公开(公告)号：US06256423B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-03

申请号：US09212025

申请日：1998-12-15

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

IPC分类号： G06K936

CPC分类号： H04N19/198 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/154 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/196 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/60

摘要： An image is divided into one or more (e.g., foreground) regions of interest with transition regions defined between each region of interest and the relatively least-important (e.g., background) region. Each region is encoded using a single selected quantization level, where quantizer values can differ between different regions. In general, in order to optimize video quality while still meeting target bit allocations, the quantizer assigned to a region of interest is preferably lower than the quantizer assigned to the corresponding transition region, which is itself preferably lower than the quantizer assigned to the background region. The present invention can be implemented iteratively to adjust the quantizer values as needed to meet the frame's specified bit target. The present invention can also be implemented using a non-iterative scheme that can be more easily implemented in real time. The present invention enables a video compression algorithm to meet a frame-level bit target, while ensuring spatial and temporal smoothness in frame quality, thus resulting in improved visual perception during playback.

摘要翻译： 图像被划分为感兴趣的一个或多个（例如，前景）区域，其中在每个感兴趣区域和相对最不重要的（例如，背景）区域之间定义过渡区域。 使用单个选择的量化级别对每个区域进行编码，其中量化器值在不同区域之间可以不同。 通常，为了在仍然满足目标比特分配的情况下优化视频质量，分配给感兴趣区域的量化器优选地低于分配给相应过渡区域的量化器，其本身优选地低于分配给背景区域的量化器 。 可以迭代地实现本发明以根据需要调整量化器值以满足帧的指定比特目标。 本发明也可以使用可以更容易实时实现的非迭代方案来实现。 本发明使得视频压缩算法能够在确保帧质量的空间和时间平滑性的同时满足帧级比特目标，从而导致在回放期间改善的视觉感知。

公开(公告)号：US6141380A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US196821

申请日：1998-11-20

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

IPC分类号： H04N5/92 ,  G06T9/00 ,  H04N7/15 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N19/00 ,  H04N19/895 ,  H04N21/4402 ,  H04N7/50

CPC分类号： H04N19/69 ,  H04N19/107 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/154 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/196 ,  H04N19/198 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/66 ,  H04N19/68 ,  H04N19/895

摘要： The algorithm assumes a constant bit rate over a timing window of specified duration (e.g., a specified number of consecutive frames), where the current frame to be encoded lies in the interior of the timing window. A target bit rate for the current frame is initially selected by calculating the number of bits already used to encode other frames within the window and then assuming that the remaining available bits allocated to the timing window will be evenly distributed to the remaining unencoded frames in the timing window. The target bit rate may then be optionally adjusted based on scene content, encoder state, and buffer considerations. Through a combination of target bit allocation and frame skipping, spatial and temporal resolutions are maintained within acceptable ranges while meeting buffer delay constraints. The algorithm has also been extended to include PB frames in addition to P-only coders.

摘要翻译： 该算法假设在指定持续时间的定时窗口（例如，指定数量的连续帧）上的恒定比特率，其中当前被编码的帧位于定时窗口的内部。 最初通过计算已经用于编码窗口内的其他帧的比特数来选择当前帧的目标比特率，然后假设分配给定时窗口的剩余可用比特将被均匀地分配给剩余的未编码帧 定时窗口 然后可以基于场景内容，编码器状态和缓冲器考虑来可选地调整目标比特率。 通过目标比特分配和跳帧的组合，空间和时间分辨率保持在可接受的范围内，同时满足缓冲器延迟约束。 除了仅P编码器之外，该算法还被扩展到包括PB帧。

公开(公告)号：US06539124B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-25

申请号：US09376733

申请日：1999-08-17

申请人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

发明人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

IPC分类号： G06K936

CPC分类号： H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/147 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/50 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/61

摘要： For video compression processing, each frame in a video sequence is segmented into one or more different regions, where the macroblocks of each region are to be encoded using the same quantizer value, but the quantizer value can vary between regions in a frame. For example, for the videophone or video-conferencing paradigm of one or more “talking heads” in front of a relatively static background, each frame is segmented into a foreground region corresponding to the talking head, a background region corresponding to the static background, and an intervening transition region. An encoding complexity measure is generated for each macroblock of the previous frame using a (e.g., first-order) rate distortion model and the resulting macroblock-level encoding complexities are used to generate an average encoding complexity for each region. These region complexities are then used to select quantizer values for each region in the current frame, e.g., iteratively until the target bit rate for the frame is satisfied to within a specified tolerance range. The selected quantizer values may be modified based on spatial and/or temporal constraints to satisfy spatial requirements of the video compression algorithm and/or to provide temporal smoothness in quality, respectively.

