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公开(公告)号：US5340615A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-23
申请号：US69412
申请日：1993-06-01
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: A high temperature flame spray or plasma effects thermal spray impact of molten materials against a target area of a surface to be built up, which molten particles, when cooled, are in tension, and an impact fusion internal burner device producing a supersonic jet stream impacts thermal spray heated solid particles against the surface in the target area such that the high velocity of the individual solid particles are impact fused, causing compressive stresses to be set up in the fused solid particles. The individual particle tensile and compressive stresses cancel one another to form an overall essentially stress-free coating. The flame spray molten particles and the flame spray heated solid particles may impact the surface concurrently at a same impact point. Alternatively, thin separate layers of the molten particles and the heated solid particles are deposited on the surface to be built up and superimposed on each other such that the tensile and compressive stresses of the particles of respective superimposed layers cancel each other out.
Abstract translation: 高温火焰喷射或等离子体影响熔融材料对待建造的表面的目标区域的热喷涂冲击，当冷却时，熔融颗粒处于张紧状态，并且产生超音速喷射流的冲击熔融内部燃烧器装置影响 对目标区域中的表面进行热喷涂加热的固体颗粒，使得各个固体颗粒的高速度被冲击熔化，从而在熔融的固体颗粒中形成压应力。 单个颗粒的拉伸和压缩应力彼此抵消以形成基本上无应力的涂层。 火焰喷射熔融颗粒和火焰喷雾加热的固体颗粒可以在相同的冲击点处同时冲击表面。 或者，将熔融颗粒和加热的固体颗粒的薄的分开的层沉积在待堆叠的表面上并且彼此重叠，使得各个叠加层的颗粒的拉伸和压缩应力相互抵消。
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公开(公告)号：US5125828A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-30
申请号：US670834
申请日：1991-03-18
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: An internal burner for producing a subsonic air-fuel flame jet capable of flame finishing granite of similar hard stone has a body forming a closed combustion chamber fed with an essentially stoichiometric flow of compressed air and fuel such that upon ignition and combustion of the reactants, there is produced at pressures in excess of 30 psig hot products of combustion. A first nozzle within the body of relatively small diameter d.sub.1 at the exit end of the combustion chamber expands the products to supersonic velocity. A duct of sufficiently large diameter within the body downstream of the first nozzle and open thereto converts a jet of hot gases to subsonic velocity by shock action prior to discharging the hot gas products of combustion. A second nozzle having a large diameter d.sub.2 in excess of the diameter d.sub.1 of the first nozzle and open to the duct at the end opposite the first nozzle produces a subsonic flame jet to be directed against the rock surface.
Abstract translation: 用于生产具有类似硬石头的火焰整理花岗岩的亚音速空气燃料火焰喷射器的内部燃烧器具有形成封闭的燃烧室的主体，该燃烧室供给基本上化学计量的压缩空气和燃料流，使得在点燃和反应物燃烧时， 在超过30psig的热燃烧产物的压力下产生。 在燃烧室出口端的相对小直径d1的主体内的第一喷嘴使产品膨胀到超音速。 在第一喷嘴下游并且向其打开的体内具有足够大直径的管道，在排出燃烧的热气体产物之前，通过冲击作用将热气体射流转换成亚音速。 具有超过第一喷嘴的直径d1的大直径d2并且在与第一喷嘴相对的端部处对通道开口的第二喷嘴产生针对岩石表面的亚音速火焰喷射。
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公开(公告)号：US4788402A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US24485
申请日：1987-03-11
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
CPC classification number: B05B7/226 , B05B7/224 , C23C4/134 , H05H1/3405 , H05H2001/3468
Abstract: A high voltage, high current is applied between a cathode electrode and a conductive body forming a spray nozzle and acting as a second anode electrode aligned with the first electrode and being spaced therefrom. A vortex flow of plasma-producing gas is established within a cylindrical body carrying said electrode to create a low pressure core of gas flow extending through the anode passage to establish an extended ionized arc column throughout the anode passage with the rate of gas flow adjusted and the arc current correlated to the anode nozzle passage diameter to produce a supersonic extended ionized arc column which extends beyond the end of the nozzle by a distance which is approximately four times the nozzle passage diameter. Preferably the material to be sprayed is introduced into the extended ionized arc column beyond the end of the nozzle to maximize the spray rate without undesirably overheating the spray material.
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公开(公告)号：US3952723A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US549924
申请日：1975-02-14
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
CPC classification number: F03D9/001 , F03D9/006 , F05B2220/706 , Y02E10/725 , Y10S415/908
Abstract: A system for deriving useful energy from a windmill in which a liquid pump is driven by the windmill. Useful energy is obtained by either a fluid driven generator or a friction heater. The output of the pump and the speed of the windmill are controlled by a constant volume valve in the fluid circuit.
