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公开(公告)号：US20090294669A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-03
申请号：US12438816
申请日：2007-03-30
申请人： Yoshiyuki Shirakawa
发明人： Yoshiyuki Shirakawa
IPC分类号： G01T1/169
CPC分类号： G01T1/169
摘要： A surface contamination examining device includes a radiation detector 11 and an arithmetic/display device 13 for displaying radiation intensity in form of a counting rate. The arithmetic/display device has a boundary detecting device 10 that detects the boundary of contamination 14 of an object to be measured by a radioactive material while the radiation detector moves along a surface 18 of the object to be measured. The boundary detecting device 10 includes a counting rate storage unit that sequentially stores counting rates Yi at a predetermined time interval, a slope arithmetic unit that computes slopes aM and aN of approximation lines from previous M (where M is an integer of 3 or larger) counting rates Yi including a final counting rate YM and previous N (where N is an integer smaller than M) counting rates Yi including the final counting rate YM, and a boundary determining unit that determines the boundary of contamination of the object to be measured by the radioactive material on the basis of lines of slope aM and aN.
摘要翻译： 表面污染检查装置包括用于以计数率形式显示辐射强度的辐射检测器11和运算/显示装置13。 算术/显示装置具有边界检测装置10，其在放射线检测器沿着被测量物体的表面18移动时，检测放射性物质的待测物体的污染物边界14。 边界检测装置10包括以预定时间间隔顺序地存储计数率Yi的计数率存储单元，计算先前M（其中M为3以上的整数）的近似线的斜率aM和aN的斜率算术单元， 包括最终计数率YM和先前N（其中N是小于M的整数）的计数率Yi包括最终计数率YM的计数率Yi以及边界确定单元，其确定被测量对象的污染边界 基于斜率aM和aN线的放射性物质。
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22.发明申请Deterministic computation of radiation doses delivered to tissues and organs of a living organism 审中-公开确定性计算输送到活体的组织和器官的辐射剂量公开(公告)号：US20050143965A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-30
申请号：US10910239
申请日：2004-08-02
申请人： Gregory Failla , John McGhee , Todd Warcing , Douglas Busnett
发明人： Gregory Failla , John McGhee , Todd Warcing , Douglas Busnett
IPC分类号： G01T1/02 , G01T1/169 , G06F20060101 , G06F17/10
摘要： Various embodiments of the present invention provide methods and systems for deterministic calculation of radiation doses, delivered to specified volumes within human tissues and organs, and specified areas within other organisms, by external and internal radiation sources. Embodiments of the present invention provide for creating and optimizing computational mesh structures for deterministic radiation transport methods. In general these approaches seek to both improve solution accuracy and computational efficiency. Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for planning radiation treatments using deterministic methods. The methods of the present invention may also be applied for dose calculations, dose verification, and dose reconstruction for many different forms of radiotherapy treatments, including: conventional beam therapies, intensity modulated radiation therapy (“IMRT”), proton, electron and other charged particle beam therapies, targeted radionuclide therapies, brachytherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery (“SRS”), Tomotherapy®; and other radiotherapy delivery modes. The methods may also be applied to radiation-dose calculations based on radiation sources that include linear accelerators, various delivery devices, field shaping components, such as jaws, blocks, flattening filters, and multi-leaf collimators, and to many other radiation-related problems, including radiation shielding, detector design and characterization; thermal or infrared radiation, optical tomography, photon migration, and other problems.
摘要翻译： 本发明的各种实施例提供用于通过外部和内部辐射源确定性计算辐射剂量，递送到人体组织和器官以及其他生物体内的特定区域的特定体积的方法和系统。 本发明的实施例提供了创建和优化用于确定性辐射传输方法的计算网格结构。 一般来说，这些方法既能提高解决方案的精度和计算效率。 本发明的实施例提供了使用确定性方法来规划辐射治疗的方法。 本发明的方法还可以应用于许多不同形式的放射疗法治疗的剂量计算，剂量验证和剂量重建，包括：常规光束治疗，强度调制放射治疗（“IMRT”），质子，电子和其他带电 粒子束治疗，靶向放射性核素治疗，近距离放射治疗，立体定向放射外科手术（“SRS”），Tomotherapy（R）; 和其他放射治疗递送模式。 该方法还可以应用于基于辐射源的辐射剂量计算，所述辐射源包括线性加速器，各种输送装置，诸如钳口，块，扁平过滤器和多叶准直器之类的场成形部件，以及许多其它辐射相关 问题，包括辐射屏蔽，检测器设计和表征; 热或红外辐射，光学层析成像，光子迁移等问题。
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公开(公告)号：US5665972A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-09
申请号：US581664
申请日：1995-12-29
申请人： Jeffrey W. Dickinson , Charles G. Hudson , Daniel S. Johnson , Richard McGinley , Richard J. Sexton
发明人： Jeffrey W. Dickinson , Charles G. Hudson , Daniel S. Johnson , Richard McGinley , Richard J. Sexton
摘要： A method for measuring the fixed contamination level in a confined area such as small diameter pipe. The method measures the accumulated detection response over a given area and prescribed time period. To obtain the measurement a plurality of sensors are connected in tandem to form a flexible detector string and remotely positioned within the area to be monitored. The measurement is correlated to a standard obtained by using a known source in a simulated mockup environment. In one embodiment a passive monitor such as a Thermo-Luminescence Dosimeter is employed as the sensor.
