公开(公告)号：US4855593A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-08

申请号：US198975

申请日：1988-05-26

Applicant: Geoffrey Bodenhausen ,  Peter E. Pfandler ,  Jacques Rapin ,  Tino Gaumann ,  Raymond Houriet

Inventor： Geoffrey Bodenhausen ,  Peter E. Pfandler ,  Jacques Rapin ,  Tino Gaumann ,  Raymond Houriet

IPC: G01R33/64 ,  G01N24/14 ,  G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/38 ,  H01J49/44

CPC classification number: H01J49/38

Abstract: Ion cyclotron resonance is an important method used in mass spectroscopy. Examinations for determining the reactions between substances by means of the two-dimensional ICR method are carried out using the following measuring sequence:P.sub.1 -t.sub.1 -P.sub.2 -T.sub.m -P.sub.3 -t.sub.2,wherein P.sub.1, P.sub.2 and P.sub.3 are rf pulses, with the rf pulses P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 having the same frequency, t.sub.1 and T.sub.m are time intervals between the pulses and t.sub.2 is the observation time following the last pulse. This measuring sequence is repeated several times while varying t.sub.1. In this manner, a plurality of induction signals recorded during the time t.sub.2 is obtained, from which then a two-dimensional spectrum is derived by transformation from the time domain into the frequency domain. The transformation from the time domain to the frequency domain can be effected by two-dimensional Fourier transformation, or with the aid of the method of maximum entropy.

Abstract translation: 离子回旋共振是质谱中使用的重要方法。 通过二维ICR方法测定物质之间的反应的检查使用以下测量顺序进行：P1-t1-P2-Tm-P3-t2，其中P1，P2和P3是rf脉冲，其中rf 具有相同频率的脉冲P1和P2，t1和Tm是脉冲之间的时间间隔，t2是最后脉冲之后的观察时间。 在测量t1时，重复该测量序列数次。 以这种方式，获得在时间t2期间记录的多个感应信号，然后通过从时域到频域的变换导出二维频谱。 从时域到频域的变换可以通过二维傅里叶变换，或借助于最大熵的方法来实现。

公开(公告)号：US4775943A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-04

申请号：US788230

申请日：1985-10-16

Applicant: Thomas A. Chamberlin ,  Hendrik E. Tuinstra

Inventor： Thomas A. Chamberlin ,  Hendrik E. Tuinstra

IPC: G01N5/00 ,  G01N9/00 ,  G01N11/08 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N33/44 ,  F25B29/00 ,  G01N30/88 ,  H01J49/38

CPC classification number: G01N9/00 ,  G01N11/08 ,  G01N5/00 ,  G01N2030/625 ,  G01N2030/885 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N33/442

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining various molecular weight distribution parameters by concurrent measurement of hydrodynamic volume, specific viscosity and mass. Essentially concurrent viscosity and mass detectors are described, as are improved methods for viscosity detection, which together provide substantially improved results.

Abstract translation: 通过同时测量流体动力学体积，比粘度和质量来确定各种分子量分布参数的方法和装置。 描述了本质上并行的粘度和质量检测器，以及粘度检测的改进方法，其一起提供了显着改进的结果。

公开(公告)号：US4739165A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-19

申请号：US833975

申请日：1986-02-27

Applicant: Sahba Ghaderi ,  Othman Vosburger ,  Duane P. Littlejohn ,  Juda L. Shohet

Inventor： Sahba Ghaderi ,  Othman Vosburger ,  Duane P. Littlejohn ,  Juda L. Shohet

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/38 ,  B01D59/44

CPC classification number: H01J49/38

Abstract: A remote ion source within an ICR mass spectrometer which provides an enhanced trapping (within an analyzer cell) of ions formed within that remote ion source. In a preferred embodiment, trapping enhancement is accomplished by means of magnetic perturbations of the magnetic field within the analyzer cell. The perturbations may be established by ferromagnetic means or electromagnetic means or by the use of permanent magnets to form a magnetic bottle. Ions formed within the remote ion source are extracted from that source by an electrostatic lens and directed toward the analyzer cell along the Z axis of the spectrometer magnetic field. Deceleration lenses, external to the analyzer cell, may be employed to further enhance the trapping capability of the analyzer cell. In some modes of operation, a ramped deceleration potential may be applied to the declaration lens for "grouping" of ions of different masses for analysis. Provision for mass selection is also made within the spectrometer disclosed herein.

