公开(公告)号：US20080231660A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-25

申请号：US11688871

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/14

CPC分类号： B41J2/14145

摘要： A printhead for an inkjet printer, that has a printhead integrated circuit with an array of nozzles for ejecting ink and a support structure for mounting the printhead IC within the printer. The support structure has ink conduits for supplying the array of nozzles with ink. Within the ink conduits is a weir formation to partially obstruct ink flow so that when priming the printhead, the weir formation preferentially primes an upstream section the ink conduit. Using a weir downstream of areas that have a propensity to prime incorrectly can force them to prime more quickly or in preference to downstream sections. As long as the downstream section is one that reliably primes, albeit delayed by the weir, there is no disadvantage to priming the upstream section in preference.

摘要翻译： 一种用于喷墨打印机的打印头，其具有打印头集成电路，其具有用于喷射墨水的喷嘴阵列和用于将打印头IC安装在打印机内的支撑结构。 支撑结构具有用于向喷嘴阵列供应墨水的墨水管道。 在油墨管道内部是堰形成以部分地阻碍油墨流动，使得当喷射打印头时，堰形成优先地向油墨导管的上游部分喷射。 使用倾向于不正确的区域的下游堰可以迫使他们更快地或优先于下游区段。 只要下游部分是能够可靠地引导的，尽管是由堰式延迟的，所以优先注入上游部分是没有缺点的。

公开(公告)号：US07942500B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-17

申请号：US12689981

申请日：2010-01-19

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/16

CPC分类号： B41J2/055 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/175 ,  B41J29/13 ,  B41J29/38 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14459 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20

摘要： A printhead is provided for an inkjet printer that has a print engine controller for receiving print data and sending it to the printhead. The printhead has a printhead IC for ejecting ink and a support structure for mounting the printhead IC in the printer adjacent a paper path. The printhead IC is mounted on a face of the support structure that, in use, faces the paper path. A flexible printed circuit board (flex PCB) that has contacts for receiving print data mounted to the support structure on a face that does not face the paper path. The bent section reduces the likelihood of trace cracking by holding the flex PCB at a set radius rather than allowing the flex to follow an irregular curve and thereby risking localized points of high stress on the traces.

摘要翻译： 为具有用于接收打印数据并将其发送到打印头的打印引擎控制器的喷墨打印机提供打印头。 打印头具有用于喷射墨水的打印头IC和用于将打印头IC安装在邻近纸路径的打印机中的支撑结构。 打印头IC安装在支撑结构的使用中面向纸路的面上。 一种柔性印刷电路板（flex PCB），其具有用于接收安装在不面向纸路径的面上的支撑结构上的打印数据的触点。 弯曲部分通过将柔性PCB保持在设定的半径而不是允许挠曲跟随不规则曲线，从而冒着高应力的局部点对迹线的风险来降低迹线开裂的可能性。

公开(公告)号：US20100149294A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-17

申请号：US12709505

申请日：2010-02-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/17

CPC分类号： B41J2/175 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/1707 ,  B41J2/17596 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20

摘要： An inkjet printer that has an elongate array of nozzles for ejecting ink, a plurality of ejection actuators, each configured to eject ink through one of the nozzles respectively, a plurality of ink conduits aligned with a longitudinal extent of the elongate array of nozzles, the ink conduits extending adjacent the elongate array for supplying the array of nozzles with ink and, a plurality of pulse dampers positioned along each of the ink conduits, each pulse damper being individually in fluid communication with one of the ink conduits and each containing a volume of gas for compression by pressure pulses in the ink conduits. A pressure pulse moving through an elongate printheads, such as a pagewidth printhead, can be damped at any point in the ink flow line. However, the pulse will cause nozzle flooding as it passes the nozzles in the printhead integrated circuit, regardless of whether it is subsequently dissipated at the damper. By incorporating a number of pulse dampers into the ink supply conduits immediately next to the nozzle array, any pressure spikes are damped at the site where they would otherwise cause detrimental flooding.

