摘要:
An illumination optical system for illuminating an illuminated surface using light from a light source includes a first diffraction optical element upon which the light from the light source is incident, and a second diffraction optical element upon which the light from the light source is incident, wherein the light from the first diffraction optical element forms a first part of an illumination distribution on a predetermined surface that substantially has a Fourier transform relationship with the illuminated surface, and the light from the second diffraction optical element forms a second part of the illumination distribution.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a plate type heat exchanger having a heat exchange element composed of two plates for exchanging heat between a fluid flowing inside the heat exchange element and a fluid flowing outside the heat exchange element. In the plate type heat exchanger, the two plates (1) have a plurality of depressions (8), and the depressions are brought into contact with and bonded to each other. Peripheral portions of the plates are sealed to form a space in which a fluid flows and constitute a heat exchange element (2) having opening portions (5, 6) at both ends thereof. The heat exchange elements (2) are piled on and bonded to each other so that the opening portions (5, 6) communicate with each other.
摘要:
An exposure method for transferring a device pattern to a resist, wherein the device pattern includes a first element and a second element having a linewidth narrower than the first element. The method includes a first exposure step for exposing the resist by use of an interference fringe, produced by interference of two light beams, through an exposure amount substantially not greater than a threshold of the resist, and a second exposure step for exposing the resist with a light pattern related to the first and second elements. A light component, of the light pattern, related to the first element bears an exposure amount greater than the threshold, a light component, of the light pattern, related to the second element bears an exposure amount not greater than the threshold and is to be combined with light in a portion of the interference fringe, and a sum of the exposure amount of the light component related to the second element and an exposure amount provided by the light in the portion of the interference fringe is greater than the threshold.
摘要:
An illumination optical system for use in an exposure apparatus for projecting a pattern of a mask onto a substrate. The illumination system includes a first beam shape changing optical system for transforming a light, supplied from a light source, into a slit-like light of an oblong shape, and a second beam shape changing optical system for transforming the slit-like light of oblong shape into a slit-like light of an arcuate shape, the second beam shape changing optical system having a prism element. The mask is illuminated with the slit-like light of arcuate shape.
摘要:
A projection exposure apparatus, having a multiple exposure mode, for projecting a pattern of a mask onto a wafer. In the apparatus, an illumination system illuminates the mask and a projection system supplies into an optical path a filter which blocks a zero-order light beam of diffracted light projected from the mask. An exposure step in the mode of multiple exposure is performed in a state in which the filter has been supplied into the optical path.
摘要:
A focusing method is disclosed wherein a substrate is moved substantially along a focal plane of a projection optical system up to a predetermined station adjacent to the focal plane of the projection optical system and then, at the predetermined station, the surface of the substrate is brought into substantial coincidence with the focal plane of the projection optical system. The method includes the steps of detecting a deviation of the surface of the substrate with respect to the focal plane of the projection optical system, before the substrate, being moved substantially along the focal plane of the projection optical system, is moved up to the predetermined station; and substantially correcting the deviation on the basis of the detection.
摘要:
An optical system is arranged so that a scanning light beam for scanning a first region to be inspected and a scanning light beam for scanning a second region to be inspected are not simultaneously incident upon an object to be inspected. This prevents an adverse influence on the inspection caused by flare light generated when one scanning light beam is incident upon an edge of the object and is received by a light-receiving optical system for the region to be inspected scanned by another scanning light beam. The system includes two polygon mirrors provided as one body in an optical system at a position for projecting the light beams so that the distance between a focus point of the light beam projected on the lower surface of the object and a focus point of the light beam projected on the upper surface of the object in the beam scanning direction is greater than the width of the object in the beam scanning direction. As a result, the two light beams are alternately incident upon the object.
摘要:
Step-and-repeat exposure apparatus for printing, by way of a projection optical system, images of a pattern formed on a reticle upon different portions of a semiconductor wafer, placed on a movable stage, is disclosed. On the portion of the movable stage other than the portion upon which the semiconductor wafer is placed, an erasably writable recording medium such as, for example, a magneto-optic recording material or a photochromic material is provided. An image of a mark of a reticle is formed on the recording medium by use of the projection optical system, the thus formed image being photoelectrically detected. From the result of the detection, alignment information concerning, for example, a magnification error, a focus error, a positional error between the reticle and the wafer, for example is obtained.
摘要:
An apparatus usable with an object having a surface with a pattern, for examining the state of the surface, includes a projecting system for directing a light beam to the surface of the object, and a collecting system for collecting scattered light from the surface of the object. A projection of the optical axis of the collecting system onto the surface of the object extends in a direction different from a projection onto the surface of the object of a major portion of light diffracted from the pattern. A light-receiving unit receives the scattered light as collected by the collecting system and for producing an output corresponding to the state of the surface of the object.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus and method for irradiating a mask having a circuit pattern with light emitted from an intermittently emitting type light source so that the mask pattern is photolithographically transferred onto a semiconductor wafer, wherein the output of the intermittent-emission type light source is detected prior to the photolithographic transfer of the mask pattern onto the wafer and, in accordance with the result of such detection, the amount of exposure of the wafer to the light beam from the mask is controlled.