光纤10，其具有印刷在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20或大直径波导光栅600的至少一部分中 具有核心和广泛的包层。 光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 可调谐元件20,600被轴向压缩，这导致光栅12的反射波长的偏移而不使元件弯曲。 元件的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤10或核612。 元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，以形成压缩调谐的激光器，或者光栅12或格栅化器150,152可被构造为可调DFB激光器。 此外，元件20可以具有内锥形区域22或锥形（或凹槽）部分27.压缩可以由PZT，步进电动机或其他致动器或流体压力来实现。

公开(公告)号：US08712202B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-29

申请号：US12892752

申请日：2010-09-28

申请人： Paul E. Sanders ,  Edward M. Dowd ,  Brian J. Pike

发明人： Paul E. Sanders ,  Edward M. Dowd ,  Brian J. Pike

IPC分类号： G02B6/04

CPC分类号： G02B6/03605 ,  C03B37/01853 ,  C03B2201/02 ,  C03B2201/12 ,  C03B2201/20 ,  G02B6/03627 ,  Y02P40/57

摘要： Methods and apparatus relate to optical fibers suitable for use in sensing applications exposed to radiation environments. The fibers include a core of pure silica or chlorine doped silica surrounded by a fluorinated silica cladding. These glasses for the core and cladding utilize dopants that resist radiation-induced attenuation. A two step process for forming the cladding can achieve necessary concentrations of the fluorine by performing a soot deposition process in a different environment from a consolidation process where the soot is sintered into a glass. Concentration of fluorine doped into the cladding layer enables obtaining a numerical aperture that confines a mono-mode of the fiber to resist bend-induced attenuation. Dimensions of the fiber further facilitate bending ability of the fiber.

摘要翻译： 方法和装置涉及适用于感测暴露于辐射环境的应用的光纤。 纤维包括由氟化石英包层包围的纯二氧化硅核心或掺杂氯的二氧化硅。 用于芯和包层的这些玻璃利用了抵抗辐射诱导衰减的掺杂剂。 用于形成包层的两步法可以通过在将烟灰烧结成玻璃的固结方法的不同环境中进行烟灰沉积工艺来实现必需的氟浓度。 掺入包层的氟的浓度使得能够获得限制纤维的单模以抵抗弯曲诱导的衰减的数值孔径。 纤维尺寸进一步提高了纤维的弯曲能力。

公开(公告)号：US08689587B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-08

申请号：US13612152

申请日：2012-09-12

申请人： Edward M. Dowd ,  Paul E. Sanders

发明人： Edward M. Dowd ,  Paul E. Sanders

IPC分类号： C03B37/012

CPC分类号： C03B37/01217 ,  C03B2203/30 ,  C03B2203/302 ,  C03B2203/31

摘要： Methods to fabricate an optical preform for draw into Polarization Maintaining (PM) or Polarizing (PZ) optical fiber are provided. The methods involve assembly of pre-shaped and pieced together bulk glass elements into preforms (“assembled preforms”) for simultaneous fusing and drawing into optical fiber. These preforms form a stress-induced birefringent optical core when drawn to fiber.

摘要翻译： 提供制造光学预成型件以绘制偏光维持（PM）或偏光（PZ）光纤的方法。 这些方法包括将预成型和拼接在一起的大块玻璃元件组装成预成型件（“组装的预制件”），用于同时熔合并拉入光纤。 当拉伸到纤维时，这些预制件形成应力诱导的双折射光学芯。