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    Stair layout template and method for using the template
    1.
    发明授权
    Stair layout template and method for using the template 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10723168B1

    公开(公告)日：2020-07-28

    申请号：US15880430

    申请日：2018-01-25

    申请人： Steven A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

    发明人： Steven A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

    IPC分类号： E04F21/26 ,  B43L13/20 ,  B43L13/00

    摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide a stair layout template that reduces the opportunity for errors when constructing a set of stairs. Embodiments also provide a method for using the template to construct a set of stairs. The template indicates to the builder where a particular set of marks are to be made on the insides (the sides where the tread modules are attached) of both stringers. These marks include the cut marks for the bottom and top ends of the stringers and the “screw set points” that indicate where the tread modules will be attached to the stringers. The template is reversible, with the mirrored markings on both sides, so that the process for one stringer is the mirror image of the other stringer.

    Methods of constructing stair unit
    2.
    发明授权
    Methods of constructing stair unit 有权
    建立楼梯单位的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08307603B1

    公开(公告)日：2012-11-13

    申请号：US12780128

    申请日：2010-05-14

    申请人： Steve A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Richard M. Vose ,  William K. Henthorn ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

    发明人： Steve A. Mitchell ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Richard M. Vose ,  William K. Henthorn ,  Jonathan D. Mitchell

    IPC分类号： E04B1/00

    CPC分类号： E04F11/025 ,  E04F21/26

    摘要： Methods and tooling for constructing a stair unit are provided. The methods incorporate tooling and tables to create templates (two for each tread) that, when laid along a series of hypotenuse marks on the stringer from the table, will dictate the geometry, cutting, and fitting to the treads, without using a framing square. Brackets are used to conjoin the stringer, tread material, and tread framing so that the tread width is not limited by the lack of strength of the tread material. The methods then incorporate the bracket in a tread module to provide further convenience and sequencing options for the assembly of the stair unit. An alternate method combines aspects of the template and the bracket to hold continuous support for the tread, accomplishing a cut stringer look. The result is less time and material expense with better strength, fit and finish.

    摘要翻译： 提供了构建楼梯单元的方法和工具。 该方法包括工具和表格，用于创建模板（每个胎面两个），当沿桌子上的纵梁上的一系列斜边标记放置时，将决定几何形状，切割和贴合胎面，而不使用框架方框 。 支架用于结合桁条，胎面材料和胎面框架，使得胎面宽度不受胎面材料缺乏强度的限制。 然后，该方法将支架并入胎面模块中，以为楼梯单元的组装提供进一步的便利和排序选项。 另一种方法结合了模板和支架的各个方面，以持续持续支撑踏板，实现切割纵梁外观。 结果是更少的时间和材料费用，更好的强度，适合和完成。

    Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser
    5.
    发明授权
    Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser 有权
    大直径光波导，光栅和激光

    公开(公告)号：US06982996B1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-03

    申请号：US09455868

    申请日：1999-12-06

    申请人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    发明人： Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Alan D. Kersey

    IPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  G02B6/16

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/02042 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754

    摘要： A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide 10 having at least one core 12 surrounded by a cladding 14, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension d2 of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3 mm. At least one Bragg grating 16 may be impressed in the waveguide 10. The waveguide 10 may be axially compressed which causes the length L of the waveguide 10 to decrease without buckling. The waveguide 10 may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned, e.g., compression-tuned fiber gratings and lasers or other applications. Also, the waveguide 10 exhibits lower mode coupling from the core 12 to the cladding 14 and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings 16 without damaging the waveguide 10. The shape of the waveguide 10 may have other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one core may be used. The core and/or cladding 12,14 may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core 12 may be doped between a pair of gratings 50,52 to form a fiber laser or the grating 16 or may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser within the waveguide 10. The waveguide may resemble a short “block” or a longer “cane” type, depending on the application and dimensions used.