摘要翻译： 一种喷墨打印机，其具有用于喷射墨水的喷嘴的细长阵列，多个喷射致动器，每个喷射致动器被配置为分别通过其中一个喷嘴喷射墨;多个墨水导管，其与细长的喷嘴阵列对准， 墨水导管在细长阵列附近延伸，用于向喷嘴阵列供应墨水，以及沿着每个墨水管道定位的多个脉冲阻尼器，每个脉冲阻尼器单独地与一个墨水导管流体连通， 用于通过墨水管道中的压力脉冲压缩的气体。 通过诸如页宽打印头的细长打印头移动的压力脉冲可以在油墨流动线中的任何点被阻尼。 然而，当脉冲通过打印头集成电路中的喷嘴时，脉冲将引起喷嘴溢流，而不管其是否随后在阻尼器处消散。 通过将几个脉冲阻尼器并入紧邻喷嘴阵列的墨水供应管道中，任何压力尖峰在其他地方会被阻尼，否则会导致有害的淹水。

公开(公告)号：US20100118087A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

申请号：US12689981

申请日：2010-01-19

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/14

CPC分类号： B41J2/055 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/175 ,  B41J29/13 ,  B41J29/38 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14459 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20

摘要： A printhead is provided for an inkjet printer that has a print engine controller for receiving print data and sending it to the printhead. The printhead has a printhead IC for ejecting ink and a support structure for mounting the printhead IC in the printer adjacent a paper path. The printhead IC is mounted on a face of the support structure that, in use, faces the paper path. A flexible printed circuit board (flex PCB) that has contacts for receiving print data mounted to the support structure on a face that does not face the paper path. The bent section reduces the likelihood of trace cracking by holding the flex PCB at a set radius rather than allowing the flex to follow an irregular curve and thereby risking localized points of high stress on the traces.

摘要翻译： 为具有用于接收打印数据并将其发送到打印头的打印引擎控制器的喷墨打印机提供打印头。 打印头具有用于喷射墨水的打印头IC和用于将打印头IC安装在邻近纸路径的打印机中的支撑结构。 打印头IC安装在支撑结构的使用中面向纸路的面上。 一种柔性印刷电路板（flex PCB），其具有用于接收安装在不面向纸路径的面上的支撑结构上的打印数据的触点。 弯曲部分通过将柔性PCB保持在设定的半径而不是允许挠曲跟随不规则曲线，从而冒着高应力的局部点对迹线的风险来降低迹线开裂的可能性。

公开(公告)号：US20080273071A1

公开(公告)日：2008-11-06

申请号：US12103674

申请日：2008-04-15

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/175

CPC分类号： B41J2/155 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14491

摘要： The invention relates to a fluidic arrangement for a printer. The arrangement includes an ink tank for storing ink, and an ink distribution assembly in fluid communication with the ink tank for supplying printhead integrated circuits (ICs) positioned thereon with ink from the ink tank. The arrangement also includes a valve arranged in an ink line between the ink distribution assembly and the ink tank, said valve configured to isolate ink in the ink tank from the printhead ICs whenever the printer is powered down. Further included is a pump located downstream from the ink distribution assembly, and a sump arranged in fluid communication with the pump for receiving excess ink from the ink distribution assembly.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于打印机的流体装置。 该装置包括用于存储墨水的墨水盒和与油墨箱流体连通的墨水分配组件，用于从墨水罐供应印刷墨水的打印头集成电路（IC）。 该布置还包括布置在墨水分配组件和墨水盒之间的墨水线中的阀，所述阀被配置为每当打印机断电时将墨水罐中的墨水与打印头IC隔离。 进一步包括位于油墨分配组件下游的泵，以及与泵流体连通的贮槽，用于从油墨分配组件接收多余的油墨。

公开(公告)号：US20080230730A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-25

申请号：US11688867

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Micheal Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： F16K47/00

