公开(公告)号：US4830817A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-16

申请号：US113282

申请日：1987-08-04

申请人： Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： G21D7/04

CPC分类号： G21D7/04

摘要： A thermoelectric generator has a cylindrical high temperature reactor as a heat source. A carbon-fiber reinforced graphite lattice structure supports a multiplicity of thermoelectric units which surround and receive heat from the core of the reactor. The reactor core is composed of fuel rods made of graphite in which nuclear fuel particles are embedded. The central portion of the core contains reflector elements. Power regulation is provided by control rods that are insertable into the core in openings among the fuel rods.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE86 / 00496 Sec。 371日期1987年8月4日 102（e）日期1987年8月4日PCT提交1986年12月4日PCT公布。 公开号WO87 / 03733 日期：1987年6月18日。热电发生器具有圆柱形高温反应器作为热源。 碳纤维增强石墨晶格结构支持多个热电单元，其围绕并接收来自反应器芯的热量。 反应堆堆芯由埋入核燃料颗粒的石墨燃料棒组成。 芯的中心部分包​​含反射器元件。 功率调节由控制棒提供，该控制杆可插入到燃料棒之间的开口中的芯中。

公开(公告)号：US4013781A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-22

申请号：US488189

申请日：1974-07-12

申请人： Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/00 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B7/00 ,  C01B7/01 ,  C01B7/03 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C01B13/00

CPC分类号： C01B13/0207 ,  C01B3/00 ,  C01B3/068 ,  C01B7/01 ,  C01B7/03 ,  Y02E60/324 ,  Y02E60/36

摘要： Hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from water using a multi-step circulatory process using iron compounds and chlorine as adjuvants. Using three beds, respectively containing magnesium chloride, iron oxide and cuprous chloride, and by a four-step process involving passing steam through the magnesium bed, carbon monoxide through the iron bed, carbon dioxide through the copper bed, and steam through the iron bed one obtains hydrogen and oxygen as end products and is left with the starting materials in the respective beds. An efficiency of about 60% can be achieved by the process.

公开(公告)号：US3995012A

公开(公告)日：1976-11-30

申请号：US537386

申请日：1974-12-30

申请人： Heiko Barnert ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Heiko Barnert ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/10 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C01B17/50 ,  C01B13/00 ,  C01B1/02 ,  C01B1/05 ,  C01B1/08

CPC分类号： C01B13/0207 ,  C01B3/063 ,  C01B3/105 ,  Y02E60/36

摘要： A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen by splitting water in a thermocical cycle, according to which in a first method stage a gas mixture of from 1 to 50 parts by volume of steam and 2 parts by volume of sulfur dioxide is reacted at a temperature within the temperature range of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C with an oxide of one of the metals manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc or cadmium for forming a metal sulfate and for freeing hydrogen gas. Thereupon the hydrogen gas is in a manner known per se separated from the residual gas mixture and in a second method stage after conversion of the metal oxide to a metal sulfate, the metal sulfate for purposes of decomposition or disintegration and for forming a metal oxide, sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen gas, is heated to a temperature within the temperature range of from 700.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Thereupon the oxygen gas is separated from the sulfur dioxide gas in a manner known per se.

摘要翻译： 一种通过在热化学循环中分解水来产生氢和氧的方法，根据该方法，在第一方法阶段，将1至50体积份蒸汽和2体积份二氧化硫的气体混合物在 温度范围为200-400℃，与金属锰，铁，钴，镍，锌或镉之一的氧化物形成金属硫酸盐并释放氢气。 因此，氢气以本身已知的方式与残留气体混合物分离，并且在将金属氧化物转化为金属硫酸盐之后的第二方法阶段中，金属硫酸盐用于分解或分解和用于形成金属氧化物， 二氧化硫气体和氧气被加热至700℃至1000℃的温度范围内。然后以本身已知的方式将氧气与二氧化硫气体分离。

公开(公告)号：US3932599A

公开(公告)日：1976-01-13

申请号：US552828

申请日：1975-02-25

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Johannes Teggers ,  Roland Schulze Bentrop

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Johannes Teggers ,  Roland Schulze Bentrop

