Abstract:
A focus detecting system includes first and second lens devices for forming first and second auxiliary images of an object on first and second detector devices, respectively. Each detector device includes a corresponding plurality of linearly displaced light responsive elements. Before initiating a focus detecting function, a light diffusing device is positioned in the light paths ahead of the detector devices to effect substantially equal illumination of the detector devices. A balancing circuit connected to the detector devices or the a balancing charge representative of any inequality in the signals fuel to the corresponding light responsive elements. When the focus detecting action is initiated, the light diffusing device is removed and one of the lens devices moves with respect to its associated detector device to shift the light distribution pattern of the corresponding auxiliary image. The moving lens device is so coupled to a moving objective lens, which focusses a principal image of the object on a light sensitive film, that when the principal image is in focus, equal amounts of light will fall on corresponding light responsive elements of the first and second detector devices. The stored balancing charge is combined with the signals provided by the photo responsive elements during a focus detecting operation to provide compensated signals which are then processed to effect the termination of the movement of the objective lens when the principal image is properly focussed.
Abstract:
A bidirectional line driver-receiver circuit operates in first and second modes. When operating in a first mode under the control of a first control signal, the circuit transfers input data signals from a pair of lines to a utilization device and when operating in a second mode under the control of a second control signal, the circuit transfers data output signals derived from the utilization device to the same pair of lines.
Abstract:
A voltage to frequency converter includes an integrating ramp generator the output of which is compared with a reference signal to produce an output pulse whenever the magnitude of the ramp signal reaches equality with the reference signal. The output signal is coupled back through a switching circuit to reset the integrating ramp generator each time an output pulse is produced. The slope of the ramp being a function of the magnitude of the input signal applied to the ramp generator, the frequency of the output pulses will be proportional to the magnitude of the applied input signal. In order to accomplish a relatively high frequency of output pulses without unduly increasing the frequency of the switching operation, a plurality of comparators are provided, each connected directly to the output of the ramp generator and each comparing the ramp signal with a different reference signal level. A pulse signal generator is connected to the output of each of the comparators to produce a pulse whenever the associated comparator recognizes an equality between the ramp signal and its unique reference signal. The output of the several pulse generators are coupled through an OR gate to an output circuit. The output pulse from the pulse generator coupled to the comparator to which the highest reference signal is applied is the only one coupled back to operate the switching circuit to reset the ramp generator.
Abstract:
A focus detecting system includes first and second lens devices for forming first and second auxiliary images of an object on first and second detector devices, respectively. Each detector device includes a plurality of linearly displaced light responsive elements. One of the lens devices is movable with respect to its associated detector device to shift the light distribution pattern of the corresponding auxiliary image in the direction of linear displacement of the light responsive elements. The movable lens device is so coupled to a movable objective lens, which focusses a principal image of the object on a light sensitive film, that when the principal image is in focus, the light distribution ppatterns of the first and second images will be correspondingly positioned with respect to the first and second detector devices, respectively. A reference signal of a predetermined frequency controls a switching circuit to compare the electrical signals from the light responsive elements in the first detector device, alternately, at the predetermined frequency of the reference signal, with electrical signals provided by first and second predetermined groups of the light responsive elements in the second detector array. Signals are thereby provided which are processed and phase-detected to provide an output signal representative of the direction that the objective lens is displaced from a focus position at which the principal image is in sharpest focus.
Abstract:
A thermoferrite thermostat is disclosed which includes a thermoferrite material having a temperature gradient established from one end to the other and having a Curie point temperature selected to fall between the extremes of said temperature gradient such that a Curie point interface is established which is defined as the dividing region between that portion of material which lies below said temperature and is therefore magnetic and a magnetic sensor which may be in form of a reed switch for sensing the position of said interface. Said temperature gradient may be established by either supplying current to a Curie point material having a non-uniform cross section or to a heater located at one end of a Curie point material.
Abstract:
A variable temperature dewar in which a heat load is thermally connected to a heat sink by a short heat pipe, the temperature of the load being varied by varying the pressure in the heat pipe to vary the boiling temperature of a cryogenic fluid contained therein, of which the liquid phase is in conductive thermal contact with the load and the gas phase is in conductive thermal contact with the sink.
Abstract:
A focus detecting system includes first and second lens devices for forming first and second auxiliary images of an object on first and second detector devices, respectively. Each detector device includes a plurality of linearly displaced light responsive elements. One of the lens devices is movable with respect to its associated detector device to shift the light distribution pattern of the corresponding auxiliary image in the direction of linear displacement of the light responsive elements. The movable lens device is so coupled to a movable objective lens, which focusses a principal image of the object on a light sensitive film, that when the principal image is in focus, the light distribution patterns of the first and second images will be correspondingly positioned with respect to the first and second detector devices, respectively. A reference signal of a predetermined frequency controls a switching circuit to compare the electrical signals from the light responsive elements in the first detector device, alternately, at the predetermined frequency of the reference signal, with electrical signals provided by first and second predetermined groups of the light responsive elements in the second detector array. Signals are thereby provided which are processed and phase detected to provide an output signal representative of the direction that the objective lens is displaced from a focus position at which the principal image is in sharpest focus.
Abstract:
A thickness-mode electroacoustic transducer wherein an active body of non-uniform thickness is employed to provide uniform wide-band frequency response. The body may be wedge-shaped, having non-parallel planar major surfaces. At least one of the major surfaces is subdivided into a two-dimensional array of poles by means of grooves formed in the surface for the purpose of providing improved frequency and directional response.
Abstract:
A selectable-function, logic module, capable of being implemented on a single large-scale integrated (LSI) chip, in which all logical operations, including internal control functions, are performed by read-only associative memory (ROAM) arrays. Such modules, capable of both static combinational logic and sequential logic, may be employed as the basic buildingblocks for large-scale processing systems or subsystems replacing the variety of discrete-function logic devices which would otherwise be employed.