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公开(公告)号：US09194891B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-24
申请号：US14167874
申请日：2014-01-29
申请人： LSIS CO., LTD.
发明人： Jong Kug Seon
CPC分类号： G01R19/02 , G01R19/03 , G01R19/16547 , G01R21/06 , G06G7/20
摘要： The present disclosure relates to a RMS detector for directly computing a signal detected through an analog circuit to measure its RMS value, and a circuit breaker using the same. For this purpose, a RMS detector according to the present disclosure may include a plurality of voltage/current sensing units configured to detect a voltage or current shaped analog signal for an arbitrary load; a plurality of square circuit units configured to compute square function units, respectively, based on a voltage output from the plurality of voltage/current sensing units; a summing circuit unit configured to sum a plurality of output voltages output from the plurality of square circuit units, respectively; and a root circuit unit configured to compute a RMS value based on a voltage output from the summing circuit unit.
摘要翻译： 本公开涉及用于直接计算通过模拟电路检测的信号以测量其RMS值的RMS检测器，以及使用该RMS检测器的断路器。 为此，根据本公开的RMS检测器可以包括多个电压/电流感测单元，其被配置为检测用于任意负载的电压或电流形状的模拟信号; 多个平方电路单元，被配置为基于从所述多个电压/电流感测单元输出的电压来分别计算平方功能单元; 求和电路单元，被配置为分别从多个平方电路单元输出的多个输出电压; 以及根电路单元，被配置为基于从求和电路单元输出的电压来计算RMS值。
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22.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5663638A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-02
申请号：US681564
申请日：1996-07-29
申请人： Melvin D. Humpherys
发明人： Melvin D. Humpherys
摘要： The effects of differential heating inside the calorimetric bridge are reduced by first heating the bridge externally and controlling the resulting temperature. The bridge is also heated internally by an amount that varies according to the applied power to be measured. This acts to eliminate the principal source of thermal gradients in the first instance. By applying this heat as a common mode input signal to the two terminating loads of the calorimetric bridge the bridge itself does not become unbalanced, and therefore does not attempt to measure that common power. Actual input power to be measured does initially unbalance the bridge, and is still measured as usual. A constant power circuit is response to the indication of measured power and acts to keep the sum of measured power (plus the equal amount of feedback power that balances the bridge) and the common mode power at a constant value corresponding to a full scale measurement. This eliminates internal thermal transients within the bridge that lengthen response time. The feedback signal to balance the calorimetric bridge is produced by an integrator. To allow operation of the integrator output closer to zero for measurement of small applied signals, the applied input to be measured is periodically removed and a suitable slight offset from the true balance condition is introduced into the servo loop. The bridge is then exactly balanced with a separate sample and hold control loop. "Periodically" can mean once a second, ten times a second, or as is preferred, at the start of each measurement.
摘要翻译： 首先通过外部对桥进行加热并控制所产生的温度来降低量热桥内差示加热的影响。 该桥还在内部加热一定量，根据所测量的施加功率而变化。 这样做首先消除了主要的热梯度来源。 通过将该热量作为共模输入信号施加到量热桥的两个端接负载，桥本身不会变得不平衡，因此不试图测量该共同功率。 要测量的实际输入功率最初不平衡桥，并且仍照常测量。 恒定功率电路响应于测量功率的指示，并且用于将测量功率的总和（加上平衡桥的反馈功率的相等量）和共模功率保持在对应于满量程测量的恒定值。 这消除了桥梁内的内部热瞬变，延长了响应时间。 用于平衡量热桥的反馈信号由积分器产生。 为了允许积分器输出的操作更接近于零，用于测量小的施加信号，所施加的待测量输入被周期性地去除，并且与真实平衡条件的适当的微小偏移被引入到伺服环路中。 然后，桥接器与单独的采样和保持控制回路完全平衡。 在每次测量开始时，“周期性”可以意味着每秒一次，十次或一次优选。
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23.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5189362A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-23
申请号：US637214
申请日：1991-01-03
申请人： Richard G. V. Doble
发明人： Richard G. V. Doble
摘要： A circuit for measuring the R.M.S. voltage of a high frequency signal (e.g. 100MHz) comprises two series-connected ntc thermistors (TH1, TH2) in a bridge circuit which is energized by a current source (1). The unknown signal is applied across one (TH1) of the thermistors and the resulting change in the resistance causes a D.C. output voltage to appear across the balanced terminals (T3, T4) of the bridge. This output voltage is proportional to the square of the R.M.S. voltage of the A.C. signal. In another embodiment, two ptc thermistors are connected in parallel in a bridge circuit which is energized by a voltage source, and are used to measure R.M.S. current. In each case, the thermistors are preferably operated in a negative slope resistance portion of their voltage-current characteristic. In a further embodiment two balanced bridges, each incorporating two thermistors, are connected in series in one arm of a bridge circuit, and a compensating signal is applied by a feedback circuit to one bridge so as to match the heating effect of the unknown A.C. signal applied to the other bridge.