IPC分类号： C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/16 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C01B17/50 ,  C01B17/74 ,  C01B1/02 ,  C01B1/08

CPC分类号： C01B3/068 ,  C01B3/16 ,  Y02E60/36

摘要： A method of obtaining hydrogen from water in a multi-stage circulatory process avoids the need to use solid inorganic salts as auxiliary products by using only gases and liquids in the reaction stages. Carbon monoxide is reacted catalytically with steam producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen; the carbon dioxide is reacted with steam and sulphur dioxide to give sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide; the sulphuric acid is split into sulphur trioxide and steam; the sulphur trioxide is dissociated into oxygen and sulphur dixoide. The CO and SO.sub.2 are fed back into the process, and hydrogen and oxygen obtained as end products.

摘要翻译： 在多级循环过程中从水中获得氢的方法避免了在反应阶段仅使用气体和液体来使用固体无机盐作为辅助产物的需要。 一氧化碳与蒸汽产生二氧化碳和氢气催化反应; 二氧化碳与蒸汽和二氧化硫反应，得到硫酸和一氧化碳; 硫酸分成三氧化硫和蒸汽; 三氧化硫分解成氧和二氧化硫。 CO和SO2被反馈到该过程中，并且作为最终产物获得氢和氧。

公开(公告)号：US5028378A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-02

申请号：US314965

申请日：1989-02-24

申请人： Winfried Wachholz ,  Ulrich Weicht ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Winfried Wachholz ,  Ulrich Weicht ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： G21C9/02 ,  G21D3/04

CPC分类号： G21C9/02 ,  G21D3/04 ,  Y02E30/33

摘要： A safety system controlling extremely unlikely disturbances in high temperature reactors in addition to and independent of the normal reactor protection systems. Accident instrumentation located in the high temperature reactor monitors certain characteristic process parameters (hot gas temperature, cold gas temperature, cooling gas pressure), for values of which clearly exceed limiting values of the reactor pressure system. The measured data is evaluated electronically and power supply to the cooling gas blowers, feed water pumps and absorber rod holding devices is interrupted if predetermined limiting values are exceeded. The power supply interruption is further actuated by temperature and pressure sensitive devices located in the nuclear reactor. A manually operated emergency switch is provided to turn off the aforementioned sensibilities.

摘要翻译： 一个安全系统除了和独立于正常的反应堆保护系统之外，还控制高温反应堆极不可能的干扰。 位于高温反应堆中的事故检测仪器监测某些特定工艺参数（热气体温度，冷气体温度，冷却气体压力），其数值明显超过反应堆压力系统的极限值。 如果超过预定的极限值，则电子计算测量数据，并且冷却气体鼓风机，给水泵和吸收杆保持装置的电源中断。 电源中断由位于核反应堆中的温度和压力敏感设备进一步启动。 提供了一种手动操作的应急开关来关闭上述的灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US4713234A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-15

申请号：US750909

申请日：1985-07-01

申请人： Walter Weirich ,  Heiko Barnert ,  Michael Oertel ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Walter Weirich ,  Heiko Barnert ,  Michael Oertel ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/50 ,  C10J3/46 ,  H01M8/06 ,  C01B1/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/0643 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/501 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10K1/32 ,  C10K3/00 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/048 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  Y10S48/05

摘要： A process and apparatus for convertion of steam and hydrocarbon, or steam and coal, into a product gas which contains hydrogen. The conversion rate is augmented by effective extraction and removal of hydrogen as and when hydrogen is generated. Within a reaction vessel wherein the conversion takes place, a chamber for collection of hydrogen is formed by the provision of a hydrogen-permeable membrane. The chamber is provided with a hydrogen extraction means and houses a support structure, for example, in the form of a mesh providing structural support to the membrane. The membrane may be of a pleated or corrugated construction, so as to provide an enlarged surface for the membrane to facilitate hydrogen extraction. Also, to further facilitate hydrogen extraction, a hydrogen partial pressure differential is maintained across the membrane, such as, for example, by the counter pressure of an inert gas. A preferred configuration for the apparatus of the invention is a tubular construction which houses generally tubular hydrogen extraction chambers.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将蒸汽和烃或蒸汽和煤转化成含有氢的产物气体的方法和装置。 当产生氢气时，通过有效的萃取和去除氢来增加转化率。 在发生转化的反应容器内，通过提供透氢膜形成用于收集氢的室。 该室设置有氢气提取装置，并且容纳支撑结构，例如以网状形式提供对膜的结构支撑。 膜可以是褶皱或波纹结构，以便为膜提供扩大的表面以促进氢提取。 此外，为了进一步促进氢提取，跨膜的维持氢分压差，例如通过惰性气体的反压。 本发明的装置的优选结构是管状结构，其容纳通常管状的氢气提取室。

