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    Process of making films, fibers or other shaped articles consisting of, or containing, polyhydroxy polymers
    12.
    发明授权
    Process of making films, fibers or other shaped articles consisting of, or containing, polyhydroxy polymers 失效
    制造由多羟基聚合物组成或含有多羟基聚合物的薄膜，纤维或其它成型制品的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4419316A

    公开(公告)日：1983-12-06

    申请号：US201806

    申请日：1980-10-29

    Applicant: Richard G. Schweiger

    Inventor： Richard G. Schweiger

    IPC: C07C203/00 ,  C07C203/04 ,  C08B5/00 ,  C08B5/02 ,  C08B5/14 ,  C08B31/06 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C08F8/30 ,  C08F8/36 ,  C08F8/42 ,  D01F11/02 ,  C08L1/16 ,  C08L5/00 ,  D01F11/04

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02 ,  C07C201/04 ,  C08B31/06 ,  C08B37/00 ,  C08B5/00 ,  C08B5/02 ,  C08B5/14 ,  C08F8/44

    Abstract: A process of preparing film, fibers and other shaped articles by nitrosating a polyhydroxy polymer in a reaction medium containing a solubilizing agent for the resulting polyhydroxy polymer nitrite ester and a suitable proton acceptor, bringing the reaction mixture into the desired shape and regenerating and separating the polyhydroxy polymer by contact with a protic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst. The polyhydroxy polymer may be a polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose or other polysaccharide, and mixtures thereof. Also dissolved in the reaction medium may be an organic solvent soluble polymer substantially lacking hydroxyl groups. If mixtures of polyhydroxy polymers or of polyhydroxy polymers lacking hydroxyl groups and organic solvent soluble polymers are employed the resulting films, fibers or other shaped articles consist of homogeneous and intimate mixtures of all the polymers originally present in solution. Solutions containing polyhydroxy polymer nitrite ester or a mixture of polyhydroxy polymer nitrite ester and organic solvent soluble polymer lacking hydroxyl groups in an anhydrous medium containing a highly polar aprotic solvent or a weak tertiary amine base or both are disclosed.

    Abstract translation: 通过在含有所得多羟基聚合物亚硝酸酯的增溶剂和合适的质子受体的反应介质中亚硝化多羟基聚合物来制备膜，纤维和其它成形制品的方法，使反应混合物成为所需形状，再生和分离 多羟基聚合物与质子溶剂在酸催化剂存在下接触。 多羟基聚合物可以是聚乙烯醇，纤维素或其它多糖，以及它们的混合物。 也溶解在反应介质中的可以是基本上不含羟基的有机溶剂可溶性聚合物。 如果使用多羟基聚合物或缺乏羟基和有机溶剂可溶性聚合物的多羟基聚合物的混合物，则所得到的膜，纤维或其它成型制品由溶液中最初存在的所有聚合物的均匀和紧密的混合物组成。 公开了含有多羟基聚合物亚硝酸酯或多羟基聚合物亚硝酸酯和在含有高极性非质子溶剂或弱叔胺碱的两者的无水介质中缺少羟基的有机溶剂可溶性聚合物的混合物的溶液。

    Recovery of nitrated compounds using solvent extraction and distillation
    13.
    发明授权
    Recovery of nitrated compounds using solvent extraction and distillation 失效
    使用溶剂萃取和蒸馏回收硝化物

    公开(公告)号：US4167521A

    公开(公告)日：1979-09-11

    申请号：US899261

    申请日：1978-04-24

    Applicant: Frank C. Fowler ,  Don H. Smith

    Inventor： Frank C. Fowler ,  Don H. Smith

    IPC: B01D3/10 ,  C07C77/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02 ,  C06B21/0091

