公开(公告)号：US06950094B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-27

申请号：US10217725

申请日：2002-08-12

申请人： Gary B. Gordon ,  Derek L. Knee ,  Rajeev Badyal ,  Jason T. Hartlove

发明人： Gary B. Gordon ,  Derek L. Knee ,  Rajeev Badyal ,  Jason T. Hartlove

IPC分类号： G06F3/03 ,  G06F3/038 ,  G06F3/042 ,  G09G5/08

CPC分类号： G06F3/03543 ,  G06F3/0317 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/0346 ,  G06F3/038

摘要： An optical mouse images as an array of pixels the spatial features of generally any micro textured or micro detailed work surface below the mouse. The photo detector responses are digitized and stored as a frame into memory. Motion produces successive frames of translated patterns of pixel information, which are compared by autocorrelation to ascertain the direction and amount of movement. A hold feature suspends the production of movement signals to the computer, allowing the mouse to be physically relocated on the work surface without disturbing the position on the screen of the pointer. This may be needed if the operator runs out of room to physically move the mouse further, but the screen pointer still needs to go further. The hold feature may be implemented with an actual button, a separate proximity detector or by detecting the presence of a characteristic condition in the digitized data, such as loss of correlation or velocity in excess of a selected limit. A convenient place for an actual hold button is along the sides of the mouse near the bottom, where the thumb and the opposing ring finger grip the mouse. The gripping force used to lift the mouse engages the hold function. Hold may incorporate a brief delay upon either the release of the hold button, detection of proper proximity or the return of reasonable digitized values. During that delay any illumination control or AGC servo loops stabilize. A new reference frame is taken prior to the resumption of motion detection.

摘要翻译： 光学鼠标将像素的阵列图像通常位于鼠标下面的任何微纹理或微细的工作表面的空间特征。 光电检测器响应被数字化并作为帧存储到存储器中。 运动产生像素信息的平移图案的连续帧，其通过自相关比较以确定运动的方向和量。 保持功能将运动信号暂停生产到计算机，允许鼠标物理地重新定位在工作表面上，而不会干扰指示器屏幕上的位置。 如果操作者耗尽空间以进一步物理移动鼠标，则可能需要这一点，但是屏幕指针仍然需要进一步。 保持特征可以用实际按钮，单独的接近检测器或通过检测数字化数据中的特征状况的存在来实现，诸如超过所选极限的相关性或速度的损失。 实际按住按钮的一个方便的地方是靠近底部的鼠标的两侧，拇指和相对的无名指握住鼠标。 用于提升鼠标的夹紧力与保持功能接合。 保持可能会在保留按钮的释放，检测到适当的接近度或合理的数字化值的返回之间引入短暂的延迟。 在该延迟期间，任何照明控制或AGC伺服回路稳定。 在恢复运动检测之前采取新的参考系。

公开(公告)号：US06891143B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-10

申请号：US10283264

申请日：2002-10-30

申请人： Derek L. Knee ,  Thomas C. Oliver

发明人： Derek L. Knee ,  Thomas C. Oliver

IPC分类号： G06F1/32 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/042 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H04N5/369 ,  H01L27/00

CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 ,  G06F1/3203 ,  G06F1/3259 ,  G06F3/0421 ,  Y02D10/155

摘要： Pixels in an array of image sensor pixels contain photo-sensors. In response to illumination of a photo-sensor, an initial signal is generated. Multiple comparison signals are also generated based on the initial signal. One of the comparison signals remains internal to the pixel, and other comparison signals are transmitted to neighboring pixels. Within a pixel, the internal comparison signal is compared to a sum of comparison signals received from neighboring pixels. Based on the comparison, a data value may be latched and used for indicating a relative difference in pixel illumination.

摘要翻译： 图像传感器像素阵列中的像素包含光电传感器。 响应于光电传感器的照明，产生初始信号。 还基于初始信号产生多个比较信号。 比较信号中的一个保持在像素的内部，并且其他比较信号被发送到相邻像素。 在一个像素内，将内部比较信号与从相邻像素接收的比较信号的和进行比较。 基于该比较，可以锁存数据值并用于指示像素照明中的相对差异。