Abstract translation: 一种用于从风车中获取有用能量的系统，其中液体泵由风车驱动。 有用的能量通过流体驱动发电机或摩擦加热器获得。 泵的输出和风车的速度由流体回路中恒定体积的阀控制。
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公开(公告)号：US5531590A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US414780
申请日：1995-03-30
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: A supersonic flame jet device includes a body having an entry portion of relatively small cross-sectional area, an expanding supersonic nozzle section and a cylindrical duct of extended length connected in series with each other. In using the device, an oxidant at high pressure is introduced into the entry passage wherein the flow is increased to sonic velocity. The sonic velocity flow of oxidant is then introduced into the passage of expanding cross-section in the direction of the gas flow while introducing a fuel to be burned into the flow of the oxidant. The velocity of flow of the oxidant or the oxidant and the fuel is then increased to supersonic velocity prior to entry into the extended duct of constant cross-sectional area where a shock is produced to stabilize flame reactions along the extended duct length whereby a supersonic flame jet will exit the extended duct.
Abstract translation: 超音速火焰喷射装置包括具有相对小截面面积的入口部分的主体，扩展的超音速喷嘴部分和延伸长度的圆柱形管道彼此串联连接。 在使用该装置时，将高压氧化剂引入入口通道中，其中流量增加到声速。 然后将氧化剂的声速流动引入到气体流动方向上的膨胀横截面的通道中，同时将燃烧的燃料引入氧化剂流中。 然后，在进入产生冲击的恒定横截面积的延伸管道中，氧化剂或氧化剂和燃料的流动速度增加到超音速，以沿着延伸的管道长度稳定火焰反应，由此超音速火焰 射流将离开延长的管道。
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Patent Agency Ranking26.发明授权Extreme energy method for impacting abrasive particles against a surface to be treated 失效用于将磨料颗粒撞击待处理表面的极能法
公开(公告)号：US5283985A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US45229
申请日：1993-04-13
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: A fuel and oxygen mixture is combusted within an internal burner combustion chamber at temperatures ranging from 250 psi to 1,000 psi. The products of combustion are directed through a restricting nozzle throat and a supersonic expansion nozzle section into an elongated duct formed by an extended nozzle length. Abrasive particles are introduced into the supersonic flow jet stream near the entrance to the elongated duct to accelerate the particles to extreme velocity, with the combustion pressure maintained sufficiently high to limit the jet stream temperature to that which is insufficient throughout the elongated duct to raise the particle temperatures to the plastic point of the particle material. The temperature of the supersonic gas flow through the elongated duct may be reduced by the introduction of a cooling flow into the jet stream beyond the flow-restricting nozzle throat. The cooling flow may be a flow of water or other liquid coolant or cool compressed air.
Abstract translation: 燃料和氧气混合物在内部燃烧器燃烧室内燃烧，温度范围为250psi至1,000psi。 燃烧产物通过限制喷嘴喉部和超音速膨胀喷嘴部分引导成由延长的喷嘴长度形成的细长管道。 研磨颗粒被引入到细长管道入口附近的超音速流喷射流中，以将颗粒加速到极端速度，燃烧压力保持足够高，以将喷射流温度限制在整个细长管道中不足以提高 颗粒温度到颗粒材料的塑性点。 超声波气体流过细长导管的温度可以通过将冷却流引入超过流量限制喷嘴喉部的喷射流中来减少。 冷却流可以是水或其他液体冷却剂或冷却压缩空气的流动。
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27.发明授权Thermal spray method utilizing in-transit powder particle temperatures below their melting point 失效使用转运粉末颗粒温度低于其熔点的热喷涂法
公开(公告)号：US5271965A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-21
申请号：US740788
申请日：1991-08-06
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: A method of operation of a plasma torch, an internal burner or the like to produce a hot gas jet stream directed toward a workpiece to be coated by operating the plasma torch or internal burner at high pressure while feeding a powdered material to the stream to be heated by the stream and projected at high velocity onto a workpiece surface. The improvement resides in expansion of the hot gas prior to feeding of the particles into the jet stream thereby limiting the heating of the powdered material by the jet stream to that only sufficient to raise the temperature of the particles of the powdered material to a temperature lower than the melting point of the material, and maintaining the in-transit temperature of the particles to the workpiece below that melting point, while providing a sufficient velocity to the particles striking the workpiece to achieve an impact energy transformation into heat to raise the temperature of the particles to fusion temperature capable of fusing the material onto the workpiece surface as a dense coating.