摘要翻译： 对于视频压缩处理，视频序列中的每个帧被分割成一个或多个不同区域，其中每个区域的宏块将使用相同的量化器值进行编码，但是量化器值可以在帧中的区域之间变化。 例如，对于在相对静止的背景之前的一个或多个“通话头”的可视电话或视频会议范例，每个帧被分割成对应于通话头的前景区域，对应于静态背景的背景区域， 和一个中间的过渡地区。 使用（例如，一阶）速率失真模型为先前帧的每个宏块生成编码复杂度测量，并且使用所得到的宏块级编码复杂度来为每个区域生成平均编码复杂度。 然后，这些区域复杂度用于为当前帧中的每个区域选择量化器值，例如迭代地直到帧的目标比特率被满足到指定的公差范围内。 可以基于空间和/或时间约束来修改所选择的量化器值，以分别满足视频压缩算法的空间要求和/或提供质量上的时间平滑度。

公开(公告)号：US06526097B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09388653

申请日：1999-09-02

申请人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

发明人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

IPC分类号： H04N712

CPC分类号： H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/147 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/50 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/61

摘要： A variety of different types of video frame encoders can be configured with, e.g., a multimedia processing subsystem, as long as the video frame encoder conforms to the interface protocol of the subsystem. A video controller in the subsystem performs the higher-level functions of coordinating the encoding of the video stream, thereby allowing the video frame encoder to limit its processing to the lower, frame level. In particular, the video controller provides information needed by the video frame encoder to encode the current frame in the video sequence. In addition to the raw image data, this information includes the type of frame to be encoded (e.g., an I or P frame), the currently available bandwidth for encoding the current frame, the time since the previous encoded frame, the desired frame rate, and a quality measure that may be used to trade off spatial and temporal qualities. The video frame encoder either encodes the frame as requested or indicates to the video controller that the frame should be skipped or otherwise not encoded as requested. The video controller can then respond appropriately, e.g., by requesting the video frame encoder to encode the next frame in the video sequence.

摘要翻译： 只要视频帧编码器符合子系统的接口协议，各种不同类型的视频帧编码器可以配置有例如多媒体处理子系统。 子系统中的视频控制器执行协调视频流的编码的较高级别的功能，从而允许视频帧编码器将其处理限制在较低的帧级。 特别地，视频控制器提供视频帧编码器所需的信息以对视频序列中的当前帧进行编码。 除了原始图像数据之外，该信息还包括要编码的帧的类型（例如，I或P帧），用于编码当前帧的当前可用带宽，自先前编码帧以来的时间，期望帧速率 ，以及可用于权衡空间和时间特征的质量措施。 视频帧编码器可根据请求对帧进行编码，或向视频控制器指示该帧应被跳过或以其他方式不按要求进行编码。 视频控制器然后可以例如通过请求视频帧编码器对视频序列中的下一帧进行编码来适当地进行响应。

公开(公告)号：US06496607B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-17

申请号：US09295526

申请日：1999-04-21

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ya-Qin Zhang

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ya-Qin Zhang

IPC分类号： G06K936

CPC分类号： H04N19/85 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/156 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/186 ,  H04N19/46 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/55 ,  H04N19/593 ,  H04N19/61

摘要： Apparatus and method for classifying regions of an image, based on the relative “importance” of the various areas and to adaptively use the importance information to allocate processing resources and input image formation.

摘要翻译： 基于各个区域的相对“重要性”对图像区域进行分类的装置和方法，并且自适应地使用重要性信息来分配处理资源并输入图像形成。

公开(公告)号：US06275614B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US09295878

申请日：1999-04-21

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

IPC分类号： G06K900

CPC分类号： H04N19/85 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/156 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/186 ,  H04N19/21 ,  H04N19/46 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/55 ,  H04N19/593 ,  H04N19/61

摘要： Apparatus and method for classifying regions of an image, based on the relative “importance” of the various areas and to adaptively use the importance information to allocate processing resources, e.g., bit allocation in an encoding environment.

