公开(公告)号：US06461753B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09542209

申请日：2000-04-04

Applicant: Richard D. Breault ,  Margaret M. Steinbugler ,  David A. Condit

Inventor： Richard D. Breault ,  Margaret M. Steinbugler ,  David A. Condit

IPC: H01M804

CPC classification number: H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04074

Abstract: A fuel cell with a direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing fluid and process oxidant reactant streams. The fuel cell includes an electrolyte secured between an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst; an anode flow field secured adjacent the anode catalyst for directing the reducing fluid to pass adjacent the anode catalyst; a cathode flow field secured adjacent the cathode catalyst for directing the process oxidant stream to pass adjacent the cathode catalyst; a direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate secured in heat exchange relationship with the cathode flow field; and a direct antifreeze solution passing through the cooler plate for controlling temperature within the fuel cell. The direct antifreeze solution is an organic antifreeze solution that is not volatile at cell operating temperatures. A preferred direct antifreeze solution is an alkanetriol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, butanetriol, and pentanetriol having favorable low volatility and high surface tension characteristics. The direct antifreeze impermeable cooler plate may be constructed of any material that is impermeable to liquid and compatible with a fuel cell operating environment such as plated metals, or in a preferred embodiment, the cooler plate may be a fine pore commercial graphite material.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有直接防冻防渗冷却器板的燃料电池，用于从还原流体和处理氧化剂反应物流产生电能。 燃料电池包括固定在阳极催化剂和阴极催化剂之间的电解质; 邻近阳极催化剂固定的阳极流场，用于引导还原流体邻近阳极催化剂通过; 与阴极催化剂相邻固定的阴极流场，用于引导工艺氧化剂流通过邻近的阴极催化剂; 与阴极流场保持热交换关系的直接防冻防渗冷却板; 以及通过冷却器板的直接防冻溶液，用于控制燃料电池内的温度。 直接防冻溶液是在电池工作温度下不挥发的有机防冻溶液。 优选的直接防冻溶液是选自具有良好的低挥发性和高表面张力特性的甘油，丁三醇和戊三醇的烷三醇。 直接防冻防渗冷却器板可以由对液体不可渗透并且与诸如电镀金属的燃料电池操作环境兼容的任何材料构成，或者在优选实施例中，冷却器板可以是细孔商业石墨材料。

公开(公告)号：US06316135B1

公开(公告)日：2001-11-13

申请号：US09359475

申请日：1999-07-22

Applicant: Richard D. Breault ,  David A. Condit ,  Albert P. Grasso ,  Michael E. Gorman

Inventor： Richard D. Breault ,  David A. Condit ,  Albert P. Grasso ,  Michael E. Gorman

IPC: H01M804

CPC classification number: H01M8/04134 ,  H01M8/04029 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04126 ,  H01M8/04156 ,  H01M8/04253 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2300/0082

Abstract: A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid streams that includes an electrolyte secured between an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst; a porous anode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the anode catalyst; a porous wet proofed cathode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the cathode catalyst; a porous water transport plate secured in direct fluid communication with the porous cathode substrate; and, a direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate. In operation of the fuel cell, because product water generated electrochemically at the cathode catalyst flows away from the cathode catalyst into the cathode substrate and into the water transport plate and because the cathode substrate is wetproofed, the antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate remains essentially within this plate. In a preferred embodiment, the antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate may be directed to flow at a pressure less than that of the oxidant stream passing adjacent the cathode substrate.

Abstract translation: 公开了直接防冻冷却的燃料电池，用于通过减少和处理氧化剂流体流产生电能，所述氧化剂流体流包括固定在阳极催化剂和阴极催化剂之间的电解质; 与阳极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阳极催化剂的多孔阳极基板; 固定成与阴极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阴极催化剂的多孔湿气阴极基板; 与多孔阴极基板直接流体连通地固定的多孔水输送板; 以及通过多孔水输送板的直接防冻溶液。 在燃料电池的运行中，由于在阴极催化剂上电化学产生的水由阴极催化剂流入阴极基体并进入水输送板，并且由于阴极基板是防水的，所以通过水输送板的防冻溶液保持 基本上在这个板内。 在优选的实施方案中，通过水输送板的防冻液可以以比通过邻近阴极底物的氧化剂流的压力低的流动来引导。

公开(公告)号：US5938823A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-17

申请号：US844141

申请日：1997-04-18

Applicant: David A. Condit ,  Timothy N. Obee ,  Willard H. Sutton ,  Richard R. Grzybowski ,  Christopher M. Pater ,  Antonio Rinaldi ,  Sunita Satyapal ,  Wayde R. Schmidt ,  Charles R. Winston ,  Michael Winter

Inventor： David A. Condit ,  Timothy N. Obee ,  Willard H. Sutton ,  Richard R. Grzybowski ,  Christopher M. Pater ,  Antonio Rinaldi ,  Sunita Satyapal ,  Wayde R. Schmidt ,  Charles R. Winston ,  Michael Winter