CPC分类号： B41J2/175 ,  B41J29/14 ,  B41J29/38

摘要： A detachable fluid coupling for connecting an inkjet printhead with an ink supply, the detachable coupling having a fixed valve member defining a valve seat, a sealing collar (146) for sealing engagement with the valve seat (148), a resilient sleeve (126) having one annular end fixed relative to the fixed valve member (128), and the other annular end engaging the sealing collar to bias it into sealing engagement with the valve seat. The coupling also having a conduit opening (150) that is movable relative to the fixed valve member for engaging the sealing collar (146) to unseal it from the valve seat. Unsealing the sealing collar from the valve seat compresses the resilient sleeve (126) such that an intermediate section of the sleeve displaces outwardly relative to the annular ends. With a resilient sleeve that buckles or folds outwardly, the diameter of the coupling is smaller that the conventional couplings that use an annular resilient element that biases the valve shut remaining residual tension. With a smaller outer diameter, the couplings for all the different ink colors can be positioned in a smaller more compact interface.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将喷墨打印头与墨水供应连接的可拆卸流体联接器，该可拆卸联接器具有限定阀座的固定阀构件，用于与阀座（148）密封接合的密封套环（146），弹性套筒（126） 具有相对于所述固定阀构件（128）固定的一个环形端，并且所述另一个环形端与所述密封套接合，以将其偏置成与所述阀座密封接合。 联接器还具有可相对于固定阀构件移动的导管开口（150），用于接合密封套环（146）以将其从阀座开封。 将密封套从阀座开封压缩弹性套筒（126），使得套筒的中间部分相对于环形端向外移位。 通过弹性套筒向外弯曲或折叠，联轴器的直径小于使用环形弹性元件的传统联轴器，该环形弹性元件偏压阀门关闭剩余的剩余张力。 具有更小的外径，用于所有不同墨水颜色的联轴器可以定位在更小更紧凑的界面中。

公开(公告)号：US07654640B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-02

申请号：US11688873

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/16

CPC分类号： B41J2/055 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/175 ,  B41J29/13 ,  B41J29/38 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14459 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20

摘要： A printhead for an inkjet printer, that has a printhead IC with an array of nozzles for ejecting ink and a support structure for mounting the printhead IC in the printer adjacent a paper path. The printhead IC is mounted on a face of the support structure that, in use, faces the paper path. A flexible printed circuit board (flex PCB) has drive circuitry for operating the array of nozzles on the printhead IC. The drive circuitry has circuit components connected by traces in the flex PCB, and contacts for receiving print data from the print engine controller. The flex PCB being mounted to the support structure at the contacts onto a face that does not face the paper path such that the flex PCB extends through a bent section between the printhead IC and the contacts. The printhead IC and the circuit components are adjacent each other and separated from the contacts by the bent section of the flex PCB. The bent section reduces the likelihood of trace cracking by holding the flex PCB at a set radius rather than allowing the flex to follow an irregular curve and thereby risking localized points of high stress on the traces.

摘要翻译： 一种用于喷墨打印机的打印头，其具有用于喷射墨水的喷嘴阵列的打印头IC和用于将打印头IC安装在邻近纸路径的打印机中的支撑结构。 打印头IC安装在支撑结构的使用中面向纸路的面上。 柔性印刷电路板（柔性PCB）具有用于操作打印头IC上的喷嘴阵列的驱动电路。 驱动电路具有通过柔性PCB中的迹线连接的电路部件和用于从打印引擎控制器接收打印数据的触点。 柔性印刷电路板在触点处被安装到支撑结构到不面向纸路径的表面上，使得柔性PCB延伸穿过打印头IC和触点之间的弯曲部分。 打印头IC和电路部件彼此相邻并且通过柔性PCB的弯曲部分与触点分离。 弯曲部分通过将柔性PCB保持在设定的半径而不是允许挠曲跟随不规则曲线，从而冒着高应力的局部点对迹线的风险来降低迹线开裂的可能性。

公开(公告)号：US07364265B1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-29

申请号：US11688866

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： B41J2/155

CPC分类号： B41J2/155 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14491

摘要： A printhead that has a printhead integrated circuit (IC) (68) which is elongate and has an array of nozzles for ejecting ink. The printhead also has a support structure 176 for supporting the printhead IC and having ink outlets 186 for supplying the array of nozzles with ink. The ink outlets are spaced along the printhead IC such that the ink outlet spacing (210, 212) decreases at the ends of the printhead IC. By increasing the number of ink outlets near the end regions, the ink supply is enhanced to compensate for the slower priming of the end nozzles. This, in turn, makes the whole nozzle array prime more consistently to avoid flooding and ink wastage from early priming nozzles (or alternatively, unprimed end nozzles).

