摘要:
A thickened ion exchange polymer dispersion is obtained by applying ultrasonic vibration or a shearing force to an ion exchange polymer dispersion having a fluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid groups as an ion exchange polymer uniformly dispersed in a dispersion medium so that the viscosity of the dispersion at 25° C. at a shear rate of 10 (1/s) increases 2-2000 times in a thickening step. When formed into a membrane, the dispersion can forms an ion exchange membrane having a uniform and small thickness, high strength, which is free from cracking and shows constant swelling in water and steam. Further, a layer formed by applying a coating solution containing this dispersion and a catalyst powder comprising catalyst metal particles and a carbon support loaded with the catalyst metal particles to a substrate can be used to prepare a membrane-electrode assembly as a catalyst layer for at least one of the cathode and the anode by providing the catalyst layer adjacently to an ion exchange membrane. Because the catalyst layer is highly strong, has few defects and is excellently smooth, a high-performance membrane-electrode assembly for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells can be obtained.
摘要:
An apparatus for producing deionized water, comprising an electrodialyzer having cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes alternately arranged to form demineralizing compartments and concentrating compartments and having ion exchangers accommodated in the demineralizing compartments, and designed to conduct an electric current while supplying water to be treated to the demineralizing compartments, wherein a spacer is arranged in each concentrating compartment to maintain the thickness of the concentrating compartment, and the cation exchange membranes or the anion exchange membranes are incorporated in their dry state in the electrodialyzer, whereby water is supplied to the electrodialyzer, while each ion exchange membrane is brought in contact with the spacer by a pressure from the demineralizing compartment side.
摘要:
A heterogeneous ion exchange membrane comprising an ion exchange resin and a binder polymer, wherein the binder polymer is a polymer containing at least a mixture comprising low density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber or ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
摘要:
A cation exchanger of polysulfone polymer consisting essentially of a sulfonated product of a polysulfone polymer having at least one chloromethyl (--CH.sub.2 Cl) or mercapto (--SH) group per molecule, or a cured product thereof, and having an ion exchange capacity of from 0.5 to 3.5 meq/g dry resin.
摘要:
A gene encoding an enzyme aqualysin I is disclosed. The gene of the present invention comprises a region encoding a signal peptide; a pro-region located downstream the signal peptide-encoding region; a region encoding aqualysin I, which is located downstream the pro-region; and a tail region of aqualysin I, which is located downstream the aqualysin I-encoding region. This invention also provides a recombinant vector comprising the gene, Escherichia coli transformed with the recombinant vector and a process of producing aqualysin I utilizing the Escherichia coli.
摘要:
To provide an electrolyte polymer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, made of a perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic groups, characterized in that in a test of immersing 0.1 g of the polymer in 50 g of a fenton reagent solution containing 3% of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and 200 ppm of bivalent iron ions at 40° C. for 16 hours, the amount of eluted fluorine ions detected in the solution is not more than 0.002% of the total amount of fluorine in the polymer immersed. The electrolyte polymer of the present invention has very few unstable terminal groups and has an excellent durability, and therefore, is suitable as a polymer constituting an electrolyte membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and a polymer contained in a catalyst layer.
摘要:
The present invention provides a membrane-electrode assembly for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having excellent dimensional stability and mechanical strength, and having high durability at the time of a power generation. Each of polymer electrolyte membranes (111, 211, 311) have a region 1 having proton conductivity over the entirety in the thickness direction of the membrane and a region 2 located at the outer peripheral portion of the region 1 and having a non-porous sheet disposed so that the region 2 has no proton conductivity over the entirety in the thickness direction of the membrane, and outer edges of the catalyst layers (127, 128) are disposed so as to be located in the area 2.
摘要:
A process cartridge mounting and demounting mechanism detachably mounts a process cartridge to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The mechanism includes an opening through which the process cartridge is mounted and demounted; an opening and closing member for opening and closing the opening; a cartridge mounting member for demountably mounting the process cartridge; and a mounting member holder for movably holding the cartridge mounting member in interrelation with an operation of the opening and closing member at a first position in which the process cartridge is detachably mountable with the opening and closing member being in an open state and at a second position in which the process cartridge is capable of operation for image formation with the opening and closing member being in a closing state.
摘要:
A developing device is detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, which has a developer carrying member, a developer regulating member, a conductive support member, and a driving gear. A first electrode member is provided at a driving side of the developer carrying member. A developing voltage is applied to the first electrode, and which electrically communicates with the conductive support member. A second electrode member electrically communicates between the conductive support member and a nondriving side of the developer carrying member.
摘要:
A developing device includes a rotatable developer carrying member for carrying a developer to develop an electrostatic image formed on an image bearing member with a developer; wherein the developer carrying member includes a first cylindrical portion and a second cylindrical portion provision data an end of the first cylindrical portion and supported by bearing portion; a first electroconductive portion extended from an outside of the second cylindrical portion into an inside and electrically connected to an electroconductive portion outside the developing device with a gap from an inner surface of the second cylindrical portion; a second electroconductive portion contacted to an inner surface of the first cylindrical portion and rotatable with the first cylindrical portion and slidable on the first electroconductive portion; wherein a developing bias is applied to a first cylindrical portion through the first and second electroconductive portion from the outside electroconductive portion of the developing device.