摘要翻译： 用于测量R.M.S.的电路 高频信号（例如100MHz）的电压包括由电流源（1）激励的桥式电路中的两个串联ntc热敏电阻（TH1，TH2）。 未知信号施加在热敏电阻的一个（TH1）上，由此导致的电阻变化导致直流输出电压出现在桥的平衡端子（T3，T4）之间。 该输出电压与R.M.S.的平方成正比。 交流信号的电压。 在另一个实施例中，两个ptc热敏电阻并联连接在由电压源激励的桥式电路中，并用于测量R.M.S. 当前。 在每种情况下，热敏电阻优选地在其电压 - 电流特性的负斜率电阻部分中操作。 在另一实施例中，两个平衡桥（每个并入两个热敏电阻）串联在桥式电路的一个臂中，并且补偿信号由反馈电路施加到一个桥上，以匹配未知AC信号的加热效应 应用于另一座桥。
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公开(公告)号：US5021731A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-04
申请号：US313631
申请日：1989-02-21
申请人： Elric W. Saaski , Dale M. Lawrence
发明人： Elric W. Saaski , Dale M. Lawrence
摘要： A thermo-optical current sensor includes a resistive or semiconducting sensing element that has an optical property that varies as a function of temperature. Current to be measured flows through the sensing element thereby causing heating that is detected by a change in the optical property. The sensing element may be either a resistive or semiconducting material having a temperature dependent optical property or a resistive or semiconducting material that is in thermal contact with an optical temperature sensor. The thermo-optical current sensor may be used as a field meter to measure the intensity of an electromagnetic field or as a current meter to measure the current flowing through a power line.
摘要翻译： 热电流传感器包括具有根据温度变化的光学特性的电阻或半导体传感元件。 要测量的电流流经感测元件，从而引起由光学特性变化所检测的加热。 感测元件可以是具有温度依赖性光学性质的电阻或半导体材料或与光学温度传感器热接触的电阻或半导体材料。 热电流传感器可以用作现场仪表来测量电磁场的强度，或者用作电流表来测量流过电力线的电流。
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25.发明授权Apparatus for measuring the value of an alternating electrical signal of any wave form 失效用于测量任何波形的替代电信号的值的装置
公开(公告)号：US3683275A
公开(公告)日：1972-08-08
申请号：US3683275D
申请日：1968-08-05
发明人： FOWLER ELIOT PATRICK
CPC分类号： H03G3/3015 , G01R19/03 , G01R19/225 , G01T3/00
摘要： The measurement of an a.c. signal is accomplished by feeding the signal through an a.c. amplifier having variable gain to a detector from which a d.c. signal characteristic is extracted indicative of its value. The d.c. signal is fed back to control the amplifier gain and maintain the level of the detector input within a limited range.
摘要翻译： a.c.的测量。 信号通过馈送信号通过交流电来实现。 放大器具有可变增益到检测器， 提取指示其值的信号特性。 直径 反馈信号以控制放大器增益，并将检测器输入的电平保持在有限的范围内。
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公开(公告)号：US3668428A
公开(公告)日：1972-06-06
申请号：US3668428D
申请日：1970-08-10
申请人： BURR BROWN RES CORP
发明人： KOERNER HENRY
CPC分类号： G06G7/20 , G01R19/03 , G01R19/225
摘要： A pair of semiconductor junction devices, such as transistors, are connected in a common emitter configuration with suitable forward biasing. The junction devices are matched and each is associated with one of a pair of matched resistors. Heat transfer means connects each resistor with one of the junction devices; heat generated in the resistor is transmitted to the junction device to cause temperature variations therein. The circuit elements, such as transistors, exhibit a forward voltage drop that is a function of the temperature of the element; the voltage drops across the transistors therefore vary as a result of the power being dissipated by the associated resistor. The transistors are connected to a differential amplifier which senses and amplifies the differential voltage resulting from the different voltage drops and produces an output signal in response thereto. The output signal is connected in a feedback loop to one of the matched resistors while an input terminal is provided to the second matched resistor for connecting thereto a signal to be measured.