摘要翻译： 具有打印头集成电路（IC）（68）的打印头，该打印头集成电路（68）是细长的并且具有用于喷射墨水的喷嘴阵列。 打印头还具有用于支撑打印头IC的支撑结构176，并且具有用于向喷嘴阵列供应墨水的墨水出口186。 墨水出口沿着打印头IC间隔开，使得墨水出口间隔（210,212）在打印头IC的端部处减小。 通过增加靠近端部区域的墨水出口的数量，墨水供应被增强以补偿端部喷嘴的较慢启动。 这反过来又使得整个喷嘴阵列更加一致地起始，以避免早期起动喷嘴（或者替代地，未喷射的端部喷嘴）的溢流和油墨浪费。

公开(公告)号：US20100221671A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-02

申请号：US12778931

申请日：2010-05-12

申请人： Nagesh Ramachandra ,  Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

发明人： Nagesh Ramachandra ,  Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichl

IPC分类号： G03F7/20

CPC分类号： B41J2/14008 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/1603 ,  B41J2/1629 ,  B41J2/1631 ,  B41J2/1707 ,  B41J2/175 ,  B41J2/17596 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20 ,  Y10T29/49002 ,  Y10T29/49401

摘要： A method of fabricating a film used in attaching a printhead integrated circuit to an ink supply manifold is disclosed. An adhesive polymeric film having a protective liner is provided. Photoresist is then deposited onto the protective liner, and the photoresist is photopatterned. Ink supply holes are etched through the adhesive polymeric film and the protective liner, with the photoresist acting as a mask for the etching. Finally, the protective liner including the photoresist is removed from the adhesive polymeric film after the etching step is complete.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种制造用于将打印头集成电路连接到供墨歧管的薄膜的方法。 提供了具有保护性衬垫的粘合性聚合物膜。 然后将光致抗蚀剂沉积到保护衬垫上，并且光致抗蚀剂被光刻图案化。 通过粘合聚合物膜和保护性衬垫蚀刻供墨孔，光致抗蚀剂用作蚀刻的掩模。 最后，在蚀刻步骤完成之后，从粘合聚合物膜上除去包括光致抗蚀剂的保护衬里。

公开(公告)号：US07475976B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-13

申请号：US11688865

申请日：2007-03-21

申请人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichi

发明人： Brian Robert Brown ,  Norman Michael Berry ,  Garry Raymond Jackson ,  Paul Timothy Sharp ,  John Douglas Peter Morgan ,  Kia Silverbrook ,  Akira Nakazawa ,  Michael John Hudson ,  Christopher Hibbard ,  Samuel George Mallinson ,  Paul Justin Reichi

IPC分类号： B41J2/17

CPC分类号： B41J2/055 ,  B41J2/14 ,  B41J2/155 ,  B41J2/1707 ,  B41J2/175 ,  B41J2/17596 ,  B41J2002/14362 ,  B41J2002/14419 ,  B41J2002/14491 ,  B41J2202/11 ,  B41J2202/19 ,  B41J2202/20

摘要： A printhead for an inkjet printer that has an elongate array of nozzles (68) for ejecting ink and ink conduits for supplying the array of nozzles with ink. The ink conduits extend adjacent the elongate array and have a plurality of pulse dampers individually in fluid communication with the ink conduits, each containing a volume of gas for compression by pressure pulses in the ink conduits, distributed along the length of the elongate array. A pressure pulse moving through an elongate printheads, such as a pagewidth printhead, can be damped at any point in the ink flow line. However, the pulse will cause nozzle flooding as it passes the nozzles in the printhead integrated circuit, regardless of whether it is subsequently dissipated at the damper. By incorporating a number of pulse dampers into the ink supply conduits immediately next to the nozzle array, any pressure spikes are damped at the site where they would otherwise cause detrimental flooding.

摘要翻译： 一种用于喷墨打印机的打印头，其具有用于喷射墨水的喷嘴的细长阵列（68）和用于向喷嘴阵列供应墨水的墨水导管。 墨水导管在细长阵列附近延伸并且具有单独与墨水导管流体连通的多个脉冲阻尼器，每个脉冲阻尼器包含一定体积的气体，用于沿着细长阵列的长度分布在墨水管道中的压力脉冲进行压缩。 通过诸如页宽打印头的细长打印头移动的压力脉冲可以在油墨流动线中的任何点被阻尼。 然而，当脉冲通过打印头集成电路中的喷嘴时，脉冲将引起喷嘴溢流，而不管其是否随后在阻尼器处消散。 通过将几个脉冲阻尼器并入紧邻喷嘴阵列的墨水供应管道中，任何压力尖峰在其他地方会被阻尼，否则会导致有害的淹水。