公开(公告)号：US4703906A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-03

申请号：US621638

申请日：1984-06-18

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/04 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F02B75/02 ,  F03C1/24 ,  F04B1/20 ,  B64C27/08 ,  B64C27/52

CPC classification number: F04B1/2092 ,  B64C11/28 ,  B64C27/12 ,  B64C29/00 ,  B64C29/0016 ,  B64D31/14 ,  B64D35/00 ,  F03C1/2415 ,  F04B1/20 ,  B64C2700/6281 ,  F02B2075/025 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto - rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure. The speciality of the preferred embodiment of the invention is to provide an upper structure of an airborne craft with a plurality of propellers with substantially vertical axes to carry pivotable on the mentioned structure a body of the craft below the mentioned structure, while the body contains the cabine and the power plant as well as the fluid flow supply means, the upper structure is pivotable in a limited extend relative to the body and the fluid under pressure is transferred from the fluid flow supply means in the body to the upper structure and to the fluid motors which drive the propellers of the upper structure.

Abstract translation: 在车辆或设备中，使用流体马达来驱动旋转构件，例如轮子，螺旋桨，轨道。 马达设置有包括控制装置和可轴向移动的构件的装置。 通过利用控制装置，例如通过流体流动，可轴向移动的构件用于施加动作，这对于流体马达的通常操作是不常见的。 当驱动流体管线中没有压力时，该装置可用于阻止马达的转子旋转。 它也可用于控制具有可变节距排列的螺旋桨的桨距。 另外也可能的是，当驱动马达的流体管线中的压力下降到预定的最小压力以下时，可以使用该装置自动获得垂直起降车辆垂直轴上的转子叶片的自动旋转。 本发明的优选实施例的特征是提供一种具有多个螺旋桨的空中飞行器的上部结构，该螺旋桨具有基本上垂直的轴线，以便在所述结构上枢转地支撑在所述结构下方的船体，而主体包含 舱室和发电厂以及流体供应装置，上部结构可相对于主体在有限的延伸中枢转，并且压力下的流体从主体中的流体供应装置传递到上部结构， 驱动上部结构的螺旋桨的流体马达。

公开(公告)号：US4691622A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-08

申请号：US785319

申请日：1985-10-07

Applicant: Wilfried Sander ,  Gunder Essig ,  Erich Wacker

Inventor： Wilfried Sander ,  Gunder Essig ,  Erich Wacker

IPC: F02F3/02 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F16J1/04

CPC classification number: F02F3/022 ,  F02F3/027 ,  F16J1/02 ,  F16J1/08 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: In a light alloy piston each of the load-carrying skirt surfaces is divided by a depression into two load-carrying partial shaft surfaces.In order to reduce the friction losses and the consumption of lubricant the depth of the depression (8, 9) between the tapered portions of the curved generatrix (7) at the top and bottom ends of the skirt is approximately twice the peak-to-valley height of the machined surface of the skirt (1). The load-carrying partial skirt surfaces (10, 11, 12, 13) and the depression (8, 9) are at least as wide as the wear pattern area, and the axial extent of the depression (8, 9) is so selected that the depression will not protrude from the cylinder when the piston is at its lower dead center and in the cold engine the load-carrying partial skirt surfaces (10, 11, 12, 13) have between the upper limit of the depression and the lower limit of the tapered portion of the curved generatrix (7) at top end of the skirt an axially parallel portion in a height of 1.5 to 4.5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm.

Abstract translation: 在轻合金活塞中，每个载荷裙边表面被凹陷分成两个载荷部分轴表面。 为了减少摩擦损失和润滑剂的消耗，在裙部的顶端和底端处的弯曲母线（7）的锥形部分之间的凹陷（8,9）的深度大约是峰 - 裙部（1）的加工表面的谷高度。 负载部分裙部表面（10,11,12,13）和凹陷（8,9）至少与磨损图案区域一样宽，并且凹部（8,9）的轴向范围如此选择 当活塞处于其下死点时，凹陷不会从气缸突出，并且在冷发动机中，承载部分裙部表面（10,11,12,13）之间具有凹陷的上限和下部 在裙部顶端的弯曲母线（7）的锥形部分的极限为1.5至4.5mm，优选为1.5至2.5mm的高度的轴向平行部分。

