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公开(公告)号：US06794073B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US10037195
申请日：2001-11-09
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04134 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04126 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04253 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid streams that includes an electrolyte secured between an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst; a porous anode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the anode catalyst; a porous wetproofed cathode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the cathode catalyst; a porous water transport or cooler plate secured in direct fluid communication with the porous cathode substrate; and, a direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate. A preferred direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate remains essentially within the water transport plate and does not poison the catalysts.
摘要翻译： 公开了直接防冻冷却的燃料电池，用于通过减少和处理氧化剂流体流产生电能，所述氧化剂流体流包括固定在阳极催化剂和阴极催化剂之间的电解质; 与阳极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阳极催化剂的多孔阳极基板; 固定成与阴极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阴极催化剂的多孔耐湿阴极基板; 固定成与多孔阴极基板直接流体连通的多孔水输送或冷却板; 以及通过多孔水输送板的直接防冻溶液。 通过多孔水输送板的优选的直接防冻溶液基本上保持在水输送板内，并且不会使催化剂中毒。
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公开(公告)号：US06316135B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-13
申请号：US09359475
申请日：1999-07-22
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04134 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04126 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04253 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid streams that includes an electrolyte secured between an anode catalyst and a cathode catalyst; a porous anode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the anode catalyst; a porous wet proofed cathode substrate secured in direct fluid communication with and supporting the cathode catalyst; a porous water transport plate secured in direct fluid communication with the porous cathode substrate; and, a direct antifreeze solution passing through the porous water transport plate. In operation of the fuel cell, because product water generated electrochemically at the cathode catalyst flows away from the cathode catalyst into the cathode substrate and into the water transport plate and because the cathode substrate is wetproofed, the antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate remains essentially within this plate. In a preferred embodiment, the antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate may be directed to flow at a pressure less than that of the oxidant stream passing adjacent the cathode substrate.
摘要翻译： 公开了直接防冻冷却的燃料电池，用于通过减少和处理氧化剂流体流产生电能，所述氧化剂流体流包括固定在阳极催化剂和阴极催化剂之间的电解质; 与阳极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阳极催化剂的多孔阳极基板; 固定成与阴极催化剂直接流体连通并支撑阴极催化剂的多孔湿气阴极基板; 与多孔阴极基板直接流体连通地固定的多孔水输送板; 以及通过多孔水输送板的直接防冻溶液。 在燃料电池的运行中，由于在阴极催化剂上电化学产生的水由阴极催化剂流入阴极基体并进入水输送板，并且由于阴极基板是防水的，所以通过水输送板的防冻溶液保持 基本上在这个板内。 在优选的实施方案中，通过水输送板的防冻液可以以比通过邻近阴极底物的氧化剂流的压力低的流动来引导。
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公开(公告)号：US06274259B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-14
申请号：US09395704
申请日：1999-09-14
IPC分类号： H02M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04141 , B01D2258/0208 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04149 , H01M8/04253
摘要： A fine pore enthalpy exchange barrier is disclosed for use with a fuel cell power plant. The barrier includes a support matrix that defines pores and a liquid transfer medium that fills the pores creating a gas barrier. An inlet surface of the fine pore enthalpy exchange barrier is positioned in contact with a process oxidant inlet stream entering a fuel cell power plant, and an opposed exhaust surface of the barrier is positioned in contact with an exhaust stream exiting the plant so that water and heat exchange from the exhaust stream directly into the process oxidant inlet stream to heat and humidify the stream as it enters the plant. The liquid transfer medium may include water, aqueous salt solutions, aqueous acid solutions, or organic antifreeze water solutions.