摘要翻译： 一对半导体结器件（例如晶体管）以合适的正向偏置连接在共同的发射极配置中。 结器件匹配，并且每个与一对匹配的电阻器中的一个相关联。 传热装置将每个电阻器与其中一个接合装置连接起来; 在电阻器中产生的热量传递到接合装置以引起其中的温度变化。 诸如晶体管的电路元件表现出作为元件温度的函数的正向压降; 晶体管两端的电压降由于相关电阻器耗散的功率而变化。 晶体管连接到差分放大器，该差分放大器感测并放大由不同电压降引起的差分电压，并响应于此产生输出信号。 输出信号以反馈回路连接到匹配电阻器中的一个，而将输入端子提供给第二匹配电阻器以将其连接到待测信号。
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公开(公告)号：US3521165A
公开(公告)日：1970-07-21
申请号：US3521165D
申请日：1968-09-20
发明人： VISSER AGE T
CPC分类号： G01R19/03 , G01R19/225
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28.发明授权Thermocouple type r. m. s. measuring system having storage means to hold measured signal for comparison with reference 失效热电偶类型 m。 s。 测量系统具有用于保持测量信号与存储装置进行比较的参考
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29.发明授权公开(公告)号：US11959945B2
公开(公告)日：2024-04-16
申请号：US17761378
申请日：2020-11-26
发明人： Jun Lu , John George Banaska , Matthew Tate Dougan , Jeffrey Allan Cornell , Wendi Song , Xuechen Han , Kunal Harsad Patel
CPC分类号： G01R19/003 , H01S5/183
摘要： Embodiments are presented herein of an open-loop test system for testing vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A high-speed pulse generator may be used to produce nanoseconds pulses provided to the VCSEL device. A high-speed oscilloscope may be used to measure the resultant nanoseconds pulses across the VCSEL device. The VCSEL device voltage and VCSEL device current may be obtained from the measured nanosecond pulses according to compensation data derived from the system. A pre-test compensation procedure may be used to obtain the compensation data, which may include representative characteristics of each system component. The compensation procedure may also include capturing specified pulse trains under different load conditions of the pulse generator to obtain a scaling relationship between the VCSEL device current and an input voltage used for the pulse generation, and also for obtaining various parameters later used to derive an accurate VCSEL device voltage and an accurate VCSEL device current.
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公开(公告)号：US6121766A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US51142
申请日：1998-10-14
申请人： Geoffrey Beardmore
发明人： Geoffrey Beardmore
CPC分类号： G01R19/03
摘要： A current sensor assembly of planar form arranged for connection in series with an electrical circuit. The circuit includes a first and second conductor. The sensor assembly includes a first conductive member adapted to contact the second conductor in the circuit. A second conductive member is adapted to contact the second conductor in the circuit. A thin layer of conductive material is connected at one end to the first conductive member and at is other end to the second conductive member so that current flow in the circuit between the first and second conductors is via the thin layer. A support supports the thin layer along its entire length. At least a part of the support contacts the thin layer is electrically insulative. The thermal conductivity of the support is different at different points along the length of the layer so that heat disposition is different at the different points and hence the temperature rise caused by current flow through the layer is different. A plurality of temperature sensors are located to sense the temperature of the layer at the different points. The assembly provides an output representative of current from the outputs of the temperature sensors.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / GB96 / 02773 Sec。 371日期：1998年10月14日 102（e）1998年10月14日PCT PCT 1996年11月11日PCT公布。 出版物WO97 / 17616 PCT 日期1997年5月15日平面形式的电流传感器组件布置成与电路串联连接。 电路包括第一和第二导体。 传感器组件包括适于接触电路中的第二导体的第一导电构件。 第二导电构件适于接触电路中的第二导体。 导电材料的薄层在一端连接到第一导电构件，另一端连接到第二导电构件，使得在第一和第二导体之间的电路中的电流流过薄层。 支撑件沿其整个长度支撑薄层。 支撑体的至少一部分接触薄层是电绝缘的。 支撑体的热导率在沿着层的长度的不同点处是不同的，使得在不同点处的热配置不同，因此由流过层的电流引起的温度升高是不同的。 定位多个温度传感器以感测不同点处的层的温度。 该组件提供代表来自温度传感器的输出的电流的输出。
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