Abstract:
An apparatus for producing formate from carbon dioxide includes a reactor (115) that is configured to receive carbon dioxide from a separation device (109) and a first reagent to form a formate and a bicarbonate material. The bicarbonate material is sent to a regeneration device (123) that also receives a second reagent from a source of the second reagent to form the first reagent and a carbonate material. The first reagent is recycled back to the reactor (115). The carbonate material can be stored in a storage device (131) for subsequent sale or other use and/or sent to a process device (109) of a plant for processing flue gas to remove one or more acid gas elements from the flue gas by using the carbonate material received from the regeneration device (123). A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide can include use of the apparatus.
Abstract:
Described herein are intermediate compounds and derivatives thereof that can be synthesized during the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and derivatives thereof.
Abstract:
Lignocelluloses are selectively hydrolyzed into only two kinds of products in an one-pot, quantitative reaction. Lignin is reduced into small molecular aromatics without using reductants. Simultaneously, cellulose and hemicellulose are oxidized into small organic acids without using oxidants. A catalytic method is invented for oxygen-transfer from lignin to cellulose or hemicellulose. There is neither gasification nor black tar formation observed during the hydrolytic depolymerization.
Abstract:
A method of producing levulinic acid from biomass is described. The method includes two acid treatment steps: first, treating biomass with a first aqueous acidic solution at a pH, for a time, and temperature such that at least a portion of pentosans contained within the biomass is extracted from the biomass, to yield pentosan-extracted biomass; second, treating the pentosan-extracted biomass with a second aqueous acidic solution at a pH, for a time, and a temperature, such that at least a portion of hexosans contained within the pentosan-extracted biomass are converted to levulinic acid.
Abstract:
An apparatus for producing formate from carbon dioxide includes a reactor (115) that is configured to receive carbon dioxide from a separation device (109) and a first reagent to form a formate and a bicarbonate material. The bicarbonate material is sent to a regeneration device (123) that also receives a second reagent from a source of the second reagent to form the first reagent and a carbonate material. The first reagent is recycled back to the reactor (115). The carbonate material can be stored in a storage device (131) for subsequent sale or other use and/or sent to a process device (109) of a plant for processing flue gas to remove one or more acid gas elements from the flue gas by using the carbonate material received from the regeneration device (123). A method for producing formate from carbon dioxide can include use of the apparatus.
Abstract:
The disclosure provides new and improved methods for the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric α-arylation of ester compounds, which produce the corresponding α-aryl moiety in high enantioselectivity (generally >90% ee). The present methods utilize a palladium catalyst supported by new (R)—H8-BINOL-derived monophosphine ligands. The method is applicable to a wide variety of aryl triflate substrates having variations in both electronic and steric properties. These aryl triflate substrates react with various α-alkyl (Z)- and/or (E)-0-trimethylsilyl ketene acetals in the presence of a Pd catalyst, (R)—H8-BINOL-derived monophosphine ligand, and a mild activator, for example, LiOAC, to provide the asymmetric α-arylation of ester compounds in high ee.
Abstract:
The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.
Abstract:
Herein disclosed is a method of processing oil, comprising providing a high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator configured to mix a gas with a liquid; contacting a gas with an oil in the high shear device, wherein the gas is an inert gas or a reactive gas; and forming a product, wherein the product is a solution, a dispersion, or combination thereof. Herein also disclosed is a high shear system for processing oil, comprising; at least one high shear device, having an inlet and at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator configured to mix a gas with a liquid; a gas source fluidly connected to the inlet; an oil source fluidly connected to the inlet; and a pump positioned upstream of a high shear device, the pump in fluid connection with the inlet and the oil source.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetic acid and salts thereof by means of new synthetic intermediates.