公开(公告)号：US06233368B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09040640

申请日：1998-03-18

申请人： Rajeev Badyal ,  Derek L. Knee ,  Mark A. Anderson ,  Brian J. Misek

发明人： Rajeev Badyal ,  Derek L. Knee ,  Mark A. Anderson ,  Brian J. Misek

IPC分类号： G06K954

CPC分类号： H04N5/23248 ,  H04N5/374

摘要： A CMOS digital integrated circuit (IC) chip on which an image is captured, digitized, and then processed on-chip in substantially the digital domain. A preferred embodiment comprises imaging circuitry including a photo cell array for capturing an image and generating a representative analog signal, conversion circuitry including an n-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter for converting the analog signal to a corresponding digital signal, filter circuitry including a spatial filter for edge and contrast enhancement of the corresponding image, compression circuitry for reducing the digital signal storage needs, correlation circuitry for processing the digital signal to generate result surface on which a minima resides representing a best fit image displacement between the captured image and previous images, interpolation circuitry for mapping the result surface into x- and y-coordinates, and an interface with a device using the chip, such as a hand-held scanner. The filter circuitry, the compression circuitry, the correlation circuitry and the interpolation circuitry are all advantageously embodied in an on-chip digital signal processor (DSP). The DSP embodiment allows precise algorithmic processing of the digitized signal with almost infinite hold time, depending on storage capability. The corresponding mathematical computations are thus no longer subject to the vagaries of CMOS chip structure processing analog signals. As a result, precise and accurate navigation enables a predictable, reliable and manufacturable design. Parameters may also be programmed into the DSP's “software,” making the chip tunable, as well as flexible and adaptable for different applications.

摘要翻译： 一种CMOS数字集成电路（IC）芯片，在其上拍摄图像，数字化，然后在基本上数字领域内片上处理。 优选实施例包括成像电路，其包括用于捕获图像并产生代表性模拟信号的光电池阵列，转换电路包括用于将模拟信号转换成相应数字的模拟信号的n位逐次逼近寄存器（SAR）模数转换器 信号滤波器电路，包括用于对应图像的边缘和对比度增强的空间滤波器，用于减少数字信号存储需求的压缩电路，用于处理数字信号以生成最小值所代表的最佳拟合图像位移的结果表面的相关电路 在捕获的图像和先前图像之间，用于将结果表面映射到x和y坐标的插值电路，以及与使用该芯片的设备（例如手持扫描器）的接口。 滤波器电路，压缩电路，相关电路和内插电路都有利地体现在片上数字信号处理器（DSP）中。 DSP实施例允许基于存储能力，具有几乎无限保持时间的数字化信号的精确算法处理。 因此，相应的数学计算不再受到CMOS芯片结构处理模拟信号的变幻莫测。 因此，精确和准确的导航可以实现可预测，可靠和可制造的设计。 参数也可以编程到DSP的“软件”中，使得芯片可调，以及灵活适应不同应用。

公开(公告)号：US6104020A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-15

申请号：US24092

申请日：1998-02-17

申请人： Derek L. Knee ,  Brian J. Misek

发明人： Derek L. Knee ,  Brian J. Misek

IPC分类号： H04N1/107 ,  G01D5/26 ,  H04N1/047 ,  H01L27/00

CPC分类号： G01D5/26 ,  H04N1/047 ,  H04N1/107 ,  H04N2201/0471

摘要： Circuitry provides an electronic shutter capability to photo-receiving circuitry for the purpose of disabling integration of a photo-generating charge on an integration capacitor until a reading device reads the integrated signal from the integrating capacitor. With an input from a shutter control line of a high logic voltage, the shutter discontinues charging of the integrating capacitor until the integration capacitor is selectively connected to a read line. Upon receipt of a low logic voltage signal from the shutter control line, the shutter allows the integration capacitor to integrate a photo-receiving charge. The electronic shutter therefore provides well controlled integration time via shutter control. Another advantage is that the integration time is completely independent of the cell reading rate. Since integration time is independent of the cell reading rate, the shutter module allows for automatic gain control of photo-receiver charge integration when exposed to a wide range of light through shutter control.

摘要翻译： 电路为光接收电路提供了电子快门功能，用于禁止集成电容上的光电荷积分，直到读取装置从积分电容器读取积分信号。 通过来自高逻辑电压的快门控制线的输入，快门中断积分电容器的充电，直到积分电容器选择性地连接到读取线。 在从快门控制线接收到低逻辑电压信号时，快门允许积分电容器集成照片接收电荷。 因此，电子快门通过快门控制提供良好控制的积分时间。 另一个优点是积分时间完全独立于细胞读数。 由于积分时间与单元读取速率无关，当通过快门控制暴露于宽范围的光时，快门模块允许对光电接收器电荷积分的自动增益控制。

公开(公告)号：US5589831A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-31

申请号：US380778

申请日：1995-01-30

申请人： Derek L. Knee

发明人： Derek L. Knee

IPC分类号： H03M1/36 ,  H03M1/44

CPC分类号： H03M1/363

摘要： A differential flash ADC includes an input follower differential input stage for receiving a differential input signal. The outputs of the differential input stage are coupled to legs of a differential resistive ladder having nodes cross-coupled to the inputs of a comparator array. Each leg of the differential resistor ladder is terminated by a current source.

摘要翻译： 差分闪存ADC包括用于接收差分输入信号的输入跟随器差分输入级。 差分输入级的输出耦合到具有交叉耦合到比较器阵列的输入的节点的差分电阻梯的支腿。 差分电阻梯的每条支线由电流源端接。