摘要:
Methods for accurate and conformal removal of atomic layers of materials make use of the self-limiting nature of adsorption of at least one reactant on the substrate surface. In certain embodiments, a first reactant is introduced to the substrate in step (a) and is adsorbed on the substrate surface until the surface is partially or fully saturated. A second reactant is then added in step (b), reacting with the adsorbed layer of the first reactant to form an etchant. The amount of an etchant, and, consequently, the amount of etched material is limited by the amount of adsorbed first reactant. By repeating steps (a) and (b), controlled atomic-scale etching of material is achieved. These methods may be used in interconnect pre-clean applications, gate dielectric processing, manufacturing of memory devices, or any other applications where removal of one or multiple atomic layers of material is desired.
摘要:
Improved methods for depositing low resistivity tungsten films are provided. The methods involve depositing a tungsten nucleation layer on a substrate and then depositing a tungsten bulk layer over the tungsten nucleation layer to form the tungsten film. The methods provide precise control of the nucleation layer thickness and improved step coverage. According to various embodiments, the methods involve controlling thickness and/or improving step coverage by exposing the substrate to pulse nucleation layer (PNL) cycles at low temperature. Also in some embodiments, the methods may improve resistivity by using a high temperature PNL cycle of a boron-containing species and a tungsten-containing precursor to finish forming the tungsten nucleation layer.
摘要:
A system to manage backup and recovery meta data. A database (54) including a schema (70) having a file table (72), a backup table (74), and a link table (76) stores the backup and recovery meta data. A computerized console portal system (30) then accepts instruction regarding the meta data from a computerized administrator system (24).
摘要:
Valved couplers and gas processing components particularly suitable for ultra-high purity gas distribution for use in semiconductor manufacturing. In the couplers, a valve stem/bullnose seals the aperture of the coupler immediately adjacent the exterior of the coupler, so that only a minimal amount of the wetted surface of the coupler is exposed to the external environment. A gas processing component (e.g., a filter), or an entire integrated gas stick assembly, may be sealed from the exterior environment at both its inlet and outlet sides, by these valved couplers. As a result, the entire device can be purged after manufacture and left in a controlled environment during shipment and installation, reducing the need for purging after installation.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for compressing gas refrigerant using two different compressors operated alternatively in a series or parallel mode for obtaining two different compression ratios and thereby provide efficient operation for both a relatively lower suction pressure and a relatively higher suction pressure. This system avoids an unbalanced mass flow rate when the compressors are operated in series by unloading a downstream one of the compressors. When operated in the series mode, refrigerant is bypassed back to a suction inlet of the downstream compressor during a portion of a compression stroke of the downstream compressor for equalizing the mass flow rate through the two compressors.