Abstract:
An active micro-force sensor is provided for use on a micromanipulation device. The active micro-force sensor includes a cantilever structure having an actuator layer of piezoelectric material and a sensing layer of piezoelectric material bonded together. When an external force is exerted on the sensor, the sensor deforms and an applied force signal is recorded by the sensing layer. The applied force signal is then fed back to the actuating layer of the sensor via a servoed transfer function or servo controller, so that a counteracting deformation can be generated by the bending moment from the servoed actuating layer to quickly balance the deformation caused by the external micro-force. Once balanced, the sensor beam comes back to straight status and the tip will remain in its equilibrium position, thus the sensor stiffness seems to be virtually improved so that the accurate motion control of the sensor tip can be reached, especially, at the same time, the micro-force can also be obtained by solving the counteracting balance voltage applied to the actuating layer.
Abstract:
A pen force gage for a pen plotter for determining whether the force of a pen positioned by a pen support onto the surface of a drawing media in the pen plotter falls within an acceptable range. The pen force gage includes structure for aligning or positioning the gage within the pen plotter so as to enable the gage to measure the force of the pen; a pivotable arm configured at one end to interact with the pen support as the pen moves toward the surface of the media and at the other end to support a movable weight to determine the force to be applied by the pen on the surface of the media; and an indicator and a reference mark for determining whether the force falls within the acceptable range.
Abstract:
Apparatus for testing internal pressure of a pressurized container having a ball partially extending outwardly from a ball seat includes a vise for holding the container in a fixed position and a force generating transducer arranged to provide a force proportional to the internal pressure for moving an end of a lever arm against the ball and statically holding the ball in a position substantially midway between first and second extremities of the ball seat.
Abstract:
A measuring funnel for determining the tension of slivers includes a stationary component having a funnel-shaped inlet opening and a movable component. The bore for the passage of the sliver continues in the movable component, and may have a section along which it continues to taper. The passage of sliver thereby exerts a force on the movable component in the direction of its travel. This force is compensated by pneumatic or electrical means, so that the movable component takes a balanced position for every sliver cross section. These balanced positions are then converted into corresponding signals by means of electrical or pneumatic sensors, which signals are either used for measuring the absolute sliver cross section or for regulating the sliver cross section to a set value.
Abstract:
A force-balance transmitter for producing a pressure signal proportional to the enthalpy of air has a flapper associated with a nozzle and employs a control force acting on the flapper in opposition to a feedback force applied to the flapper by the controlled fluid pressure acting over the area of the nozzle, the control force being produced by the combination of forces exerted on the flapper by two resilient beams subjected to individual bending moments responsive to sensed temperature and sensed humidity respectively.
Abstract:
A transducer comprising an electrical conductor located in the field of a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, whereby, by passing a current through the conductor, force will be caused to act between the conductor and the magnet, the transducer including a further electrical conductor connected in a circuit with the first-mentioned conductor so as to carry a current related to the current through the first-mentioned conductor and such as to tend to nullify the effect of that current to alter the field of the magnet linking the first-mentioned conductor. A transducer element is also claimed.
Abstract:
A zero-strain soil pressure sensor includes a shell provided with a hydraulic oil cavity and a cavity located below the hydraulic oil cavity, a processor, an outer elastic film arranged at the upper end of the hydraulic oil cavity, an inner elastic film arranged between the hydraulic oil cavity and the cavity, an outer strain bridge circuit connected with the outer elastic film, an inner strain bridge circuit connected with the inner elastic film, a piston communicated with the hydraulic oil cavity, and a driving mechanism connected with the piston. The outer strain bridge circuit, the inner strain bridge circuit and the driving mechanism are electrically connected with the processor. The invention has the beneficial effect that the piston is driven by the driving mechanism to control the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil cavity, external soil pressure is balanced through the oil pressure to keep the outer elastic film in an non-deforming state all the time, and only the inner elastic film is deformed, so that the soil arch effect and soil displacement are avoided, and thus the liquid pressure measured by the inner elastic film is the soil pressure, and the measurement result is more accurate.