IPC: B03C3/017 ,  B03C3/62 ,  B03C3/88 ,  B03C3/47

CPC classification number: B03C3/885 ,  B03C3/017 ,  B03C3/62

Abstract: Air cleansing apparatus includes an electrostatic precipitator in which the collector plates are made of, for instance, reticulated chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide, or reticulated silicon carbide ceramic coated with titanium nitride, zirconium diboride, or chemical vapor deposited silicon carbide. Microorganisms entrained on the collector plates are thermally degraded or vaporized by microwave radiation directed against the plates during a sterilization period which follows a collection period.

Abstract translation: 空气净化装置包括静电除尘器，其中集电板由例如网状化学气相沉积碳化硅或由氮化钛，二硼化锆，化学气相沉积碳化硅涂覆的网状碳化硅陶瓷制成。 夹带在收集器板上的微生物在收集期间的灭菌期间通过微波辐射热量降解或蒸发。

公开(公告)号：US5846833A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-08

申请号：US785722

申请日：1997-01-17

Applicant: Warren R. Clough ,  Lowell E. Paige ,  John Attanasio ,  William A. Faris ,  H. Harvey Michels ,  David A. Condit

Inventor： Warren R. Clough ,  Lowell E. Paige ,  John Attanasio ,  William A. Faris ,  H. Harvey Michels ,  David A. Condit

IPC: G01N11/08 ,  G01N33/28 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/2835 ,  G01N11/08 ,  Y10T436/21

Abstract: A method for testing a non-hydrocarbon refrigerant, such as CFC-12 or HFC-134a, in a closed system for hydrocarbons, HCFC-22 refrigerant and ammonia is provided wherein a sample of the non-hydrocarbon refrigerant is withdrawn from the closed system, the pressure of the sample is measured and a metered portion of the sample is passed through a test apparatus (20) including a testing tube (30), a testing tube holder (40) for supporting the testing tube (30) and outfitted with a vent (48) to the atmosphere, and a pressure gauge (70) for indicating the pressure of the sample withdrawn. A medium (38) for indicating the presence of hydrocarbons in the sample flow passing through the testing tube is deposited on a surface disposed in the testing tube. The presence of undesired HCFC-22 refrigerant in the CFC-12 or HFC-134a is indicated by a higher pressure reading on the pressure gauge (70). Finally, the presence of ammonia is sensed by its characteristic pungent odor as the refrigerant sample flow is vented to the atmosphere.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于在封闭系统中测试碳氢化合物，HCFC-22制冷剂和氨的非烃类制冷剂如CFC-12或HFC-134a的方法，其中非烃制冷剂的样品从封闭系统中取出 测量样品的压力，并将样品的计量部分通过包括试管（30）的试验装置（20），用于支撑试管（30）的试管支架（40），并配备有 向大气的排气口（48）和用于指示取出的样品的压力的压力计（70）。 用于指示通过试管的样品流中存在烃的介质（38）沉积在设置在试管中的表面上。 在CFC-12或HFC-134a中存在不需要的HCFC-22制冷剂，由压力表（70）上的较高压力读数表示。 最后，随着制冷剂样品流向大气排放，氨的存在被其特征性的刺激性气味所感测。

公开(公告)号：US5363661A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-15

申请号：US116936

申请日：1993-09-03

Applicant: David A. Condit ,  H. Harvey Michels ,  Thomas J. Garosshen ,  Warren R. Clough

Inventor： David A. Condit ,  H. Harvey Michels ,  Thomas J. Garosshen ,  Warren R. Clough

IPC: G01N31/00 ,  C09K5/00 ,  G01N31/22

CPC classification number: G01N31/22

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing refrigerant of one type for contamination by refrigerant of another type as would be the case if an air conditioning or refrigeration system charged with a non-chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant received a replenishment charge of a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant. A sample of the suspected refrigerant mix is exposed to a reagent that will decompose the contaminant refrigerant but not the refrigerant that is proper for the system. The sample is then tested for a product of the decomposition. If the product is present, then one can conclude that the contaminant refrigerant is present.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测另一种制冷剂污染的制冷剂的方法和装置，如果装有非氯氟烃制冷剂的空调或制冷系统接收到氯氟烃制冷剂的补充装料的情况。 可疑制冷剂混合物的样品暴露于将分解污染物制冷剂而不是适用于该系统的制冷剂的试剂。 然后测试样品的分解产物。 如果产品存在，则可以断定存在污染物制冷剂。

公开(公告)号：US06361891B1

公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

申请号：US09467810

申请日：1999-12-20

Applicant: Richard D. Breault ,  David A. Condit ,  Leslie L. Van Dine ,  Margaret M. Steinbugler

