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    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR RATE-MODULATED PLASTICITY IN A SPIKING NEURON NETWORK
    21.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR RATE-MODULATED PLASTICITY IN A SPIKING NEURON NETWORK 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20140244557A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-28

    申请号：US13774934

    申请日：2013-02-22

    Applicant: BRAIN CORPORATION

    Inventor： Filip Piekniewski ,  Micah Richert ,  Eugene Izhikevich

    IPC: G06N3/02

    CPC classification number: G06N3/08 ,  G06N3/02 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/10 ,  G06N99/005

    Abstract: Apparatus and methods for activity based plasticity in a spiking neuron network adapted to process sensory input. In one approach, the plasticity mechanism of a connection may comprise a causal potentiation portion and an anti-causal portion. The anti-causal portion, corresponding to the input into a neuron occurring after the neuron response, may be configured based on the prior activity of the neuron. When the neuron is in low activity state, the connection, when active, may be potentiated by a base amount. When the neuron activity increases due to another input, the efficacy of the connection, if active, may be reduced proportionally to the neuron activity. Such functionality may enable the network to maintain strong, albeit inactive, connections available for use for extended intervals.

    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TRACKING SALIENT FEATURES
    24.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TRACKING SALIENT FEATURES 审中-公开
    跟踪特征的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20160086051A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-03-24

    申请号：US14637164

    申请日：2015-03-03

    Applicant: Brain Corporation

    Inventor： Filip Piekniewski ,  Micah Richert ,  Dimitry Fisher

    IPC: G06K9/46 ,  G06T3/00 ,  H04N9/797 ,  G06T7/40 ,  G06T7/00 ,  G06T3/40 ,  G06T7/20

    CPC classification number: G06T7/292 ,  G06K9/3241 ,  G06K9/4623 ,  G06K9/4642 ,  G06K9/4652 ,  G06K9/4671 ,  G06K9/48 ,  G06T7/20 ,  G06T7/246 ,  G06T7/90 ,  G06T2207/10024 ,  G06T2207/20164 ,  G06T2207/30241 ,  G06T2215/16 ,  H04N9/7973

    Abstract: Apparatus and methods for detecting and utilizing saliency in digital images. In one implementation, salient objects may be detected based on analysis of pixel characteristics. Least frequently occurring pixel values may be deemed as salient. Pixel values in an image may be compared to a reference. Color distance may be determined based on a difference between reference color and pixel color. Individual image channels may be scaled when determining saliency in a multi-channel image. Areas of high saliency may be analyzed to determine object position, shape, and/or color. Multiple saliency maps may be additively or multiplicative combined in order to improve detection performance (e.g., reduce number of false positives). Methodologies described herein may enable robust tracking of objects utilizing fewer determination resources. Efficient implementation of the methods described below may allow them to be used for example on board a robot (or autonomous vehicle) or a mobile determining platform.

    Abstract translation: 用于检测和利用数字图像显着性的装置和方法。 在一个实现中，可以基于像素特性的分析来检测显着对象。 最常出现的像素值可能被认为是显着的。 图像中的像素值可以与参考进行比较。 可以基于参考颜色和像素颜色之间的差来确定颜色距离。 当确定多通道图像中的显着性时，可以缩放各个图像通道。 可以分析高显着性的区域以确定对象位置，形状和/或颜色。 为了提高检测性能（例如，减少误报数量），多重显着图可以被相加或乘法组合。 本文描述的方法可以利用较少的确定资源来实现对物体的鲁棒跟踪。 下面描述的方法的有效实现可以允许它们例如在机器人（或自主车辆）或移动确定平台上使用。

    Rate stabilization through plasticity in spiking neuron network
    25.
    发明授权
    Rate stabilization through plasticity in spiking neuron network 有权
    通过刺激神经元网络中的可塑性来稳定速率

    公开(公告)号：US09275326B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-03-01

    申请号：US13691554

    申请日：2012-11-30

    Applicant: Brain Corporation

    Inventor： Filip Piekniewski ,  Micah Richert ,  Dimitry Fisher ,  Eugene Izhikevich

    IPC: G06F15/18 ,  G06N3/02 ,  G06N3/04

    CPC classification number: G06N3/02 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/088

    Abstract: Apparatus and methods for activity based plasticity in a spiking neuron network adapted to process sensory input. In one embodiment, the plasticity mechanism may be configured for example based on activity of one or more neurons providing feed-forward stimulus and activity of one or more neurons providing inhibitory feedback. When an inhibitory neuron generates an output, inhibitory connections may be potentiated. When an inhibitory neuron receives inhibitory input, the inhibitory connection may be depressed. When the inhibitory input arrives subsequent to the neuron response, the inhibitory connection may be depressed. When input features are unevenly distributed in occurrence, the plasticity mechanism is capable of reducing response rate of neurons that develop receptive fields to more prevalent features. Such functionality may provide network output such that rarely occurring features are not drowned out by more widespread stimulus.

