公开(公告)号：US07535502B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-19

申请号：US10613830

申请日：2003-07-03

申请人： Roberto Rambaldi ,  Marco Tartagni ,  Alan H. Kramer

发明人： Roberto Rambaldi ,  Marco Tartagni ,  Alan H. Kramer

IPC分类号： H04N9/64

CPC分类号： H04N5/367 ,  H04N5/374

摘要： Disclosed is a fault tolerant CMOS image sensor that includes circuitry for identifying defective pixels and masking them during image generation. Masking may involve, in one example, replacing the output of a given pixel with an average of the output of surrounding non-faulty pixels. Thus, while image sensors may be fabricated with some number of faulty pixels, the images produced by such sensors will not have undesirable bright or dark spots. The disclosed sensor includes (a) one or more pixels (active or passive) capable of providing outputs indicative of a quantity of radiation to which each of the one or more pixels has been exposed; and (b) one or more circuit elements electrically coupled to the one or more pixels and configured to identify and correct faulty pixels in the CMOS imager. The one more pixels each include a photodiode diffusion formed in a well and a tap to power or ground also formed in the well. The disclosed sensor also identifies pixels that were initially acceptable but later became defective. The newly defective pixels so identified may then be masked to thereby increase the CMOS detector lifetime.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种容错CMOS图像传感器，其包括用于识别缺陷像素并在图像生成期间对其进行掩蔽的电路。 在一个示例中，掩蔽可以包括用周围的非故障像素的输出的平均值代替给定像素的输出。 因此，虽然图像传感器可以被制造成具有若干数量的有缺陷的像素，但由这种传感器产生的图像将不会有不期望的明亮或暗点。 所公开的传感器包括（a）能够提供指示一个或多个像素中的每一个已被暴露的辐射量的输出的一个或多个像素（有源或无源） 和（b）一个或多个电路元件，其电耦合到所述一个或多个像素并且被配置为识别和校正所述CMOS成像器中的有缺陷的像素。 每一个像素都包括在阱中形成的光电二极管扩散器和也形成在阱中的电源或接地的抽头。 所公开的传感器还识别最初可接受但后来变得有缺陷的像素。 然后可以掩蔽如此识别的新缺陷像素，从而增加CMOS检测器的寿命。

公开(公告)号：US06998855B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-14

申请号：US10829403

申请日：2004-04-20

申请人： Marco Tartagni

发明人： Marco Tartagni

IPC分类号： G01R27/26

CPC分类号： G01B7/004 ,  G01B7/023 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G06K9/0002

摘要： A distance sensor has a capacitive element in turn having a first plate which is positioned facing a second plate whose distance is to be measured. In the case of fingerprinting, the second plate is defined directly by the skin surface of the finger being printed. The sensor includes an inverting amplifier, between the input and output of which the capacitive element is connected to form a negative feedback branch. By supplying an electric charge step to the input of the inverting amplifier, a voltage step directly proportional to the distance being measured is obtained at the output.

摘要翻译： 距离传感器具有电容元件，其依次具有第一板，该第一板被定位成面对要测量其距离的第二板。 在指纹的情况下，第二个板被被打印的手指的皮肤表面直接限定。 该传感器包括反相放大器，在其输入和输出之间电容元件连接以形成负反馈支路。 通过向反相放大器的输入端提供电荷步骤，在输出端获得与测量距离成正比的电压阶跃。

公开(公告)号：US20050014146A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-20

申请号：US10486229

申请日：2002-08-07

申请人： Nicolo Manaresi ,  Gianni Medoro ,  Luigi Altomare ,  Marco Tartagni ,  Roberto Guerrieri

发明人： Nicolo Manaresi ,  Gianni Medoro ,  Luigi Altomare ,  Marco Tartagni ,  Roberto Guerrieri

IPC分类号： B03C5/00 ,  G01N33/543 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01F1/64 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N33/50 ,  G01N33/53

CPC分类号： B03C5/005 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N2500/00

摘要： A method whereby first biological entities are recognized by way of second biological entities able to bind to the first (or the first to the second), including the steps of binding first biological entities to a surface comprising an array of first electrodes selectively energizable and addressable at least in part, positioned facing at least one second electrode, bringing the second biological entities into contact with the first, these second biological entities and possibly the first being moved by means of dielectrophoretic cages generated between the electrodes, and sensing any binding activity between at least a portion of the first and of the second biological entities, preferably utilizing radiation at a first frequency to excite fluorophore groups bound to the second biological entities and detecting the emission of fluorescence at a second frequency by means of optical sensors integrated into the electrodes, the biological entities preferably being concentrated on the electrodes by the fusion of dielectrophoretic cages.

摘要翻译： 一种方法，其中第一生物实体通过能够结合第一（或第一至第二）的第二生物实体识别，包括将第一生物实体结合到包括选择性可激发和可寻址的第一电极阵列的表面的步骤 至少部分地定位成面向至少一个第二电极，使得所述第二生物实体与所述第一，所述第二生物实体接触，并且可能的第一生物体可能通过在所述电极之间产生的介电电泳笼而移动，并且感测所述第二生物体之间的任何结合活性 所述第一和第二生物实体的至少一部分优选利用第一频率的辐射来激发与第二生物实体结合的荧光团，并且通过集成到电极中的光学传感器检测第二频率的荧光发射 生物实体优选集中在电极上 通过介电电泳笼的融合。

公开(公告)号：US06504572B2

公开(公告)日：2003-01-07

申请号：US08964762

申请日：1997-11-05

申请人： Alan H. Kramer ,  Roberto Rambaldi ,  Marco Tartagni

发明人： Alan H. Kramer ,  Roberto Rambaldi ,  Marco Tartagni

IPC分类号： H04N314

CPC分类号： H04N5/367 ,  H04N5/374

摘要： Disclosed is a CMOS image sensor that includes circuitry for identifying defective pixels, particularly pixels having leaky access switches. The leaky access switches allow charge to escape from the pixel over a row or column line in a pixel array, thereby corrupting the outputs of an entire row or column of pixels. A disclosed test involves (a) electronically setting a defined charge in a selected pixel of the CMOS imager; (b) reading the output of the selected pixel; and (c) comparing the output of the selected pixel to an expected value based upon the defined charge set in the selected pixels. If the output significantly deviates from the expected value, then the selected pixel is identified as having a leaky access switch. Preferably, a newly fabricated sensor is first tested as described. If such leaky access switch is discovered, the imager is discarded without incurring further manufacturing cost. If, on the other hand, the imager is not found to contain a leaky access switch, it may packaged and then subjected to an optical test.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种CMOS图像传感器，其包括用于识别缺陷像素的电路，特别是具有泄漏接入开关的像素。 泄漏的访问开关允许电荷从像素阵列中的行或列线上的像素逸出，从而破坏整个像素行或列的输出。 公开的测试涉及（a）在CMOS成像器的选定像素中电子地设定定义的电荷; （b）读取所选像素的输出; 以及（c）基于所选择的像素中设定的定义的电荷，将所选像素的输出与预期值进行比较。 如果输出显着偏离预期值，则所选择的像素被识别为具有泄漏接入开关。 优选地，如上所述首先测试新制造的传感器。 如果发现这种泄漏接入交换机，则丢弃该成像器而不会产生进一步的制造成本。 另一方面，如果没有发现成像器含有泄漏接入开关，则可以对其进行打包，然后进行光学测试。