公开(公告)号：US4707342A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-17

申请号：US381346

申请日：1982-05-24

申请人： Nicolaos Iniotakis ,  Claus-Benedict von der Decken ,  Rudolf Hecker ,  Werner Frohling ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Nicolaos Iniotakis ,  Claus-Benedict von der Decken ,  Rudolf Hecker ,  Werner Frohling ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： C01B4/00 ,  G21C19/30 ,  G21C19/303 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/02 ,  C01B1/26

CPC分类号： G21C19/303 ,  G21F9/02

摘要： The invention relates to an apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/oreuterium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes.The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种从被氢气和/或氘和/或氚污染的惰性气体流中分离氢和/或氘和氚的装置，其中待纯化的惰性气体沿主要 一侧为氢同位素交换壁。 交换壁的二次侧向其施加与渗透氢同位素发生化学反应的试剂，即待分离出待纯化的惰性气体流中的氢同位素或氢同位素在反应中结合 可在不能透过交换壁的气流中运输的产品，并且其中沿着交换壁的次级侧进行传送离开反应产物的载气流。

公开(公告)号：US4673547A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-16

申请号：US707087

申请日：1985-03-01

申请人： Nicolaos Iniotakis ,  Claus-Benedict von der Decken ,  Rudolf Hecker ,  Werner Frohling ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Nicolaos Iniotakis ,  Claus-Benedict von der Decken ,  Rudolf Hecker ,  Werner Frohling ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： G21C19/303 ,  G21C19/02 ,  G21F9/02

CPC分类号： G21C19/303 ,  Y10S423/07

摘要： The invention relates to apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or terium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes. The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to be separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从被氢气和/或氘和/或氚污染的惰性气体流中分离氢和/或氘和氚的装置，其中要净化的惰性气体沿初级侧进行 的氢同位素交换壁。 交换壁的二次侧已经施加了与渗透氢同位素发生化学反应的试剂，即待分离出待被纯化的惰性气体流中的氢同位素或氢同位素结合在一个 反应产物可在不能渗透通过交换壁的气流中运输，并且其中沿着交换壁的次级侧进行传送出反应产物的载气流。

公开(公告)号：US4279697A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-21

申请号：US964937

申请日：1978-11-30

申请人： Theodor Overhoff ,  Rudolf Schulten ,  Jasbir Singh ,  Gerd Sylvester ,  Josef Witte

发明人： Theodor Overhoff ,  Rudolf Schulten ,  Jasbir Singh ,  Gerd Sylvester ,  Josef Witte

IPC分类号： G21C9/033 ,  G21C7/22 ,  G21C9/02 ,  G21C7/06

CPC分类号： G21C9/02 ,  G21C7/22 ,  Y02E30/33 ,  Y02E30/39

摘要： A gas-cooled nuclear reactor whose nuclear-fuel elements are constituted by graphite-encapsulated nuclear fuel particles and have graphite coatings is shut down in accordance with the present invention by introducing into the primary coolant gas circulation, a gadolinium-containing substance which is dispersed in the primary cooling gas before the latter enters the space between the fuel elements within the reactor core so that the gadolinium-containing substance is at least partly deposited on the free graphitic surfaces of the fuel elements.

摘要翻译： 一种气体冷却的核反应堆，其核燃料元件由石墨包封的核燃料颗粒构成并具有石墨涂层，根据本发明通过将主要的冷却剂气体循环引入分散的含钆物质来关闭 在第一冷却气体中，其在后者进入反应堆堆芯内的燃料元件之间的空间中，使得含钆物质至少部分地沉积在燃料元件的游离石墨表面上。