Abstract:
An optical transmitting apparatus includes: a substrate; optical modulators that are arranged in parallel to one another on the substrate and modulate light; waveguides that are formed on the substrate and guide signal light represented by at least one of modulated light beams obtained by the light being modulated by the plurality of optical modulators and monitor light represented by at least another one of the modulated light beams other than the signal light; lenses that collimate the signal light and the monitor light emitted from the waveguides; and a holding member that causes the signal light and the monitor light to be emitted from the lenses in mutually-different directions, by holding the lenses in such a manner that the optical axis of at least one of the lenses is out of alignment in a predetermined direction with the optical axis of at least one of the waveguides.
Abstract:
A liquid crystal panel and a cross-shaped spacer structure thereof are disclosed. The liquid crystal panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a cross-shaped spacer structure sandwiched between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The cross-shaped spacer structure includes a plurality of H-shaped first spacers disposed on the upper surface of the array substrate and a plurality of strip-like second spacers disposed on the lower surface of the color filter substrate. The end surface of the crossbar of each one of the H-shaped first spacers and the end surface of each one of the strip-like second spacers are abutted against each other in a cross manner. Thus, when the liquid crystal panel is impacted by external force, the H-shaped first spacers and the strip-like second spacers can keep a tight abutment therebetween, so as to ensure the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.
Abstract:
The disclosure is directed at a waveguide sandwich which comprises a pair of host materials, each of the host materials housing a component waveguide. The component waveguides are then placed in physical contact with each other to form a composite waveguide thereby producing a waveguide sandwich.
Abstract:
An optical module includes: a driver; an optical modulator; a connector that is electrically connected to either the driver or the optical modulator and is provided with an input/output terminal; and a flexible substrate that has flexibility, is connected to the connector, and transfers an electrical signal generated by the driver to the optical modulator, wherein in an end part connected to the connector, the flexible substrate has, on a first surface facing the input/output terminal, a signal-purpose wiring pattern used for transferring the electrical signal and a ground-purpose wiring pattern formed along the signal-purpose wiring pattern, and has, on a second surface that is different from the first surface, a ground electrode that partially covers the second surface and has a shorter electrical distance to the signal-purpose wiring pattern than an electrical distance between the signal-purpose wiring pattern and the ground-purpose wiring pattern.
Abstract:
A drive signal generation unit generates first and second drive signals for driving first and second phase modulators of a DQPSK optical modulator. First and second regeneration circuits regenerate the first and second drive signals with respect to clock signals. The first and second phase modulators are driven by the regenerated first and second drive signals. The amplitude of the first drive signal is adjusted by a first attenuator. The clock signal for the second regeneration circuit is applied after attenuated by a second attenuator. The delay time caused by the first attenuator is the same as the delay time caused by the second attenuator.
Abstract:
Provided is an electronic paper that permits a high-quality, large area to be easily created. Also provided is a method for producing the electronic paper. The electronic paper comprises: a first substrate upon which first electrodes are formed and a second substrate upon which second electrodes are formed, said first substrate and second substrate disposed so as to face each other; and a plurality of cell spaces constituting pixels between said first substrate and second substrate. The first substrate comprises a plurality of first sheet members, each having a first electrode formed thereon. By disposing a cover substrate on said first sheet members, each with a partition wall therebetween, a plurality of subsheet formations comprising the plurality of cell spaces partitioned by the partition walls are formed, and the first electrodes are connected in between adjacent subsheet formations.
Abstract:
Included is an apparatus comprising a first circuit component comprising a plurality of optical devices each having an optical input port and an optical output port. All of the optical input ports and all of the optical output ports are positioned on a first side of the circuit component. Also included is a circuit component comprising a plurality of optical devices. The circuit component further comprises a plurality of electrical inputs coupled to the optical devices and positioned on a first side of the circuit component. The circuit component also comprises a plurality of optical input ports coupled to the optical devices and positioned on a second side of the circuit component that does not share any edges with the first side.
Abstract:
A Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator made of semiconductor material and a method to drive the MZ-modulator are disclosed. The MZ-modulator includes a pair of arms to vary the phase of the optical beam propagating therein. One of the arms further provides the phase presetter that varies the phase of the optical beam by π. The arms are driven by modulation signals complementary to each other but with the DC bias equal to each other.
Abstract:
Consistent with the present disclosure, both arms of an MZ interferometer are “double-folded” and are bent in at least two locations to define first and second acute inner angles. Accordingly, the arms of the MZ interferometer may have substantially the same length, and, further, the MZ interferometer has a more compact geometry. In one example, the arms parallel each other and have a serpentine shape, and, in a further embodiment, the arms parallel one another and have a Z-shape. Accordingly, since the temperature of a PIC upon which the MZ interferometer is provided does not vary significantly over such short distances, the temperatures of both arms is substantially the same.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses a liquid crystal panel and a spacer structure thereof. The liquid crystal panel has: an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a plurality of spacer structures sandwiched between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. Each of the spacer structures has: a first spacer disposed on an upper surface of the array substrate; and a second spacer disposed on a lower surface of the color filter substrate. The second spacer is correspondingly abutted against the first spacer. Thus, when the liquid crystal panel is impacted by external force, the first spacer and the second spacer can keep a tight abutment therebetween, so as to ensure the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.