摘要翻译： 基于各个区域的相对“重要性”对图像的区域进行分类的装置和方法，并且自适应地使用重要性信息来分配处理资源，例如编码环境中的比特分配。

公开(公告)号：US6141382A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US182948

申请日：1998-10-30

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N19/895 ,  H04N7/36

CPC分类号： H04N19/69 ,  H04N19/107 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/154 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/196 ,  H04N19/198 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/66 ,  H04N19/68 ,  H04N19/895

摘要： After performing integer-pel motion estimation to select the best integer-pel location, half-pel (or other fractional-pel) motion estimation is performed by estimating the distortion values for all of the surrounding half-pel locations by linearly interpolating using the distortion value for the best integer-pel location and the distortion values available from the integer-pel motion estimation analysis corresponding to the surrounding integer-pel locations. A subset of those half-pel locations is then selected as candidate half-pel locations (e.g., based on lowest estimated distortion values) and true distortion values are then generated for those candidate locations. The best half-pel location is then selected based on the distortion values for the candidate half-pel locations and the best integer-pel location. This best half-pel location may then be used to perform the motion-compensated inter-frame differencing step of a video coding scheme.

摘要翻译： 在执行整数像素运动估计以选择最佳的整数像素位置之后，通过使用失真线性内插来估计所有周围半像素位置的失真值来执行半像素（或其他小数像素）运动估计 用于最佳整数像素位置的值和从对应于周围整数像素位置的整数像素运动估计分析可用的失真值。 然后将这些半像素位置的子集选择为候选半像素位置（例如，基于最低估计失真值），然后为那些候选位置生成真失真值。 然后基于候选半像素位置和最佳整数像素位置的失真值来选择最佳半像素位置。 然后可以使用该最佳半像素位置来执行视频编码方案的运动补偿帧间差分步骤。

公开(公告)号：US20110099155A1

公开(公告)日：2011-04-28

申请号：US12984284

申请日：2011-01-04

申请人： James Shau ,  Krishnan Meiyyappan ,  Hung Tran ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Kapil Surlaker ,  Jeremy Branscome ,  Joseph I. Chamdani

发明人： James Shau ,  Krishnan Meiyyappan ,  Hung Tran ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Kapil Surlaker ,  Jeremy Branscome ,  Joseph I. Chamdani

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30595

摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide for batch and incremental loading of data into a database. In the present invention, the loader infrastructure utilizes machine code database instructions and hardware acceleration to parallelize the load operations with the I/O operations. A large, hardware accelerator memory is used as staging cache for the load process. The load process also comprises an index profiling phase that enables balanced partitioning of the created indexes to allow for pipelined load. The online incremental loading process may also be performed while serving queries.

摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例提供数据批量和增量加载到数据库中。 在本发明中，装载机基础设施利用机器码数据库指令和硬件加速来将加载操作与I / O操作并行化。 大型的硬件加速器内存用作加载进程的分段缓存。 加载过程还包括一个索引分析阶段，可以对所创建的索引进行平衡分区，以允许流水线负载。 在提供查询时也可以执行在线增量加载过程。

公开(公告)号：US20090254516A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-08

申请号：US12099133

申请日：2008-04-07

申请人： Krishnan Meiyyappan ,  Liuxi Yang ,  Jeremy Branscome ,  Michael Corwin ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Kapil Surlaker ,  James Shau ,  Joseph I. Chamdani

发明人： Krishnan Meiyyappan ,  Liuxi Yang ,  Jeremy Branscome ,  Michael Corwin ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Kapil Surlaker ,  James Shau ,  Joseph I. Chamdani

IPC分类号： G06F7/06 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30442 ,  G06F17/30094 ,  G06F17/30315 ,  G06F17/30492 ,  G06F17/30504

摘要： Embodiments of the present invention provide hardware-friendly indexing of databases. In particular, forward and reverse indexing are utilized to allow for easy traversal of primary key to foreign key relationships. A novel structure known as a hit list also allows for easy scanning of various indexes in hardware. Group indexing is provided for flexible support of complex group key definition, such as for date range indexing and text indexing. A Replicated Reordered Column (RRC) may also be added to the group index to convert random I/O pattern into sequential I/O of only needed column elements.

摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例提供数据库的硬件友好索引。 特别地，正向和反向索引被用于允许轻松地遍历主键到外键关系。 被称为命中列表的新颖结构还允许在硬件中容易地扫描各种索引。 提供组索引，用于复杂组密钥定义的灵活支持，如日期范围索引和文本索引。 还可以将复制的重新排列（RRC）添加到组索引中以将随机I / O模式转换为仅需要的列元素的顺序I / O。

公开(公告)号：US20050278159A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US10868129

申请日：2004-06-15

申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy

发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy

IPC分类号： G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G06F17/5045

摘要： Systems, architectures, and data structures are described which are used to manage distributed design chains, specifically for domains in which data reside in multiple applications and are linked through complex interrelationships. The design chains or design networks integrated by the invention may include multiple companies in multiple sites collaborating to design and develop a new product. The invention is intended to integrate seamlessly and transparently with existing, diverse legacy applications, which include inter-linked data relevant to the design, thereby addressing the needs identified above.