公开(公告)号：US4685381A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-11

申请号：US778041

申请日：1985-09-20

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F04B1/20 ,  F01B13/06

CPC classification number: F04B1/20 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: In a pivot bar portion of a piston shoe in a radial piston device wherein the pivot portion is pivotably borne in a bed in the piston which extends normal to the longitudinal axis of the piston, recesses are provided parallel to the pivot axis whereby bearing lands are formed between the recesses. The bearing lands are tracting fluid out of the recesses along themselves and the bearing bed face of the piston, when the shoes pivot in the piston. A perfectly operational forced lubrication between the pivot portion and the piston is thereby assured which results in a long life and very high bearing capacity between the piston and the piston shoe.

Abstract translation: 在径向活塞装置中的活塞靴的枢转杆部分中，枢转部分可枢转地承载在活塞中的垂直于活塞的纵向轴线延伸的床中，凹部设置成平行于枢转轴线，由此轴承平台是 形成在凹部之间。 当鞋在活塞中枢转时，轴承平台将自身沿着自身的凹槽和活塞的轴承床面拖出流体。 从而确保枢轴部分和活塞之间的完美操作的强制润滑，这导致活塞和活塞鞋之间的长寿命和非常高的承载能力。

公开(公告)号：US4630528A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-23

申请号：US619958

申请日：1984-06-12

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F04B1/20 ,  F01B13/06 ,  B60T11/00 ,  F16D11/06

CPC classification number: F04B1/20 ,  B64C2700/6281 ,  F02F2200/04 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2201/046

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure. The specific detail of the present invention is to provide on the interior of the front portion of a fluid motor a wave-configuration with valleys and hills and to locate between the rotor and the wave configuration a partially complementary configurated plate which is subjected to a piston in the rotor while the piston in the rotor is subjected on one axial end to the force of a spring and on the other axial end to the pressure in the fluid in the motor whereby the mentioned plate arrests the rotor into the mentioned wave configuration when no pressure is in the fluid in the motor and disarrests the rotor when fluid under pressure acts in the rotor of the motor.

Abstract translation: 在车辆或设备中，使用流体马达来驱动旋转构件，例如轮子，螺旋桨，轨道。 马达设置有包括控制装置和可轴向移动的构件的装置。 通过利用控制装置，例如通过流体流动，可轴向移动的构件用于施加动作，这对于流体马达的通常操作是不常见的。 当驱动流体管线中没有压力时，该装置可用于阻止马达的转子旋转。 它也可用于控制具有可变节距排列的螺旋桨的桨距。 还有可能的是，当驱动马达的流体管线中的压力下降到预定的最小压力以下时，使用该装置可自动获得垂直起降车辆的垂直轴上的转子叶片的自动旋转。 本发明的具体细节是在流体马达的前部的内部提供具有谷和丘的波形，并且在转子和波形之间设置经受活塞的部分互补的构造板 在转子中，转子中的活塞在一个轴向端部受到弹簧的力的影响，而在另一个轴向端受到电动机中的流体中的压力的​​影响，由此上述的板将转子停止在上述的波形结构中，当没有 压力在电机中的流体中，当压力下的流体作用在电动机的转子中时，转子会使其转动。

公开(公告)号：US4618317A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-21

申请号：US556665

申请日：1983-11-30

Applicant: Michiyoshi Matsuzaki

Inventor： Michiyoshi Matsuzaki

IPC: C22C37/06 ,  C22C38/00 ,  C22C38/18 ,  C22C38/24 ,  C23C8/26 ,  F01C21/08 ,  F04C18/34 ,  F04C18/356 ,  F04C29/00 ,  F04C15/00