Abstract translation: 一种等离子体焰炬，内部燃烧器等的操作方法，以通过在高压下操作等离子体焰炬或内部燃烧器来产生朝向待涂覆的工件的热气体射流，同时将粉末材料供给到流 被流加热并以高速度投影到工件表面上。 改进之处在于，在将颗粒进料到喷射流中之前，热气体的膨胀，从而将喷射流中的粉末材料的加热限制到足以使粉末材料的颗粒的温度升高到更低的温度 并且将颗粒保持在低于该熔点的工件的过渡温度，同时向撞击工件的颗粒提供足够的速度，以实现对热的冲击能量转化以提高温度 能够将材料作为致密涂层将材料熔合到工件表面上的熔化温度的颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US5120582A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US641958
申请日：1991-01-16
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
Abstract: A compressed air with or without water droplets in mist form and additional pure oxygen is passed over the radially exterior hot surfaces of an expansion nozzle having a L/D ratio of at least 3-to-1 and preferably surrounded by thermal insulation to enhance regenerative heat exchange between the expansion nozzle and the compressed air stream, as well as regenerative heat exchange with the exterior of a combustion chamber wall of an internal burner, also surrounded by thermal insulation prior to the compressed air entering the combustion chamber for ignition with a mixture of fuel. This permits large operating economics to be realized, reducing the need for expensive pure oxygen as the oxidant and permits the elimination of forced cooling by confined water flow for such internal burners.
Abstract translation: 具有或不具有雾状水滴的压缩空气和额外的纯氧通过L / D比至少为3比-1并且优选被热绝缘包围以增强再生的膨胀喷嘴的径向外部热表面 膨胀喷嘴和压缩空气流之间的热交换，以及在内部燃烧器的燃烧室壁的外部进行再生热交换，在被压缩空气进入燃烧室之前也被绝热包围，以便用混合物点燃 的燃料。 这允许实现大的操作经济性，减少对昂贵的纯氧作为氧化剂的需要，并且允许通过用于这种内部燃烧器的被限制的水流消除强制冷却。
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公开(公告)号：US4960458A
公开(公告)日：1990-10-02
申请号：US446359
申请日：1989-12-05
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
IPC: B05B7/20
CPC classification number: B05B7/203
Abstract: In a combustion of plasma flame spray apparatus a tightly-packed array of individual wires or rods is fed into and through the plasma flame to heat, atomize and project against a surface to build up a coating thereon. The individual wires may be arranged as parallel strands or twisted together to form a cable. The wires are of circular diameters, and the twisted array of wires may be held together by a cement which is consumed when passing through the flame region. The cement may constitute a pyrophoric mixture such as a sheath surrounding the array of wires and consist of a stoichiometric mixture of two reactive metals including nickel and aluminum which react to form a nickel-aluminide.
Abstract translation: 在等离子体火焰喷射装置的燃烧中，将紧密堆积的单个线或棒的阵列供入并通过等离子体火焰以加热，雾化并突出抵靠表面以在其上形成涂层。 单独的线可以被布置为平行线或扭绞在一起以形成电缆。 导线是圆形直径，并且绞合的线阵列可以通过当通过火焰区域时被消耗的水泥保持在一起。 水泥可以构成自燃混合物，例如包围电线阵列的护套，并由包含镍和铝的两种反应性金属的化学计量混合物组成，这些反应性金属反应形成镍铝化物。
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公开(公告)号：US4762977A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-09
申请号：US38569
申请日：1987-04-15
Applicant: James A. Browning
Inventor： James A. Browning
CPC classification number: H05H1/3405 , B05B7/224 , B05B7/226 , B23K9/296 , C23C4/134
Abstract: A method and apparatus for reliable flame spraying utilizes a transferred arc from a plasma torch as created between the cathode electrode coaxial with the plasma torch nozzle and the end of at least one wire or rod fed into the transferred arc axially beyond the exit of said plasma torch nozzle. A high velocity annular gaseous sheath is formed concentrically about the extended arc column to form an arc column guide to restrict the arc column to within a region closely spaced radially from the axial extension of the nozzle. A thin walled tube close to but radially outside of the arc column is affixed to but may be electrically insulated from the plasma torch body forming the torch nozzle. Gas flow is effected along at least the outer surface of the tube in the direction of the extended arc column such that the arc column cannot penetrate the sheath high velocity gas to cause the arc to extinguish itself when the wire or rod is withdrawn from the arc column region. Inner and outer flows may be used, of differing gas types. A secondary arc may be set up between the ends of two wires or rods being fed into the arc region and operated in parallel with primary transferred arc.
Abstract translation: 用于可靠的火焰喷射的方法和装置利用等离子体焰炬的转移电弧，其形成在与等离子体焰炬喷嘴同轴的阴极之间，以及供给到转移的电弧中的至少一根线或杆的端部，轴线超过所述等离子体的出口 手电筒喷嘴 高速环形气体护套围绕延伸的弧形柱同心地形成以形成弧形柱导向件，以将弧形柱限制在与喷嘴的轴向延伸部分径向紧密分布的区域内。 靠近弧形柱的径向外侧的薄壁管被固定，但可以与形成割炬喷嘴的等离子体焰炬电体电绝缘。 气体流动至少在管的外表面沿着延伸的弧形柱的方向进行，使得弧线不能穿透护套高速气体，从而当线或棒从电弧退出时使电弧自身熄灭 列区域。 可以使用不同气体类型的内部和外部流动。 可以在两个电线或棒的端部之间设置二次电弧，该电弧或棒被馈送到电弧区域中并且与主要转移电弧并联操作。
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