    Abstract translation: 适用于处理感觉输入的加标神经元网络中基于活动的可塑性的装置和方法。 在一个实施方案中，可塑性机制可以例如基于提供前馈刺激的一个或多个神经元的活性和提供抑制反馈的一个或多个神经元的活性来配置。 当抑制性神经元产生输出时，可以增强抑制性连接。 当抑制性神经元接受抑制性输入时，可能抑制抑制性连接。 当抑制输入在神经元响应之后到达时，可能抑制抑制性连接。 当输入特征在发生时不均匀分布时，可塑性机制能够将发展接受场的神经元的反应率降低到更普遍的特征。 这样的功能可以提供网络输出，使得很少发生的特征不被更广泛的刺激所淹没。

    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR EVENT-TRIGGERED UPDATES IN PARALLEL NETWORKS
    26.
    发明申请
    APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR EVENT-TRIGGERED UPDATES IN PARALLEL NETWORKS 有权
    并行网络中事件触发更新的设备和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20140250036A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-09-04

    申请号：US14198446

    申请日：2014-03-05

    Applicant: BRAIN CORPORATION

    Inventor： Eugene M. Izhikevich ,  Botond Szatmary ,  Csaba Petre ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran

    IPC: G06N3/10

    CPC classification number: G06N3/08 ,  G05B13/027 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/10

    Abstract: A simple format is disclosed and referred to as Elementary Network Description (END). The format can fully describe a large-scale neuronal model and embodiments of software or hardware engines to simulate such a model efficiently. The architecture of such neuromorphic engines is optimal for high-performance parallel processing of spiking networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity. The software and hardware engines are optimized to take into account short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in the form of LTD, LTP, and STDP.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种简单的格式，并被称为基本网络描述（END）。 该格式可以充分描述大规模神经元模型和软件或硬件引擎的实施例，以有效地模拟这种模型。 这种神经形态发动机的架构对于具有尖峰时间依赖可塑性的加标网络的高性能并行处理是最佳的。 软件和硬件引擎经过优化考虑了LTD，LTP和STDP形式的短期和长期突触可塑性。

    SPIKING NETWORK APPARATUS AND METHOD WITH BIMODAL SPIKE-TIMING DEPENDENT PLASTICITY
    27.
    发明申请
    SPIKING NETWORK APPARATUS AND METHOD WITH BIMODAL SPIKE-TIMING DEPENDENT PLASTICITY 有权
    SPIKEING网络设备和双向SPIKE时序依赖塑料的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20140229411A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-14

    申请号：US13763005

    申请日：2013-02-08

    Applicant: BRAIN CORPORATION

    Inventor： Micah Richert ,  Filip Piekniewski ,  Eugene Izhikevich ,  Sach Sokol

    IPC: G06N3/08

    CPC classification number: G06K9/00711 ,  G06K9/4671 ,  G06N3/049 ,  G06N3/08 ,  G06T7/246 ,  G06T2207/10016

    Abstract: Apparatus and methods for learning in response to temporally-proximate features. In one implementation, an image processing apparatus utilizes bi-modal spike timing dependent plasticity in a spiking neuron network. Based on a response by the neuron to a frame of input, the bi-modal plasticity mechanism is used to depress synaptic connections delivering the present input frame and to potentiate synaptic connections delivering previous and/or subsequent frames of input. The depression of near-contemporaneous input prevents the creation of a positive feedback loop and provides a mechanism for network response normalization.

    Abstract translation: 响应于时间上接近的特征学习的装置和方法。 在一个实施方案中，图像处理装置在加标神经元网络中利用双模态尖峰时间相关可塑性。 基于神经元对输入帧的响应，双模式可塑性机制用于抑制递送当前输入帧的突触连接并且加强递送先前和/或后续输入帧的突触连接。 近同期输入的抑制阻止了正反馈回路的创建，并提供了网络响应归一化的机制。

    Systems and methods for predictive/reconstructive visual object tracker
    28.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods for predictive/reconstructive visual object tracker 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10818016B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-10-27

    申请号：US16357536

    申请日：2019-03-19

    Applicant: BRAIN CORPORATION

    Inventor： Filip Piekniewski ,  Micah Richert ,  Dimitry Fisher ,  Patryk Laurent ,  Csaba Petre

    IPC: G06T7/20 ,  G06T1/60 ,  G06T9/00 ,  G06T7/00 ,  H04N19/503 ,  G06F12/08

    Abstract: Systems and methods for predictive/reconstructive visual object tracking are disclosed. The visual object tracking has advanced abilities to track objects in scenes, which can have a variety of applications as discussed in this disclosure. In some exemplary implementations, a visual system can comprise a plurality of associative memory units, wherein each associative memory unit has a plurality of layers. The associative memory units can be communicatively coupled to each other in a hierarchical structure, wherein data in associative memory units in higher levels of the hierarchical structure are more abstract than lower associative memory units. The associative memory units can communicate to one another supplying contextual data.

    Methods and apparatus for tracking objects using saliency
    29.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for tracking objects using saliency 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10657409B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-05-19

    申请号：US16291470

    申请日：2019-03-04

    Applicant: Brain Corporation

    Inventor： Filip Piekniewski ,  Micah Richert

    IPC: G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/46 ,  G06K9/48 ,  G06T7/246 ,  G06T7/90 ,  G06T7/285 ,  H04N9/797 ,  G06K9/32 ,  G06T7/20 ,  G06T7/292 ,  B25J9/16 ,  G01B11/14 ,  G06T3/00

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus for tracking and discerning objects using their saliency. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the tracking of objects is based on a combination of object saliency and additional sources of signal about object identity. Under certain simplifying assumptions, the present disclosure allows for robust tracking of simple objects with limited processing resources. In one or more variants, efficient implementation of the methods described allow sensors (e.g., cameras) to be used on board a robot (or autonomous vehicle) on a mobile determining platform, such as to capture images to determine the presence and/or identity of salient objects. Such determination of salient objects allow for e.g., adjustments to vehicle or other moving object trajectory.

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