Abstract translation: 在ICR质谱仪内的远程离子源，其提供在该远程离子源内形成的离子的增强捕获（在分析器单元内）。 在优选实施例中，通过分析器单元内的磁场的磁扰动来实现陷印增强。 扰动可以通过铁磁装置或电磁装置或通过使用永磁体形成磁性瓶来建立。 远离离子源内形成的离子通过静电透镜从该源中提取出来，并沿着光谱仪磁场的Z轴指向分析器单元。 可以使用分析器单元外部的减速透镜来进一步增强分析器单元的捕获能力。 在一些操作模式中，倾斜的减速电位可以应用于声明透镜，用于“分组”不同质量的离子用于分析。 在本文公开的光谱仪中也进行质量选择的准备。

公开(公告)号：US4581533A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-08

申请号：US610502

申请日：1984-05-15

Applicant: Duane P. Littlejohn ,  Sahba Ghaderi

Inventor： Duane P. Littlejohn ,  Sahba Ghaderi

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/06 ,  H01J49/14 ,  H01J49/26 ,  H01J49/38 ,  H01J49/00 ,  B01D59/44

CPC classification number: H01J49/38

Abstract: A mass spectrometer including a vacuum chamber wherein molecular flow conditions are maintained. A sample introduced into the chamber is ionized while a magnetic field through the chamber induces ion cyclotron resonance. Trapping plates are provided for restricting ion movement along the magnetic field while a conductance limit plate divides the chamber into first and second compartments. The conductance limit plate has an orifice configured to allow ion equilibration between the compartments while maintaining a pressure differential between them. The conductance limit plate includes an electrode that is selectively connected to a means for applying trapping potential to selectively trap ions in one of said compartments.

Abstract translation: 包括真空室的质谱仪，其中维持分子流条件。 引入室中的样品被电离，而通过室的磁场诱导离子回旋共振。 捕获板用于限制沿着磁场的离子运动，而电导限制板将腔室分隔成第一和第二隔室。 电导限制板具有孔口，其构造成允许隔室之间的离子平衡，同时保持它们之间的压力差。 电导限制板包括电极，其选择性地连接到用于施加捕获电位的装置，以选择性地将离子俘获在所述隔室之一中。

公开(公告)号：US4563579A

公开(公告)日：1986-01-07

申请号：US645051

申请日：1984-08-28

Applicant: Hanspeter Kellerhals ,  Martin Allemann

Inventor： Hanspeter Kellerhals ,  Martin Allemann

IPC: H01J49/10 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01R33/64 ,  H01J49/14 ,  H01J49/38 ,  G01N24/14

CPC classification number: G01R33/64 ,  H01J49/38 ,  Y10S505/842

Abstract: In a procedure for recording ion-cyclotron resonance spectra or an apparatus for carrying out the procedure, gaseous ions of a sample substance in an ultrahigh vacuum are simultaneously exposed to a constant magnetic field B.sub.O and to a high frequency field which is perpendicular to it, with resonances being excited when the frequency of the alternating field corresponds to the rotational frequency of the ions which move on circular paths in the constant magnetic field. To produce gaseous ions of the sample substance, the latter is bombarded with additional gaseous, high-energy ions of a primary substance. The primary ions are produced in the measuring cell by means of an electron beam and excited to a high energy level by means of ion-cyclotron resonance (FIG. 2).

Abstract translation: 在用于记录离子回旋共振光谱的过程或用于执行该过程的装置中，超高真空中的样品物质的气态离子同时暴露于恒定磁场BO和垂直于其的高频场， 当交变场的频率对应于在恒定磁场中在圆形路径上移动的离子的旋转频率时，谐振被激发。 为了产生样品物质的气态离子，后者用主要物质的附加气态高能离子轰击。 初级离子通过电子束在测量池中产生，并通过离子回旋共振（图2）激发到高能级。

公开(公告)号：US4081677A

公开(公告)日：1978-03-28

申请号：US658567

申请日：1976-02-17

Applicant: John Myrick Dawson

Inventor： John Myrick Dawson

IPC: B01D59/48 ,  B01D59/00 ,  H01J49/38 ,  H01J39/34

CPC classification number: H01J49/38 ,  B01D59/00

Abstract: One of the isotopes of an element having several isotopes can be separated from the others in a dense, neutral plasma. Thus initially a neutral plasma is prepared including the element in question. This may consist of positive ions and negative electrons or alternatively of positive and negative ions, or else of a mixture of positive ions, negative ions and electrons. The plasma may then be injected into a magnetic field or may be generated in the field where more energy is imparted to a selected isotope than to the others. Finally, the isotopes are separated from each other on the basis of their differential energies. For example, the selected isotope may be given more energy than the others by stimulating it within the plasma at its resonant frequency which may be close to the cyclotron frequency, either by an electric field or by a magnetic field. In order to excite the other isotope, a different resonant frequency is required which depends on the plasma density, the relative concentration of electrons if the plasma contains electrons, the strength of the magnetic field, the ratio of charge to mass of the isotope, and possibly on the physical parameters of the plasma apparatus itself, such as the ratio of the length of the plasma column to its radius. The more energetic isotope may be separated by energy dependent chemical reactions, it may be collected by a positively biased probe or else the isotopes may be separated from each other by magnetic fields or in various other ways.