    Abstract: A method for separating an aqueous solution which contains minor amounts of nitrated esters which are only slightly soluble in water is provided. Separation of the nitrated esters, which include ethylene glycol dinitrate and nitroglycerin, is effected by contacting the aqueous solution with an organic phase of ethylene glycol dinitrate for a period of time sufficient to allow extraction of the nitroglycerin in solution into the ethylene glycol dinitrate phase. The organic ethylene glycol dinitrate phase is then separated from the aqueous solution, and the latter is distilled at a temperature of from about 50 degrees F. to about 200 degrees F. at a lower than atmospheric pressure. Upon completion of the separation process water, which is substantially free of nitrated esters, is suitable for discharge and return to a natural environment.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种分离含有少量仅微溶于水的硝酸酯的水溶液的方法。 包括硝酸甘油二酯和硝酸甘油在内的硝化酯的分离是通过使水溶液与硝酸二乙酯的有机相接触足以使溶液中的硝酸甘油萃取到乙二醇二硝酸酯相中进行的。 然后将有机乙二醇二硝酸酯相从水溶液中分离出来，后者在低于大气压下在约50华氏度至约200度的温度下蒸馏。 完成分离后，基本上不含硝酸酯的水适于排放并返回到自然环境中。

    Manufacture of nitric esters
    14.
    发明授权
    Manufacture of nitric esters 失效
    硝酸盐的制造

    公开(公告)号：US4000179A

    公开(公告)日：1976-12-28

    申请号：US247440

    申请日：1962-12-18

    Applicant: Ronald Percy Ayerst

    Inventor： Ronald Percy Ayerst

    IPC: C07C201/02 ,  C07C77/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/04

    Abstract: 1. A process for the manufacture of a nitric ester by the nitration of an alcohol by a nitrating acid wherein the alcohol and the nitrating acid are reacted together in the presence of an inert highly halogenated hydrocarbon containing fluorine and which is a solvent for and has a boiling point which is between 0.degree. and 50.degree. C and which is below that of the nitric ester product whereby the temperature of the reaction mixture is limited to that of the boiling point of the solvent by evaporation of part of the solvent, separating out the solvent containing dissolved nitric ester from the reaction mixture, and evaporating the solvent to leave the nitric ester.

    Manufacture of oxalic acid
    16.
    发明授权
    Manufacture of oxalic acid 失效
    氧化酸的制造

    公开(公告)号：US3549696A

    公开(公告)日：1970-12-22

    申请号：US3549696D

    申请日：1967-05-23

    Applicant: RHONE POULENC SA

    Inventor： DUROUX JACQUES MARIUS ,  ELIE LOUIS MARIUS

    IPC: C07C51/27 ,  C07C67/39 ,  C07C203/04 ,  C07C51/32

    CPC classification number: C07C51/27 ,  C07C67/39 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C55/06 ,  C07C59/08 ,  C07C69/36 ,  C07C203/04

    Abstract: 1,159,066. Oxalic acid. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 25 May, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 24443/67. Heading C2C. Oxalic acid is prepared by oxidizing propylene, or an intermediate product (for example lactic acid or α-nitratolactic acid) containing two or three carbon atoms which can be formed by nitric acid and/or nitrogen peroxide oxidation of propylene, with nitric acid in the presence of, as catalyst, a compound of iron, aluminium, chromium, tin, bismuth, iodine, which is soluble in the reaction medium. The catalyst, which may be present in an amount from 0À01 to 10% and preferably from 0À1 to 2% by weight (expressed as metal or as iodine) based on the weight of the reaction mixture, is preferably a sulphate, nitrate, chloride or phosphate of iron, aluminium, chromium, tin or bismuth; ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, or chromium trioxide; an iodate; a chromate; or chromic acid. The catalysts may be used in processes wherein gaseous propylene is passed into an aqueous medium containing at least 50% by weight of nitric acid at 40-80‹ C. or by introducing the propylene into nitric acid and then heating the solution obtained and wherein the catalyst may be introduced at the beginning of the reaction or at the beginning of the conversion of the oxidation products, for example lactic acid or α-nitratolactic acid, preferably by dissolving the catalyst in the oxidizing agent. Oxalic acid is prepared by treating propylene with nitric acid containing chromium nitrate and subsequently passing oxygen through the reaction mixture and heating; by treating propylene with aqueous nitric acid containing nitrogen peroxide and subsequently heating with chromium nitrate, ferric nitrate, stannous chloride, aluminium nitrate, bismuth nitrate or potassium iodate; by treating α-nitratolactic acid with nitric acid containing chromic acid; and by reacting lactic acid with nitric acid containing chromic acid. Suitable apparatus for the reaction is described by reference to drawings (not shown). α-Nitrato-lactic acid is obtained by treating a mixture of oxygen and propylene with nitrogen peroxide at 0‹ C.

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