    摘要翻译： 大直径光波导，光栅和激光器包括具有由包层14围绕的至少一个芯12的波导10，芯以基本上几个横向空间模式传播光; 并且所述波导的外波导尺寸d 2大于约0.3mm。 可以在波导10中施加至少一个布拉格光栅16.波导10可以被轴向压缩，这导致波导10的长度L在没有弯曲的情况下减小。 波导管10可用于波导需要被压缩调谐的任何应用，例如压缩调谐的光纤光栅和激光器或其它应用。 此外，波导10表现出从芯12到包层14的较低模式耦合，并且允许在写入光栅16时使用更高的光功率，而不损坏波导10.波导10的形状可具有其他几何形状（例如， “狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的核心。 芯和/或包层12,14可掺杂稀土掺杂剂和/或可以是光敏的。 芯12的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅50,52之间以形成光纤激光器或光栅16，或者可以被构造为波导10内的可调DFB光纤激光器或交互光纤激光器。波导 可能类似于短的“块”或更长的“手杖”类型，具体取决于所使用的应用和尺寸。

    Bragg grating pressure sensor for industrial sensing applications
    6.
    发明授权
    Bragg grating pressure sensor for industrial sensing applications 有权
    用于工业传感应用的布拉格光栅压力传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06776045B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-08-17

    申请号：US10007735

    申请日：2001-11-08

    申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  James R. Dunphy ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G01L900

    CPC分类号： G01L11/025

    摘要： A fiber grating pressure sensor for use in an industrial process includes an optical sensing element 20,600 which includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 and/or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding and which has an outer transverse dimension of at least 0.3 mm. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected from the grating 12 at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The sensing element 20,600 may be used by itself as a sensor or located within a housing 48,60,90,270,300. When external pressure P increases, the grating 12 is compressed and the reflection wavelength &lgr;1 changes. The shape of the sensing element 20,600 may have other geometries, e.g., a “dogbone” shape, so as to enhance the sensitivity of shift in &lgr;1 due to applied external pressure and may be fused to an outer shell 50. A temperature grating 270 may be used to measure temperature and allow for a temperature-corrected pressure measurement. The sensor may be suspended within an outer housing 112, by a fluid, spacers, or other means. The sensor may also be combined with an instrument, an opto-electronic converter and a controller in an industrial process control system.

    摘要翻译： 用于工业过程的光纤光栅压力传感器包括光学传感元件20,600，光学传感元件20,600包括光纤10，该光纤10具有印刷在其中的布拉格光栅12，该布置光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20的至少一部分内并与其融合，和/或 具有芯和宽包层并且具有至少0.3mm的外横向尺寸的大直径波导光栅600。 光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长λ1从光栅12反射。 感测元件20,600可以自身用作传感器或位于壳体48,60,270,300内。 当外部压力P增加时，光栅12被压缩，反射波长λ1变化。 感测元件20,600的形状可以具有其他几何形状，例如“狗骨”形状，以便增强由于施加的外部压力而导致的λ1偏移的灵敏度，并且可以将其熔合到外壳50.温度光栅270可以 用于测量温度并允许进行温度校正的压力测量。 传感器可以通过流体，间隔件或其他装置悬挂在外壳体112内。 传感器还可以与工业过程控制系统中的仪器，光电转换器和控制器组合。

    Tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable bragg grating
    8.
    发明授权
    Tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable bragg grating 有权
    结合可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器

    公开(公告)号：US06470036B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-10-22

    申请号：US09705326

    申请日：2000-11-03

    申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    IPC分类号： H01S310

    CPC分类号： H01S5/141 ,  H01S3/1053 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/02248