摘要翻译： 公开了与燃料电池发电厂一起使用的细孔焓交换屏障。 屏障包括限定孔的支撑矩阵和填充产生气体屏障的孔的液体转移介质。 微孔焓交换屏障的入口表面定位成与进入燃料电池发电厂的过程氧化剂入口流接触，并且屏障的相对排气表面与离开设备的排气流接触，使得水和 从排气流直接进入过程氧化剂入口流的热交换，以便当流进入工厂时对流进行加热和加湿。 液体转移介质可以包括水，盐水溶液，酸水溶液或有机防冻水溶液。
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公开(公告)号：US06986959B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-17
申请号：US10624190
申请日：2003-07-22
申请人： Thomas M. Clark , Paul R. Margiott , Albert P. Grasso , Richard D. Breault , Leslie L. Van Dine , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Edward J. Bludnicki
发明人： Thomas M. Clark , Paul R. Margiott , Albert P. Grasso , Richard D. Breault , Leslie L. Van Dine , Margaret M. Steinbugler , Edward J. Bludnicki
CPC分类号： H01M8/04225 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04022 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04037 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04141 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/0606 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A fuel cell power plant system includes the ability to operate an enthalpy recovery device even under cold conditions. A bypass arrangement allows for selectively bypassing one or more portions of the enthalpy recovery device under selected conditions. In one example, the enthalpy recovery device is completely bypassed under selected temperature conditions to allow the device to freeze and then later to be used under more favorable temperature conditions. In another example, the enthalpy recovery device is selectively bypassed during a system startup operation. One example includes a heater associated with the enthalpy recovery device. Another example includes preheating oxidant supplied to one portion of the enthalpy recovery device.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂系统包括即使在寒冷条件下操作焓恢复装置的能力。 旁路装置允许在选定的条件下选择性地旁路焓回收装置的一个或多个部分。 在一个实例中，焓回收装置在选定的温度条件下完全旁路，以使装置冷冻，然后稍后在更有利的温度条件下使用。 在另一示例中，在系统启动操作期间有选择地绕过焓恢复装置。 一个示例包括与焓恢复装置相关联的加热器。 另一个实例包括将提供给焓回收装置的一部分的氧化剂预热。
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公开(公告)号：US06916571B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10465006
申请日：2003-06-19
申请人： Albert P. Grasso , Glenn W. Scheffler , Leslie L. Van Dine , Brian F. Dufner , Richard D. Breault
发明人： Albert P. Grasso , Glenn W. Scheffler , Leslie L. Van Dine , Brian F. Dufner , Richard D. Breault
IPC分类号： H01M20060101 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/02 , H01M2/08 , H01M2/12 , H01M2/14 , H01M2/36 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10
CPC分类号： H01M8/04074 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04134 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483
摘要： Water flow field inlet manifolds (33, 37) are disposed at the fuel cell stack (11) base. Water flow field outlet manifolds (34, 38) are located at the fuel cell stack top. Outlet and inlet manifolds are interconnected (41-43, 47, 49, 50) so gas bubbles leaking through the porous water transport plate cause flow by natural convection, with no mechanical water pump. Variation in water level within a standpipe (58) controls (56, 60, 62, 63) the temperature or flow of coolant. In another embodiment, the water is not circulated, but gas and excess water are vented from the water outlet manifolds. Water channels (70) may be vertical. A hydrophobic region (80) provides gas leakage to ensure bubble pumping of water. An external heat exchanger (77) maximizes water density differential for convective flow.
摘要翻译： 水流场入口歧管（33,37）设置在燃料电池堆（11）的基部。 水流场出口歧管（34,38）位于燃料电池堆顶部。 出口和入口歧管相互连接（41-43,47,49,50），因此通过多孔水输送板泄漏的气泡通过自然对流而流动，没有机械水泵。 立管（58）内的水位变化控制（56,60,62,63）冷却液的温度或流量。 在另一个实施方案中，水不循环，但是从出水歧管排出气体和多余的水。 水通道（70）可以是垂直的。 疏水区域（80）提供气体泄漏以确保泡沫泵送水。 外部热交换器（77）使对流流量的水密度差最大化。
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公开(公告)号：US06794077B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US10036181
申请日：2001-12-28
IPC分类号： H01M202
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/0247 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04104 , H01M8/04134 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2484
摘要： A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell includes fuel and oxidant flow field plates (26, 40) having fuel and oxidant channels (27, 28; 41, 44), and water channels, the ends (29, 48) of which that are adjacent to the corresponding reactant gas inlet manifold (34, 42) are dead ended, the other ends (31, 50) draining excess water into the corresponding reactant gas exhaust manifold (36, 45). Flow restrictors (39, 47) maintain reactant gas pressure above exit manifold pressure, and may comprise interdigitated channels (65, 66; 76, 78). Solid reactant gas flow field plates have small holes (85, 88) between reactant gas channels (27, 28; 41) and water drain channels (29, 30; 49, 50). In one embodiment, the fuel cells of a stack may be separated by either coolant plates (51) or solid plates (55) or both. In a second embodiment, coolant plates (51a) have weep holes (57) that inject water into the ends (29) of the reactant gas water channels which are in the region of the inlet manifold (34), thereby assuring humidification of the reactants.
