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公开(公告)号：US09857497B2
公开(公告)日：2018-01-02
申请号：US13574577
申请日：2010-01-22
申请人： Michael S. Bittar , Gary Weaver , Vadim Minosvan
发明人： Michael S. Bittar , Gary Weaver , Vadim Minosvan
CPC分类号： G01V3/20 , B23P15/28 , E21B10/00 , E21B47/01 , E21B47/102
摘要： During drilling of an earth borehole, resistance measurements may be made at the drill bit through use of a bottom hole assembly that includes a drill bit having a sensor, such as an electrode, located generally at an exterior surface of the drill bit. The current will be induced in the formation from multiple transmitters, at least one of which will be supported on, or very close to the drill bit. Connection mechanisms are described that enable the releasable engagement of electrical conductors to circuitry within the drill bits. The obtained resistivity measurements at the drill bit can be used for many purposes, including formation imaging and geosteering of the drilling operation.
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公开(公告)号：US09846253B2
公开(公告)日：2017-12-19
申请号：US13820659
申请日：2010-11-12
摘要： Various embodiments include apparatus and methods to operate with respect to environmental measurements. Apparatus and methods include a processing unit to generate a ratio from signals measured relating to an underground environment and to determine parameters of the underground environment based on the generated ratio.
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公开(公告)号：US09829600B2
公开(公告)日：2017-11-28
申请号：US13981547
申请日：2011-01-25
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , G01R27/2611 , G01V3/08 , G01V3/10 , G01V3/30
摘要： Various embodiments include apparatus and methods to operate an induction measurement process in a borehole that addresses direct coupling of a signal between sensors of a measuring tool. Apparatus and methods can include a processing unit to generate formation parameters from signals received in the measurement tool. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US09310508B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-12
申请号：US13521769
申请日：2010-06-29
IPC分类号： E21B7/04 , G01V3/12 , G01V3/30 , E21B47/0228 , E21B47/092 , G01V3/38
摘要： Various logging-while-drilling (LWD) systems and methods provide resistivity logging coupled with deep detection of elongated anomalies at acute angles, enabling effective geosteering without disrupting drilling operations and without requiring intervention in the operations of the existing well. One LWD system embodiment employs a tool having tilted antennas as the transmitter and the receiver, where at least one of the antennas is placed in the vicinity of the bit, making it possible to detect existing wells at distances of 50-100 feet. In some cases, the detection distance is increased by enhancing the visibility of the existing well using a contrast fluid treatment on target well, either to fill the bore or to surround the well with treated cement or fluids that invade the formation. At least one inversion method separates the inversion of formation parameters from the inversion of parameters specifying distance, direction, and orientation of the existing well.
摘要翻译： 各种采伐钻井（LWD）系统和方法提供电阻率测井，以及在锐角处深长检测细长异常，从而有效地理转向，而不会中断钻井作业，而不需要干预现有井的作业。 一个LWD系统实施例采用具有倾斜天线的工具作为发射器和接收器，其中至少一个天线被放置在钻头的附近，使得可以检测距离为50-100英尺的现有井。 在某些情况下，通过使用目标井上的造影剂处理来增强现有井的可视性来增加检测距离，以填充孔或围绕侵入地层的经处理的水泥或流体围绕井。 至少一个反演方法将地层参数的反演与指定现有井的距离，方向和方向的参数反演相分离。
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25.发明授权Antenna coupling component measurement tool having a rotating antenna configuration 有权具有旋转天线配置的天线耦合部件测量工具公开(公告)号：US09157315B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-13
申请号：US13588739
申请日：2012-08-17
IPC分类号： G01V3/30 , G01V3/28 , E21B47/024
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B47/024 , G01B7/30 , G01V3/34
摘要： Disclosed herein are electromagnetic resistivity logging systems and methods that employ an antenna configuration having at most two transmitter or receiver antenna orientations that rotate relative to the borehole. The measurements made by this reduced-complexity antenna configuration enable the determination of at least seven components of a coupling matrix, which may be determined using a linear system of equations that express the azimuthal dependence of the measurements. For increased reliability, measurement averaging may be performed in azimuthally spaced bins. The coupling matrix components can then be used as the basis for determining logs of various formation parameters, including vertical resistivity and anisotropy.