    摘要： A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser incorporating a tunable Bragg grating, including: a semiconductor gain medium; an elongated tuner housing having a tuner housing head and having a tuner housing foot, the tuner housing head and tuner housing foot being rigidly connected; a span of waveguide having a Bragg grating, for receiving the source light and for providing in turn the reflected light, and having a waveguide head and a waveguide foot, the waveguide head abutting the tuner housing head and the waveguide foot disposed toward the tuner housing foot; a piezoelectric crystal or other device or arrangement for providing a compressive force, disposed so as to abut the waveguide foot and also to abut the tuner housing foot, the means for applying a compressive force for exerting a compressive force on the span of waveguide along the direction of the axis of the span of waveguide, the compressive force being sufficient to alter the grating so as to affect the wavelength of light reflected by the grating. In some applications, the waveguide includes sections of different thicknesses, each having a sampled grating, the two sampled gratings being created so that at any given compressive force exerted by the piezoelectric crystal, the two gratings reflect at most one wavelength in common. The tunable laser in such an application therefore behaves as a stepped tunable laser.

    摘要翻译： 一种包含可调谐布拉格光栅的可调谐外腔半导体激光器，包括：半导体增益介质; 具有调谐器壳体头部并且具有调谐器壳体脚的细长调谐器壳体，调谐器壳体头部和调谐器壳体脚刚性连接; 具有布拉格光栅的波导的跨距，用于接收源光并反过来提供反射光，并具有波导头和波导脚，波导头邻近调谐器壳体头部和朝向调谐器壳体设置的波导脚 脚丫子; 用于提供压缩力的压电晶体或其它装置或装置，其设置成邻接波导脚并且还抵靠调谐器壳体脚，用于施加压缩力以在波导跨度上施加压缩力的装置沿着 波导跨距的方向，压缩力足以改变光栅，以便影响由光栅反射的光的波长。 在一些应用中，波导包括不同厚度的部分，每个具有采样的光栅，两个采样的光栅被创建，使得在由压电晶体施加的任何给定的压缩力下，两个光栅共同反射至多一个波长。 因此，在这种应用中的可调谐激光器作为阶梯式可调谐激光器。

    Optical fiber having a bragg grating formed in its cladding
    9.
    发明授权
    Optical fiber having a bragg grating formed in its cladding 有权
    具有在其包层中形成的布拉格光栅的光纤

    公开(公告)号：US06321007B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-11-20

    申请号：US09448733

    申请日：1999-11-24

    申请人： Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02B6/02119 ,  G02B6/021 ,  G02B6/03627 ,  G02B6/03694

    摘要： A single mode optical fiber, having a pure silica core and a cladding, and having a Bragg grating in along a length of some of the cladding, providing reflectivity in some of the cladding but not in the core, and a method for making same. Because the core is pure silica, it is unaffected by exposure to ultraviolet light, and so the process of imprinting a Bragg grating does not affect the refractive index of the core. The portion of the cladding in which the Bragg grating is to be imprinted is a glass containing an index-lowering dopant, such as fluorine, as well as a photosensitizing dopant, such as germanium. Exposure to ultraviolet light therefore forms a Bragg grating in a portion of the cladding, but not in the core, providing reflectivity in the cladding, but not in the core. A second portion of cladding can also be provided, surrounding the portion doped with the photosensitizing dopant. The second portion of cladding is an outer cladding, surrounding the doped portion, which abuts the core.

    摘要翻译： 具有纯二氧化硅芯和包层的单模光纤，并且沿着一些包层的长度具有布拉格光栅，在一些包层中提供反射率，而不在芯中提供反射率及其制造方法。 因为核心是纯二氧化硅，所以它不受紫外线的影响，因此印刷布拉格光栅的过程不影响芯的折射率。 需要印刷布拉格光栅的包层的部分是含有诸如氟的折射率降低掺杂剂的玻璃，以及诸如锗的光敏掺杂剂。 因此，紫外光的曝光在包层的一部分中形成布拉格光栅，但不在芯中，在包层中提供反射率，而不在芯中。 还可以提供包层的第二部分，围绕掺杂有光敏掺杂剂的部分。 包层的第二部分是外包层，其围绕与核心邻接的掺杂部分。