摘要翻译： 用于测量诸如小直径管道的限制区域中的固定污染物水平的方法。 该方法测量给定区域和规定时间段内的累积检测响应。 为了获得测量，多个传感器串联连接以形成灵活的检测器串并远程定位在待监视的区域内。 测量与通过在模拟样机环境中使用已知源获得的标准相关。 在一个实施例中，使用诸如热发光剂量计的无源监测器作为传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US5511107A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US286757
申请日：1994-08-05
申请人： Alan P. Sliski
发明人： Alan P. Sliski
CPC分类号： A61B6/583 , A61N5/1048 , G01T1/169
摘要： A system is disclosed for producing images representing radiation dose distributions in order to verify the radiation dose applied to a target area. The system uses a phantom assembly constructed of material that is the radiological equivalent of live tissue. The phantom assembly has slits where radiation sensitive film can be inserted and can include a channel for an insertable radiation generating device. The treatment dose is then applied to the phantom and the radiation sensitive film records the dose. A CCD camera microdensitometer is then used to read the exposed radiation sensitive film. The CCD camera microdensitometer includes a computer system which processes the image to remove artifacts and generates isodose contours for the radiation treatment applied. In addition, several pieces of radiation sensitive film in different planes can be exposed and processed in order to produce images representing the radiation dose distribution in three dimensions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生表示辐射剂量分布的图像以便验证施加到目标区域的辐射剂量的系统。 该系统使用由活体组织放射等效的材料构成的幻影组件。 幻影组件具有可以插入辐射敏感膜的狭缝，并且可以包括用于可插入辐射产生装置的通道。 然后将治疗剂量施用于体模，并且辐射敏感膜记录剂量。 然后使用CCD相机微透镜读取曝光的辐射敏感膜。 CCD摄像机微密度计包括一个计算机系统，其处理图像以去除伪影并产生用于所施加的辐射处理的等剂量轮廓。 此外，可以对不同平面中的几片辐射敏感膜进行曝光和处理，以产生表示三维辐射剂量分布的图像。
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公开(公告)号：US5416816A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-16
申请号：US188386
申请日：1994-01-27
申请人： Robert B. Wenstrup , Joseph Fieno
发明人： Robert B. Wenstrup , Joseph Fieno
摘要： A calibration for standardizing images taken with X-ray radiation includes an elongated parallelepiped box of dimensions of at least about 14" (35.56 cm) by 17" (43.18 cm), which are the standard dimensions of normal size X-ray film and, computed radiography plates made predominantly of methyl methacrylate and including three sections arranged along the direction of elongation of the box including a thick body section having a first thickness, the sections having imbedded specimens simulating X-ray absorption characteristics of human body portions, including a needle with an eye, step wedge, nylon disks, and copper screens of varying mesh sizes; a thin body section having a thickness less than the first thickness and imbedded pairs of models; and a thoracic body section having a thickness less than the first thickness and including a natural sponge simulating the X-ray absorption characteristics of a human lung and a plurality of air pockets of varying depth in the transmission direction to simulate pneumothoraces on an X-ray film or computed radiography image.