CPC classification number: F01C21/0809 ,  F01L2001/34436 ,  F04C2230/41 ,  F05B2230/41 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: A rotary-type fluid compressor is disclosed. The compressor includes a housing having a vane groove therein which is fitted with a vane. The vane is comprised of a specific soft nitrided hardened steel material which includes 0.50 to 1.30% carbon by weight, 11.0 to 20.0% chromium by weight, with the balance being Fe. The hardened steel material can be further improved by the inclusion of one or both of 0.1 to 1.50% Mo and/or 0.07 to 0.15% by weight of V. Specific characteristics relating to the mating member over which the vane slides are also disclosed. Due to the particular material utilized for producing the vane and the characteristics of the mating member over which the vane slides, improved results are obtained with respect to wear resistance.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种旋转式流体压缩机。 压缩机包括其中具有叶片槽的壳体，其中安装有叶片。 叶片由特定的软氮化硬化钢材料组成，其包含重量比为0.50至1.30％的碳，重量为11.0至20.0％的铬，余量为Fe。 可以通过包含0.1至1.50％Mo和/或0.07至0.15重量％V中的一个或两个来进一步改善硬化钢材料。还公开了与其上的叶片滑动的配合构件相关的特定特性。 由于用于制造叶片的特定材料和叶片滑动的配合构件的特性，相对于耐磨性获得了更好的结果。

公开(公告)号：US4614150A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-30

申请号：US703490

申请日：1985-02-20

Applicant: Herbert Deutschmann

Inventor： Herbert Deutschmann

IPC: F16J1/00 ,  F02B23/06 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F16J1/04

CPC classification number: F02B23/0696 ,  F02B23/0603 ,  F02F3/0023 ,  F02F3/22 ,  F02B23/0654 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y02T10/125

Abstract: A built-up piston in which the piston top (11) and piston bottom part (13) are clamped together by two necked-down bolts (15) by means of nuts (16). The nuts include an extension (21) having an external thread (22), by means of which they are screwed into the piston bottom part (13). An oil scraper ring (14) is arranged between piston top (11) and piston bottom part (13) so that leakage oil out of the cooling oil channel of the piston is conducted back into the crankcase by way of the oil discharge channels of the annular groove of the oil scraper ring.

Abstract translation: 其中活塞顶部（11）和活塞底部（13）通过螺母（16）由两个颈缩螺栓（15）夹紧在一起的积聚活塞。 螺母包括具有外螺纹（22）的延伸部（21），借助它们将螺纹拧入活塞底部部分（13）中。 在活塞顶部（11）和活塞底部（13）之间布置有一个刮油环（14），使得活塞冷却油通道内的漏油通过排出通道的排油通道返回到曲轴箱 刮油环环形槽。

公开(公告)号：US4535683A

公开(公告)日：1985-08-20

申请号：US536214

申请日：1983-09-27

Applicant: Ulf Dworak ,  Hans Olapinski ,  Dieter Fingerle ,  Ulrich Krohn

Inventor： Ulf Dworak ,  Hans Olapinski ,  Dieter Fingerle ,  Ulrich Krohn

IPC: F02F3/00 ,  F02F7/00 ,  F16J1/01 ,  F02F3/12

CPC classification number: F02F7/0087 ,  F02F3/0015 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2251/042

Abstract: A piston arrangement with a metal shaft, a piston head that is attached to it with a shrink ring, and a member made of partially stabilized zirconium ozide. The top which demarcates the combustion chamber, of the piston head, consists entirely of the member made of partially stabilized zirconium oxide. The bottom of the zirconium-oxide member is a truncated cone and the top of the shaft is a truncated cone. They are surrounded by an annular component that is split into two sections parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston. The annular ocmponent is secured with an outside shrink ring.

Abstract translation: 具有金属轴的活塞装置，用收缩环附接到活塞头的活塞头和由部分稳定的氧化锆制成的构件。 划分活塞头的燃烧室的顶部完全由部分稳定的氧化锆制成的构件组成。 氧化锆构件的底部是截头圆锥体，并且轴的顶部是截头锥体。 它们被环形部件包围，该环形部件被分成平行于活塞的纵向轴线的两个部分。 环形组件用外部收缩环固定。

公开(公告)号：US4530341A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-23

申请号：US516189

申请日：1983-07-22

Applicant: Bengt N. J. Palm

Inventor： Bengt N. J. Palm

IPC: F02B77/11 ,  F02F3/00 ,  F02B75/08

CPC classification number: F02F3/003 ,  F02B77/11 ,  F02B2275/14 ,  F02F2001/249 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  F05C2251/042

Abstract: Improved heat insulating of a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine is obtained by providing a heat-resistant body in at least one surface, which is intended to at least partly limit a combustion chamber. A support body supports the heat-resistant body, said bodies each having facing mantle surfaces. Between said bodies there is a heat-insulating element of a material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and a lower modulus of elasticity than the material in either one of said bodies. The bodies and the element are held together at the mantle surfaces by means of a shrink fit.