摘要翻译： 这里公开的电磁波测井系统和方法采用具有相对于钻孔旋转的至多两个发射器或接收器天线方向的天线配置。 通过这种降低复杂度的天线配置进行的测量使得能够确定耦合矩阵的至少七个分量，其可以使用表达测量的方位依赖性的线性方程组来确定。 为了增加可靠性，可以在方位分隔的箱中进行测量平均。 然后可以将耦合矩阵分量用作确定各种地层参数的测井的基础，包括垂直电阻率和各向异性。
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公开(公告)号：US08957683B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-17
申请号：US13128676
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Michael S. Bittar , Jing Li
发明人： Michael S. Bittar , Jing Li
摘要： Disclosed dielectric logging tools and methods employ three or more receive horn antennas positioned between at least two transmit antennas, which can also be horn antennas. The logging tools can operate in the range between 100 MHz and 10 GHz to provide logs of formation permittivity, formation conductivity, standoff distance, and electrical properties of material in the standoff gap. Logs of water-saturated porosity and/or oil movability can be readily derived. The presence of additional receive antennas offers a significantly extended operating range, additional depths of investigation, increased measurement accuracy, and further offers compensation for tool standoff and mudcake effects. In both wireline and logging while drilling embodiments, at least some disclosed dielectric logging tools employ a set of three axially-spaced receive antennas positioned between pairs of axially-spaced transmit antennas. At least some disclosed methods employ absolute amplitude and phase measurements in response to alternate firings of the transmit antennas.
摘要翻译： 公开的介电测井工具和方法采用位于至少两个发射天线之间的三个或更多个接收喇叭天线，其也可以是喇叭天线。 测井工具可以在100MHz和10GHz之间的范围内工作，以提供隔离间隙中的地层介电常数，地层导电率，间隔距离和材料的电性能。 可以容易地得出水饱和孔隙率和/或油移动性的对数。 附加接收天线的存在提供了显着延长的操作范围，附加的调查深度，增加的测量精度，并进一步提供刀具间隔和泥饼效应的补偿。 在钻井实施例的同时进行电缆和测井同时，至少一些公开的介质测井工具采用位于轴向间隔的发射天线对之间的一组三个轴向间隔的接收天线。 至少一些公开的方法响应于发射天线的替代发射采用绝对幅度和相位测量。
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公开(公告)号：US08917094B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-23
申请号：US13106032
申请日：2011-05-12
申请人： Michael S. Bittar , Jing Li
发明人： Michael S. Bittar , Jing Li
摘要： Downhole tools and techniques acquire information regarding nearby conductors such as pipes, well casing, and conductive formations. At least some method embodiments provide a current flow along a drill string in a borehole. The current flow disperses into the surrounding formation and causes a secondary current flow in the nearby conductor. The magnetic field from the secondary current flow can be detected using one or more azimuthally-sensitive antennas. Direction and distance estimates may be obtainable from the azimuthally-sensitive measurements, and can be used as the basis for steering the drillstring relative to the distant conductor. Possible techniques for providing current flow in the drillstring include imposing a voltage across an insulated gap or using a toroid around the drillstring to induce the current flow.
摘要翻译： 井下工具和技术获取有关附近导体（例如管道，井套管和导电地层）的信息。 至少一些方法实施例提供沿钻孔中的钻柱的电流。 电流流向周围的地层，并在附近的导体中产生二次电流。 可以使用一个或多个方位角敏感天线来检测来自次级电流的磁场。 方向和距离估计可以从方位角敏感测量中获得，并且可以用作相对于远距离导体转向钻柱的基础。 在钻柱中提供电流的可能技术包括在绝缘间隙上施加电压，或者在钻柱周围使用环形线来引起电流。
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公开(公告)号：US20140032116A1
公开(公告)日：2014-01-30
申请号：US14111963
申请日：2011-04-18
IPC分类号： G01V3/30
摘要： Disclosed herein are multicomponent borehole radar tools and methods. At least some tool embodiments employ at least two antennas that receive reflections of electromagnetic pulses transmitted from the tool. A processor processes the receive signals to identify reflection signals and to determine a direction and/or distance to the sources of the reflection signals. Possible sources include formation boundaries, fluid boundaries, cased wells, and other features that cause contrasts in electromagnetic properties. In addition to reflection signals, the measured responses may include direct signal measurements that are useful for determining formation resistivity and permittivity. Each of the antennas may transmit and receive, and they may be collocated to reduce tool size and reduce processing complexity. Disclosed logging tool examples employ both electric and magnetic dipole antennas.