Abstract translation: 具有多个同位素的元素的同位素之一可以在致密的中性等离子体中与其它同位素分离。 因此，最初制备包括所述元件的中性等离子体。 这可以由正离子和负电子组成，也可以由正离子和负离子组成，或者由正离子，负离子和电子的混合物组成。 然后等离子体可以被注入到磁场中，或者可以在与所选择的同位素相比赋予更多能量的场中产生。 最后，基于它们的差分能量，同位素彼此分离。 例如，所选择的同位素可以通过在等离子体中以其谐振频率（其可能接近回旋加速器频率）的电场或通过磁场来激发它们而被给予更多的能量。 为了激发另一个同位素，需要不同的谐振频率，这取决于等离子体密度，等离子体包含电子时的电子的相对浓度，磁场的强度，同位素的电荷与质量的比例，以及 可能关于等离子体装置本身的物理参数，例如等离子体柱的长度与其半径的比率。 更能量的同位素可以通过依赖于能量的化学反应分离，它可以通过正偏压的探针收集，或者同位素可以通过磁场或以各种其它方式彼此分离。

公开(公告)号：US3742212A

公开(公告)日：1973-06-26

申请号：US3742212D

申请日：1971-02-16

Applicant: UNIV LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR

Inventor： MC IVER R

IPC: G01R33/64 ,  H01J49/38 ,  B01D59/44

CPC classification number: H01J49/38 ,  G01R33/64

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pulsed ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy is disclosed in which a gas sample within an analyzer cell is ionized by means such as a pulse of an electron beam. The ions are subjected to a combined action of a plurality of static electric fields and a magnetic field thereby trapping the ions and causing them to move orbitally within the cell. Following ionization by said pulse of an electron beam and after a reaction time delay period, ions of a given charge-to-mass ratio are brought into resonance with an oscillating electric field applied transversely to the lines of force of the magnetic field. During such detection period those ions in resonance with the oscillating electric field absorb energy therefrom, which absorbed energy is detected as a measure of the resonant ions. The ions are then swept from the cell. By use of oscillating electric fields of different frequencies for resonance with ions of different charge-to-mass ratio the arrangement serves a mass spectrometer function. For ion-molecule reaction studies the above described cycle is repeated but with different reaction time delay periods whereby the concentration of the resonant ions at different times during the course of reaction is determined. From this, the thermal rate constant for such ion-molecule reaction is readily determined. The method and apparatus of this invention are readily adapted for double resonance mass spectroscopy. By irradiating the ions with a pulsed radio frequency electric field at a second frequency, ions of a given charge-to-mass ratio may be accelerated to high velocity, yet still remain trapped within the analyzer cell. As above, after a reaction time delay period following said radio frequency pulse, ions of a given charge-tomass ratio are brought into resonance with the first mentioned oscillating electric field to obtain a measure of such ions. Also as above, this double resonance cycle may be repeated with different reaction time delay periods. By this means the thermal rate constant for the reaction as a function of the kinetic energy of the ions accelerated by the pulsed radio frequency electric field at the second frequency is readily determined. The spectrometer includes a novel analyzer cell within which ions may be trapped for long periods of time on the order of 100 milliseconds, or greater. The cell includes a hollow electrode array comprising first, second and third pairs of opposite plates. A trapping potential of one polarity is applied to the one pair of opposite plates, and an opposite polarity trapping potential is applied the other two pair of opposite plates to provide an electrostatic potential well within the cell for trapping the ions for extended periods. Various experiments requiring extended ion trapping periods are possible utilizing the novel ion trap.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于脉冲离子回旋共振光谱的方法和装置，其中分析器单元内的气体样品通过诸如电子束的脉冲的方式被电离。 离子受到多个静电场和磁场的组合作用，从而捕获离子并使它们在电池内轨道移动。 在通过电子束的所述脉冲进行电离之后，在反应时间延迟周期之后，给定电荷质量比的离子与横向于磁场的力线施加的振荡电场共振。 在这种检测期间，与振荡电场共振的那些离子从其中吸收能量，这被吸收的能量作为谐振离子的量度被检测。 然后离子从细胞扫过。 通过使用不同频率的振荡电场与不同电荷质量比的离子共振，该装置用于质谱仪功能。 对于离子 - 分子反应研究，重复上述循环，但是具有不同的反应时间延迟时间，由此确定在反应过程中不同时间的共振离子的浓度。 由此可以容易地确定这种离子 - 分子反应的热速率常数。

公开(公告)号：US3535512A

公开(公告)日：1970-10-20

申请号：US3535512D

申请日：1966-07-21

Applicant: VARIAN ASSOCIATES

Inventor： BALDESCHWIELER JOHN D

IPC: G01R33/64 ,  H01J49/38 ,  H01J39/34

CPC classification number: G01R33/64 ,  H01J49/38

公开(公告)号：US3471691A

公开(公告)日：1969-10-07

申请号：US3471691D

申请日：1967-03-13

Applicant: VARIAN ASSOCIATES

Inventor： GIELOW DAVID E ,  LITTLEJOHN DUANE P

IPC: H01J49/38 ,  B01D59/44

CPC classification number: H01J49/02 ,  H01J49/38

公开(公告)号：US2718595A

公开(公告)日：1955-09-20

申请号：US30708752

申请日：1952-08-29

Applicant: CONS ENG CORP

Inventor： ROBINSON CHARLES F

IPC: H01J49/38

CPC classification number: H01J49/38