Abstract translation: 通过在至少一个表面中设置耐热体来获得内燃机中的燃烧室的改进的绝热，其旨在至少部分地限制燃烧室。 支撑体支撑耐热体，所述主体各自具有面罩的表面。 在所述主体之间，具有与所述主体中的任一个中的材料相比具有较低的热膨胀系数和较低的弹性模量的材料的绝热元件。 主体和元件通过收缩配合在地幔表面上保持在一起。

公开(公告)号：US4511612A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-16

申请号：US410059

申请日：1982-08-20

Applicant: Werner Huther ,  Axel Rossmann

Inventor： Werner Huther ,  Axel Rossmann

IPC: B22F7/08 ,  C23C28/00 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F02B77/11 ,  F16M1/00

CPC classification number: C23C28/00 ,  B22F7/08 ,  F02B77/11 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  F02B3/06 ,  F05C2201/021 ,  F05C2201/0448 ,  Y10T29/49984 ,  Y10T428/1314 ,  Y10T428/1317 ,  Y10T428/2918

Abstract: A multiple-layer wall is provided for a hollow body to sustain high thermal and mechanical loads and to afford adequate thermal insulation. The wall has, on the inside, a heat and/or wear resistant ceramic inner layer and, surrounding it, a preferably prestressed retaining layer of fiber reinforced plastic. An intermediate layer of a thermally insulating ceramic material can also be provided. The wall can also have a retaining layer of metal. At least the retaining layer is shrink-fitted. The retaining layer of metal and/or the intermediate layer moreover can be deposited by a sintering process. Prestressing is achieved also by the shrinkage resulting from the sintering process. As a result of prestressing, the inner layer, when under internal pressure, comes under substantially no circumferential tension or under circumferential compression only. The wall is used especially with precombustion chambers of Diesel engines or with cylinder barrels or internal combustion engines.

Abstract translation: 为中空体提供多层壁以维持高的热和机械载荷并提供足够的热绝缘。 内壁上具有耐热和/或耐磨陶瓷内层，并围绕它，优选地是预应力的纤维增强塑料保持层。 还可以提供绝热陶瓷材料的中间层。 壁也可以具有金属保持层。 至少保持层是收缩配合的。 此外，金属和/或中间层的保持层可以通过烧结工艺沉积。 预应力还可以通过烧结过程产生的收缩来实现。 作为预应力的结果，内层在内部压力下基本上没有圆周张力或仅在周向压缩下。 该墙特别用于柴油发动机的预燃室或气缸桶或内燃机。

公开(公告)号：US4489641A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-25

申请号：US232746

申请日：1981-02-09

Applicant: Karl Eickmann

Inventor： Karl Eickmann

IPC: F04B1/20 ,  F01B13/06

CPC classification number: F04B1/20 ,  F05C2201/0448

Abstract: A bush assembly is inserted into the rotor hub around a cylindrical control body which is partially extending into the bush to fill the interior of the bush. In such devices, where fluid flows through the control body and the working chambers in the rotor of the machine, leakage escaped through the clearance between the control body and the rotor. Due to the novel bush assembly the respective high pressure is led through passages which extend half way around the bush into recesses diametrically located in the bush. There the pressure is utilized to press respective seal-portions towards the control body to at least partially seal the escape of leakage, while maintaining a radial pressure balance between the control body and the bush.

Abstract translation: 衬套组件围绕圆柱形控制体插入转子毂中，圆柱形控制体部分地延伸到衬套中以填充衬套的内部。 在流体流过机器转子中的控制体和工作室的这种装置中，泄漏通过控制体和转子之间的间隙逃逸。 由于新颖的衬套组件，相应的高压被引导通过通道，这些通道围绕衬套延伸到径向位于衬套中的凹槽中。 在此压力被用来将相应的密封部分朝向控制体压入以至少部分地密封泄漏的泄漏，同时保持控制体和衬套之间的径向压力平衡。