摘要翻译： 质子交换膜（PEM）燃料电池包括具有燃料和氧化剂通道（27,28,41,44）和水通道的燃料和氧化剂流场板（26,40），其中所述端部（29,48） 邻近相应的反应气体入口歧管（34,42）是死端的，另一端（31,50）将多余的水排放到相应的反应气体排气歧管（36,45）中。 流量限制器（39,47）将反应气体压力保持在出口歧管压力以上，并且可以包括交错的通道（65,66; 76,78）。 固体反应物气体流场板在反应气体通道（27,28; 41）和排水通道（29,30; 49,50）之间具有小孔（85,88）。 在一个实施例中，堆叠的燃料电池可以由冷却板（51）或固体板（55）或两者分开。 在第二实施例中，冷却剂板（51a）具有将水注入位于入口歧管（34）的区域中的反应物气体水通道的端部（29）的排水孔（57），从而确保反应物的加湿 。
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7.发明授权Coolant treatment system for a direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell assembly 失效用于直接防冻冷却的燃料电池组件的冷却剂处理系统公开(公告)号：US06428916B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-06
申请号：US09468027
申请日：1999-12-20
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04029
摘要： A coolant treatment system for a direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell power plant including a degassifier for providing interaction between an oxidant and an antifreeze solution which has circulated throughout the fuel cell power plant so that dissolved gases within the antifreeze solution are removed. The fuel cell power plant is configured to allow the antifreeze solution to be in direct fluid communication with the fuel cell assemblies comprising the fuel cell power plant.
摘要翻译： 一种用于直接防冻冷却的燃料电池发电厂的冷却剂处理系统，其包括用于提供氧化剂和防冻液之间的相互作用的脱气装置，其循环在整个燃料电池发电厂中，从而除去防冻溶液中的溶解气体。 燃料电池发电厂被配置为允许防冻溶液与包括燃料电池发电厂的燃料电池组件直接流体连通。
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公开(公告)号：US06635370B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-21
申请号：US09872957
申请日：2001-06-01
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457
摘要： A fuel cell system is shut down by disconnecting the primary load, shutting off the air flow, and controlling the fuel flow into the system (including shutting off the fuel flow) and the gas flow out of the system in a manner that results in the fuel cell gases coming to equilibrium across the cells at a gas composition of at least 0.0001% hydrogen (by volume), and preferably between 1.0% and less than 4.0% hydrogen, by volume, with a balance of nitrogen and possibly other gases inert and harmless to the fuel cell, all the oxygen having been consumed by reacting with the hydrogen within the cell. That gas composition is maintained within the cells throughout shut-down, such as by adding hydrogen to replace any that is consumed by reaction with air leaking into the cells during the period of shut-down. This shut-down procedure causes virtually no cell performance losses.
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公开(公告)号：US06432566B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-13
申请号：US09426357
申请日：1999-10-25
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04134
摘要： A direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell power plant is disclosed. The plant includes at least one fuel cell a thermal management system that directs flow of a cooling fluid for controlling heat within the plant, including a direct antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate. The plant also integrates the direct antifreeze solution with a direct mass and heat transfer device, a water treatment system, and a steam injection system so that the direct antifreeze solution minimizes problems related to operation of the plant in sub-freezing conditions. A preferred antifreeze solution is an alkanetriol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, butanetriol, and pentanetriol. The direct antifreeze solutions minimize movement of the antifreeze as a vapor out of a water transport plate into contact with cathode or anode catalysts, and also minimize direct antifreeze solution loss from other power plant systems.
摘要翻译： 公开了直接防冻冷却的燃料电池发电厂。 该设备包括至少一个燃料电池，该热管理系统引导用于控制设备内的热量的冷却流体的流动，包括通过水输送板的直接防冻溶液。 该工厂还将直接防冻溶液与直接质量传热装置，水处理系统和蒸汽注入系统相结合，使得直接防冻溶液最大限度地减少了在低温条件下工厂运行的问题。 优选的防冻溶液是选自甘油，丁三醇和戊三醇的烷三醇。 直接防冻溶液使防冻剂的运动最小化为从水输送板中蒸出的与阴极或阳极催化剂接触的蒸气，并且还使来自其它发电厂系统的直接防冻溶液损失最小化。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06416891B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-09
申请号：US09443267
申请日：1999-11-22
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0612
摘要： An operating system for a direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell power plant is disclosed for producing electrical energy from reducing and process oxidant fluid reactant streams. The system includes at least one fuel cell for producing electrical energy from the reducing and oxidant fluid streams; fuel processing components for processing a hydrocarbon fuel into the reducing fluid; a thermal management system that directs flow of a cooling fluid for controlling heat within the plant including a porous water transport plate adjacent and in fluid communication with a cathode catalyst of the fuel cell; a direct antifreeze solution passing through the water transport plate; and, a split oxidant passage that directs the process oxidant stream into and through the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于直接防冻冷却的燃料电池发电厂的操作系统，用于从减少和处理氧化剂流体反应物流中产生电能。 该系统包括用于从还原和氧化剂流体流产生电能的至少一个燃料电池; 用于将烃燃料加工成还原流体的燃料处理部件; 引导冷却流体流动以控制设备内的热量的热管理系统，包括邻近并与燃料电池的阴极催化剂流体连通的多孔水输送板; 通过水输送板的直接防冻溶液; 以及将过程氧化剂流引导并通过燃料电池的分离氧化剂通道。
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