公开(公告)号：US06327859B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09589669

申请日：2000-06-07

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: F01B2104

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: The use of newly discovered chemical reaction products, created when reactants combine to form products on the surface of a catalyst, to generate electricity, beams of radiation or mechanical motion. The invention also provides methods to convert the products into electricity or motion. The electric generator consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate consisting of a semiconductor diode, and a semiconductor diode on the surface of the substrate near the catalyst. The device to generate mechanical motion consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate, and a hydraulic fluid in contact with the non-reaction side of the substrate, with the surfaces of both the catalyst and substrate mechanically formed to enhance the unidirectional forces on the fluid. Both devices use a fuel-oxidizer mixture brought in contact with the catalyst. The apparatus converts a substantial fraction of the reaction product energy into useful work during the brief interval before such products equilibrate with their surroundings.

公开(公告)号：US08829325B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13397618

申请日：2012-02-15

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30 ,  H02N11/00 ,  H01L29/66

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US20120196196A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-02

申请号：US13442373

申请日：2012-04-09

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01M8/22 ,  H01M10/44

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01M14/00 ,  H01M14/005 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/0421 ,  H01S5/14

Abstract: A method and a device for converting energy uses chemical reactions in close proximity to or on a surface to convert a substantial fraction of the available chemical energy of the shorter lived energized products, such as vibrationally excited chemicals and hot electrons, directly into a useful form, such as longer lived charge carriers in a semiconductor. The carriers store the excitation energy in a form that may be converted into other useful forms, such as electricity, nearly monochromatic electromagnetic radiation or carriers for stimulating other surface reactions.

Abstract translation: 用于转换能量的方法和装置使用靠近表面或在表面上的化学反应，以将较短寿命通电产物（例如振动激发的化学物质和热电子）的可用化学能的大部分转化成有用的形式 ，例如半导体中较长寿命的载流子。 载体以可转化为其他有用形式的形式存储激发能，例如电，近似单色的电磁辐射或用于刺激其它表面反应的载体。

公开(公告)号：US20120160289A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-28

申请号：US13397618

申请日：2012-02-15

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US20100132754A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-03

申请号：US12650841

申请日：2009-12-31

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US07371962B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-13

申请号：US10759341

申请日：2004-01-16

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  H02N1/00 ,  F15B21/12

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  H01L29/861 ,  H02N2/186 ,  H02S99/00

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US07208767B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-24

申请号：US10052004

申请日：2002-01-17

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L27/15

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  H01L29/86 ,  H01M14/00 ,  H01M14/005 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/042 ,  H01S5/0421 ,  H01S5/14

Abstract: A method and a device for converting energy uses chemical reactions in close proximity to or on a surface to convert a substantial fraction of the available chemical energy of the shorter lived energized products, such as vibrationally excited chemicals and hot electrons, directly into a useful form, such as longer lived charge carriers in a semiconductor. The carriers store the excitation energy in a form that may be converted into other useful forms, such as electricity, nearly monochromatic electromagnetic radiation or carriers for stimulating other surface reactions.

Abstract translation: 用于转换能量的方法和装置使用靠近表面或在表面上的化学反应，以将较短寿命通电产物（例如振动激发的化学物质和热电子）的可用化学能的大部分转化成有用的形式 ，例如半导体中较长寿命的载流子。 载体以可转化为其他有用形式的形式存储激发能，例如电，近似单色的电磁辐射或用于刺激其它表面反应的载体。

公开(公告)号：US07119272B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-10

申请号：US10625801

申请日：2003-07-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/00 ,  B01J19/08

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  F02M27/00 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02N11/002 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extracting energy is provided. In one aspect the method includes using chemical reactions to generate vibrationally excited molecules, such as high-quantum-number-vibrationally-excited gas molecules in a region. The vibration energy in the vibrationally excited molecules is converted into hot electrons when the excited molecules contact a conductor. A geometry is provided so that the excited molecules may travel, diffuse or wander into a conductor before loosing a useful fraction of the vibrational energy. Optionally, the generating and the converting process may be thermally separated, at least in part. The short lived hot electrons are converted into longer lived entities such as carriers and potentials in a semiconductor, where the energy is converted into a useful form.

公开(公告)号：US06678305B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09691948

申请日：2000-10-19

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01S3095

CPC classification number: H01S3/22 ,  B01J23/34 ,  B01J23/40 ,  C01B3/386 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01S3/095 ,  H01S3/0953 ,  H01S3/223 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: An energy converter reacts hydrocarbons and air on a catalyst configuration to produce a population inversion. A photovoltaic system may extract the radiating energy, and a laser system may extract a significant fraction of the reaction energy in the form of coherent radiation. The flooding of the catalyst adsorption sites with fuel and the choice of catalyst predisposes the adsorbing oxygen molecules to create mono-atomic oxygen hot-atoms, which deposit the considerable energy of oxygen adsorption directly into a reaction channel of adjacent, adsorbed and simple fuel radicals, thereby producing simple, energetic product molecules, concentrating the energy in one or a few modes, and strongly favoring inverted populations. A solid state method to stimulate precursor chemisorbed specie dissociation accelerates the reaction rates, providing a method to greatly intensify pulsed power output, increase efficiency, and to facilitate nano-scale and micro-scale thermal energy heat rejection processes.

Abstract translation: 能量转换器对催化剂构型上的碳氢化合物和空气进行反应以产生群体反演。 光伏系统可以提取辐射能量，并且激光系统可以以相干辐射的形式提取大部分反应能量。 具有燃料的催化剂吸附位置的淹没和催化剂的选择倾向于吸附氧分子以产生单原子氧热原子，其将相当大的氧吸附能量直接沉积到相邻，吸附和简单的燃料自由基的反应通道中 ，从而产生简单，精力充沛的产品分子，将能量集中在一种或几种模式中，并强烈反对倒置人群。 刺激前体化学吸附物种离解的固态方法加速了反应速率，提供了一种大大加强脉冲功率输出，提高效率，以及促进纳米尺度和微尺度热能散热过程的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06649823B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US10142684

申请日：2002-05-10

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L3100

CPC classification number: H01L29/66 ,  F02M27/00 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02N11/002 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An apparatus and method for extracting energy is provided. In one aspect the method includes using chemical reactions to generate vibrationally excited molecules, such as high-quantum-number-vibrationally-excited gas molecules in a region. The vibration energy in the vibrationally excited molecules is converted into hot electrons when the excited molecules contact a conductor. A geometry is provided so that the excited molecules may travel, diffuse or wander into a conductor before loosing a useful fraction of the vibrational energy. Optionally, the generating and the converting process may be thermally separated, at least in part. The short lived hot electrons are converted into longer lived entities such as carriers and potentials in a semiconductor, where the energy is converted into a useful form.