Inventor： Richard D. Breault ,  David A. Condit ,  Leslie L. Van Dine ,  Margaret M. Steinbugler

IPC: H01M804

CPC classification number: H01M8/04119 ,  H01M8/04029

Abstract: A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell power plant system is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid reactant streams. The system includes at least one fuel cell for producing electrical energy from the reducing and oxidant fluid streams; a thermal management system that directs flow of a cooling fluid for controlling temperature within the plant including a porous water transport plate adjacent and in direct fluid communication with a cathode catalyst of the fuel cell; a direct antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate; and, fuel processing components secured in fluid communication with the thermal management system for processing a hydrocarbon fuel into the reducing fluid and for controlling a concentration of a direct antifreeze in the direct antifreeze solution. The fuel processing components may include a boiler that receives a portion of the direct antifreeze solution from the thermal management system; a steam separator that directs separated steam from the boiler to a reformer for reforming the hydrocarbon fuel to the reducing fluid, and that directs separated liquid direct antifreeze solution back to the thermal management system. A preferred direct antifreeze solution is an alkanetriol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, butanetriol, and pentanetriol.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于从减少和处理氧化剂流体反应物流产生电能的直接防冻冷却的燃料电池发电厂系统。 该系统包括用于从还原和氧化剂流体流产生电能的至少一个燃料电池; 引导用于控制设备内的温度的冷却流体的流动的热管理系统，包括与燃料电池的阴极催化剂相邻并与燃料电池的阴极催化剂直接流体连通的多孔水输送板; 通过水输送板的直接防冻溶液; 以及燃料处理部件与热管理系统保持流体连通，用于将烃燃料加工成还原流体并控制直接防冻溶液中直接防冻剂的浓度。 燃料处理部件可以包括从热管理系统接收直接防冻溶液的一部分的锅炉; 蒸汽分离器，其将分离的蒸汽从锅炉引导到重整器，用于将烃燃料重整为还原流体，并将分离的液体直接防冻溶液引导回热管理系统。 优选的直接防冻溶液是选自甘油，丁三醇和戊三醇的烷三醇。

公开(公告)号：US5919853A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-06

申请号：US895313

申请日：1997-07-16

Applicant: David A. Condit ,  Daniel J. Budnik

Inventor： David A. Condit ,  Daniel J. Budnik

IPC: B41J2/44 ,  B23K26/00 ,  B23K26/18 ,  B41M5/24 ,  B41M5/26 ,  B44C1/22 ,  B44C1/26 ,  C08K3/00

CPC classification number: B44C1/26 ,  B23K26/18 ,  B41M5/24 ,  B44C1/22 ,  B44C1/228 ,  Y10T156/1064

Abstract: A method of imprinting a workpiece includes lasing the workpiece to create a depression or other opening, depositing a laser-fusible polymer material into the depression, and then lasing the material so as to fuse the material into the depression. Preferably, the laser-fusible polymer material is fusible in the near infrared spectrum. An alternate method for imprinting using colored powder paints includes an additional step of heating the workpiece to ensure thermosetting of the colored powder paint. Laser fusible materials having particular physical characteristics and compositions may be used to facilitate the process.

Abstract translation: 压印工件的方法包括使工件发光以产生凹陷或其它开口，将激光熔融聚合物材料沉积到凹陷中，然后激光材料以将材料熔合到凹陷中。 优选地，激光可熔聚合物材料在近红外光谱中是可熔的。 使用着色粉末涂料的另一种印刷方法包括加热工件以确保着色粉末涂料的热固化的附加步骤。 具有特定物理特征和组成的激光熔融材料可用于促进该方法。

公开(公告)号：US5204317A

公开(公告)日：1993-04-20

申请号：US737296

申请日：1991-07-29

Applicant: Francis S. Galasso ,  David A. Condit

Inventor： Francis S. Galasso ,  David A. Condit

IPC: C04B35/45

CPC classification number: C04B35/4521 ,  Y10S505/742 ,  Y10S505/782

Abstract: A method for making a high critical current density Bi.sub.2 CaSr.sub.2 Cu.sub.2 O.sub.8 superconductor includes mixing suitable solid state reactants in amounts sufficient to create a reactant mixture having a ratio of approximately 4 Bi atoms:3 Ca atoms:3 Sr atoms:4 Cu atoms and oxygen. The reactant mixture is heated to a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to sinter the reactant mixture and form a Bi.sub.2 CaSr.sub.2 Cu.sub.2 O.sub.8 superconductor.

Abstract translation: 制备高临界电流密度的方法包括混合合适的固态反应物，其量足以产生具有约4个Bi原子：3个Ca原子：3个Sr原子:4个Cu原子和氧的比例的反应物混合物。 将反应混合物加热到足够的温度足够的时间以烧结反应物混合物并形成Bi 2 Ca 2 SrC 2 O 8超导体。