Abstract:
Molten iron containing chromium is refined by oxygen being blown onto the surface of the molten metal while said surface is being kept free of slag; at the same time as the oxygen is being blown onto the surface of the metal, a molten iron is also subjected to vigorous stirring or agitation.
Abstract:
A molten metal in a container is treated with a gas. The gas is supplied through an opening, preferably a slit-shaped opening, in the bottom or lower wall portion of the container, thus forming bubbles which ascend in the molten metal. The container is rotated or shaken or vibrated so that a flow is created in the molten metal relative to the wall of the container. The molten metal thus passing by the gas supply opening removes the gas bubbles from the gas supply opening before the bubbles have had time to grow to the size they would have reached in stagnant molten metal.
Abstract:
The final phase of carbonaceous metal melt refining operation is carried out with a deficiency of oxygen in the furnace space in order to reduce the wear of the furnace lining without decreasing the content of iron oxide in the slag.
Abstract:
BLEACHING CELLULOSE PULP IN A MULTISTAGE LPROCESS WHEREIN THE PULP AT LOW CONSISTENCY (2.5-3.5%) IS BLEACHED WITH CHLORINE, THEN TREATED WITH ALKALI TO REMOVE THE MAJOR PORTION OF THE LIGNON CONTENT OF THE PULP, AND THEREAFTER TREATED WITH AN EXCELL OF ELEMENTAL CHLORINE AT A PULP CONCENTRATION OF NOT LESS THAN 5% AND AT A TEMPERATURE OF BELOW 35*C. SMALL AMOUNTS OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE (0.52 GM./KILO OF PULP) MAY OPTIONALLY BE ADDED TO THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE IN THE SECOND CHLORINE TREATMENT STEP. SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT STAGES MAY FOLLOW WHICH INCLUDE ALKALI WASHES AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE BLEACHINGS.