摘要翻译： 标准化用X射线辐射拍摄的图像的校准包括尺寸为至少约14“（35.56cm）×17”（43.18cm）的细长平行六面体盒，其是正常尺寸的X射线胶片的标准尺寸 和主要由甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成的计算机放射照相片，包括沿着包括具有第一厚度的厚体部分的盒子的伸长方向排列的三个部分，所述部分具有模拟人体部分的X射线吸收特性的嵌入样本，包括 眼睛针，阶梯楔，尼龙盘和不同网眼尺寸的铜屏; 具有小于第一厚度的厚度的薄体部分和嵌套的模型对; 以及具有小于第一厚度的厚度的胸廓部分，并且包括模拟人肺的X射线吸收特性的天然海绵和在透射方向上具有不同深度的多个气穴，以模拟X射线上的气胸 电影或计算机摄影图像。
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公开(公告)号：US4679738A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-14
申请号：US648833
申请日：1984-09-10
CPC分类号： B07C5/02 , B07C5/346 , Y10S241/38
摘要： This invention relates to an apparatus for sorting radioactive waste. The apparatus comprises structure for reducing the waste to pieces of substantially uniform size and first and second radiation detecting structure. Structure is provided for conveying the pieces from the reducing structure to the first and second radiation detecting structure. Structure is provided for dispersing the pieces of waste between the first and second detecting structure so that the pieces which are collected together in clusters can separate from each other to thereby increase the likelihood of detecting radiation emanating from the pieces.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及放射性废物分类装置。 该装置包括用于将废物减少到基本均匀尺寸的碎片的结构，以及第一和第二辐射检测结构。 提供了用于将件从减少结构传送到第一和第二辐射检测结构的结构。 提供了用于将废弃物分散在第一和第二检测结构之间的结构，使得集群在一起的片彼此分离，从而增加检测从片发出的辐射的可能性。
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27.发明授权Detection of impurities in a fluid containing free gas using nuclear techniques 失效使用核技术检测含有游离气体的流体中的杂质
公开(公告)号：US4365154A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-21
申请号：US127700
申请日：1980-03-06
申请人： Dan M. Arnold , Hans J. Paap
发明人： Dan M. Arnold , Hans J. Paap
IPC分类号： G01N23/221 , G01N23/12 , G01N23/222 , G01V5/00 , G01T1/169
CPC分类号： G01N23/12 , G01N23/222 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/635
摘要： Fluid containing free gas and in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements chlorine and hydrogen. The counting rate for thermal neutron gamma rays for hydrogen permits a measure of the hydrogen index (HI) of the fluid to be obtained. The hydrogen index and the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrogen are used to obtain an indication of the presence and concentration of chlorine or salt water in the fluid.
摘要翻译： 含有游离气体的液体在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素氯和氢的浓度。 用于氢的热中子γ射线的计数率允许测量要获得的流体的氢指数（HI）。 使用氢指数和氯和氢的相对浓度来获得流体中氯或盐水的存在和浓度的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4213044A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-15
申请号：US970246
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Kenneth A. Perrotta
发明人： Kenneth A. Perrotta
CPC分类号： G01N21/643 , G01N31/22 , G01N33/0036 , G01N2001/2238
摘要： A test kit and method for determining in a semiquantitative manner the amount of oil mist in a compressed-air stream, which method comprises bleeding a small sample from the compressed-air stream containing oil mist whose concentration is to be determined; directly impinging the compressed-air stream so bled for a defined time period through a defined orifice onto the surface of a coated plate containing an ultraviolet radiation indicator to capture the oil-mist particles in the compressed-air stream, thereafter comparing the test plate with a standard plate of known concentration of oil mist under ultraviolet radiation to determine the degree of flourescent quenching as an indication of the amount of oil mist in the compressed-air stream.
摘要翻译： 一种用于以半定量方式确定压缩空气流中的油雾量的测试试剂盒和方法，该方法包括从含有浓度待测油雾的压缩空气流中渗出小样品; 将压缩空气流直接冲击一定时间段，通过限定的孔口在包含紫外线辐射指示器的涂覆板的表面上捕获压缩空气流中的油雾颗粒，然后将测试板与 在紫外线辐射下已知浓度为油雾的标准板，以确定荧光淬灭的程度，作为压缩空气流中油雾量的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4057721A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-08
申请号：US684838
申请日：1976-05-10
CPC分类号： G01N21/85 , G01N21/64 , G01N33/1833
摘要： An oil-contaminated water stream is monitored by continuously exciting and measuring fluorescence in the stream at a monitoring point and producing a continuous monitoring indication accordingly, recurrently withdrawing from the stream samples of the contaminated water, determining the oil content of each sample by an infra-red absorption procedure, comparing each oil determination with the monitoring indication pertaining to the appropriate part of the stream and correcting or recalibrating the monitoring indication accordingly.
摘要翻译： 通过在监测点连续激发和测量流中的荧光来监测受油污染的水流，并相应地产生连续的监测指示，并从污染水的流样品中循环地排出，通过下文确定每个样品的油含量 将每个油测定与与流的适当部分相关的监测指示进行比较，并相应地校正或重新校准监测指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4034219A
公开(公告)日：1977-07-05
申请号：US679297
申请日：1976-04-22
CPC分类号： G01N21/15 , G01N33/1833
摘要： Oil and/or other material on the walls of a sample tube of an oil-in-water monitoring device is washed with a cleaning solution. In operation, a water sample is directed into the sample cell. Ultra-violet light is directed through the sample tube to the water sample. A detector detects energy emanating from the sample tube characteristic of oil. Valve means channels the cleaning solution through the sample tube to remove oil and/or other material that has accumulated on the walls of the sample tube. The valve means may be operated manually or by a programmable device.
摘要翻译： 在水包油监测装置的样品管壁上的油和/或其它材料用清洗溶液洗涤。 在操作中，将水样品引入样品池中。 紫外光通过样品管导入水样。 检测器检测从油样品管发出的能量。 阀装置通过样品管通道清洁溶液以除去积聚在样品管壁上的油和/或其它材料。 阀装置可以手动操作或由可编程装置操作。
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