摘要翻译： 这里公开了多组分钻孔雷达工具和方法。 至少一些工具实施例采用接收从工具传送的电磁脉冲的反射的至少两个天线。 处理器处理接收信号以识别反射信号并确定与反射信号源的方向和/或距离。 可能的来源包括地层边界，流体边界，套管井以及引起电磁特性对比的其他特征。 除了反射信号之外，所测量的响应可以包括用于确定地层电阻率和介电常数的直接信号测量。 每个天线可以发送和接收，并且它们可以并置以减少工具尺寸并降低处理复杂性。 公开的测井工具示例采用电偶极天线和磁偶极天线。
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公开(公告)号：US08593147B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-26
申请号：US12373558
申请日：2007-08-08
申请人： Michael S. Bittar
发明人： Michael S. Bittar
CPC分类号： G01V3/28 , E21B47/026 , G01V1/28 , G01V3/30 , G01V2210/54
摘要： Systems and methods are disclosed for reducing boundary-related artifacts in logs taken from resistivity logging tools. Such tools often exhibit “horns” at boundaries between formation beds having different resistivities. A boundary indicator signal serves to identify the location of these boundaries. When derived from an azimuthally-sensitive resistivity tool, the bed boundary indicator may have a magnitude and shape that serves to nearly eliminate the horns even in high-dip angle environments. Logs that are processed to eliminate these artifacts are expected to be more accurate and thus easier to interpret.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于减少从电阻率测井工具采伐的原木中的边界相关伪像的系统和方法。 这种工具在具有不同电阻率的地层之间的边界处经常显示“角”。 边界指示符信号用于识别这些边界的位置。 当从方位敏感电阻率工具得出时，床边界指示器可以具有大小和形状，即使在大倾角环境中也可以几乎消除喇叭。 被处理以消除这些伪影的日志预计将更准确，因此更容易解读。
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公开(公告)号：US08347985B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US12679502
申请日：2008-04-25
IPC分类号： E21B47/00
CPC分类号： E21B47/0905
摘要： Multimodal geosteering systems and methods are disclosed. Some disclosed tool embodiments include first and second transmitter-receiver arrangements that make geosteering measurements using different forms of energy (such as acoustic and electromagnetic energy) to provide geosteering measurements that at least indicate a boundary direction but may also indicate a boundary distance. Some disclosed method embodiments include: determining a direction to a bed boundary using measurements with different energy types; and adjusting a drilling direction based at least in part on said determination. Combinations of (or selections between) the different measurements may be made based on, inter alia, measurement range, resolution, and contrast. Some disclosed system embodiments include a memory and a processor. The memory stores geosteering display software that configures the processor to generate an image with different regions based on the different types of geosteering measurements. Characteristics such as opacity, resolution, and intensity may visually distinguish the different regions.
摘要翻译： 公开了多模式地质导向系统和方法。 一些公开的工具实施例包括使用不同形式的能量（例如声学和电磁能量）进行地理导向测量的第一和第二发射器 - 接收器布置，以提供至少指示边界方向但也可以指示边界距离的地质导向测量。 一些公开的方法实施例包括：使用具有不同能量类型的测量来确定床边界的方向; 以及至少部分地基于所述确定来调整钻孔方向。 可以基于测量范围，分辨率和对比度来进行不同测量之间的（或选择）的组合。 一些公开的系统实施例包括存储器和处理器。 存储器存储地理导向显示软件，其基于不同类型的地质导向测量来配置处理器以生成具有不同区域的图像。 诸如不透明度，分辨率和强度的特征可以在视觉上区分不同的区域。
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