公开(公告)号：US20160097833A1

公开(公告)日：2016-04-07

申请号：US14506123

申请日：2014-10-03

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Liang Han ,  Matthew A. Mow ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  James G. Judkins ,  Victor Lee ,  Robert W. Schlub

IPC: G01R35/00 ,  G01R29/08 ,  H01Q1/24

CPC classification number: G01R35/005 ,  G01R29/0878 ,  H01Q1/243 ,  H01Q9/42 ,  H01Q13/10 ,  H04B17/103 ,  H04B17/14

Abstract: An electronic device may have control circuitry that uses a reflectometer to measure antenna impedance during operation. The reflectometer may have a directional coupler that is coupled between radio-frequency transceiver circuitry and an antenna. A calibration circuit may be coupled between the directional coupler and the antenna. The calibration circuit may have a first port coupled to the antenna, a second port coupled to the directional coupler, and a third port that is coupled to a calibration resistance. The reflectometer may have terminations of identical impedance that are coupled to ground. Switching circuitry in the reflectometer may be used to route signals from the directional coupler to a feedback receiver for measurement by the control circuitry or to ground through the terminations. Calibrated antenna reflection coefficient measurements may be used in dynamically adjusting the antenna.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以具有使用反射计在操作期间测量天线阻抗的控制电路。 反射计可以具有耦合在射频收发器电路和天线之间的定向耦合器。 校准电路可以耦合在定向耦合器和天线之间。 校准电路可以具有耦合到天线的第一端口，耦合到定向耦合器的第二端口和耦合到校准电阻器的第三端口。 反射计可具有与地耦合的具有相同阻抗的终端。 反射计中的开关电路可用于将来自定向耦合器的信号路由到反馈接收器，用于由控制电路进行测量或通过终端进行接地。 校准的天线反射系数测量可用于动态调整天线。

公开(公告)号：US08995926B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-31

申请号：US13629414

申请日：2012-09-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  Liang Han ,  Xu Han ,  Anand Lakshmanan ,  Nanbo Jin ,  Hongfei Hu ,  Dean F. Darnell ,  Joshua G. Nickel ,  Jayesh Nath ,  Yijun Zhou ,  Hao Xu ,  Yuehui Ouyang ,  Nirali Shah ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Robert W. Schlub ,  Ruben Caballero

IPC: H04B17/00 ,  H04W24/00 ,  H04W24/06

CPC classification number: H04W24/08 ,  H04B17/318 ,  H04B17/345 ,  H04W24/06

Abstract: Radio frequency test systems for characterizing antenna performance in various radio coexistence scenarios are provided. In one suitable arrangement, a test system may be used to perform passive radio coexistence characterization. During passive radio coexistence characterization, at least one signal generator may be used to feed aggressor signals directly to antennas within an electronic device under test (DUT). The aggressor signals may generate undesired interference signals in a victim frequency band, which can then be received and analyzed using a spectrum analyzer. During active radio coexistence characterization, at least one radio communications emulator may be used to communicate with a DUT via a first test antenna. While the DUT is communicating with the at least one radio communications emulator, test signals may also be conveyed between DUT 10 and a second test antenna. Test signals conveyed through the second test antenna may be used in obtaining signal interference level measurements.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于在各种无线电共存场景中表征天线性能的射频测试系统。 在一种合适的布置中，可以使用测试系统来执行被动无线电共存表征。 在被动无线电共存表征期间，可以使用至少一个信号发生器来将攻击者信号直接馈送到被测电子设备（DUT）内的天线。 攻击者信号可能在受害频段中产生不期望的干扰信号，然后使用频谱分析仪接收和分析。 在有源无线电共存表征期间，可以使用至少一个无线电通信仿真器来经由第一测试天线与DUT进行通信。 当DUT正在与至少一个无线电通信仿真器进行通信时，也可以在DUT 10和第二测试天线之间传送测试信号。 通过第二测试天线传送的测试信号可用于获得信号干扰电平测量。

公开(公告)号：US20240214021A1

公开(公告)日：2024-06-27

申请号：US18087396

申请日：2022-12-22

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Aditya N. Srivastava ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Tianchang Gu ,  Apexit Shah

IPC: H04B1/3827 ,  H04B1/401

CPC classification number: H04B1/3838 ,  H04B1/401

Abstract: Obstruction detecting logic may execute touch-sensing algorithms on the electronic device, which may detect when a user is gripping the electronic device from the side, when the fingers or hand of the user is on the edge of the electronic device, when the user is using one or more fingers to touch the electronic device, and may determine thumb and finger orientation. Using the touch-sensing methods, it may be determined which antennas are obstructed. To mitigate negative antenna performance due to the determined obstruction, one or more compensation actions may be taken. The touch-sensing algorithms may estimate user thumb/finger orientation and velocity, which may be used to predict future antenna occlusion (e.g., if the hand of the user is in motion).

公开(公告)号：US09882282B2

公开(公告)日：2018-01-30

申请号：US14921895

申请日：2015-10-23

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Basim H. Noori ,  Khan M. Salam ,  Liang Han ,  Matthew A. Mow ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Ruben Caballero ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Yi Jiang ,  Yuehui Ouyang

IPC: H01Q9/04 ,  H04W4/00

CPC classification number: H01Q9/0407 ,  H01Q5/35 ,  H04W4/80

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more dual-frequency dual-polarization patch antennas. Each patch antenna may have a patch antenna resonating element that lies in a plane and a ground that lies in a different parallel plane. The patch antenna resonating element may have a first feed located along a first central axis and a second feed located along a second central axis that is perpendicular to the first central axis. The patch antenna resonating element may be rectangular, may be oval, or may have other shapes. A shorting pin may be located at an intersecting point between the first and second axes. The patch antennas may be used in beam steering arrays. The patch antennas may be used for wireless power transfer at microwave frequencies or other frequencies and may be used to support millimeter wave communications.

公开(公告)号：US09843091B2

公开(公告)日：2017-12-12

申请号：US14701323

申请日：2015-04-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Xu Han ,  James G. Judkins ,  Liang Han ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  Nanbo Jin ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Victor C. Lee ,  Yuehui Ouyang

IPC: H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q13/10 ,  H01Q9/42 ,  H01Q5/321 ,  H01Q5/328 ,  H01Q5/335

CPC classification number: H01Q1/243 ,  H01Q5/321 ,  H01Q5/328 ,  H01Q5/335 ,  H01Q9/42 ,  H01Q13/10 ,  H01Q13/103

Abstract: An electronic device may have wireless circuitry with antennas. An antenna resonating element arm for an antenna may be formed from peripheral conductive structures running along the edges of a device housing that are separated from a round by an elongated opening. The electronic device may have a central longitudinal axis that divides the antenna resonating element arm and other antenna structures into symmetrical halves that exhibit mirror symmetry with respect to the central longitudinal axis. The antenna structures may include symmetrical slot antenna resonating elements on opposing sides of the central longitudinal axis. Electrical components such as switches and antenna tuning inductors may be coupled to the antenna structures in a configuration that is symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal axis. The electrical components may be used to place the antenna structures in an unflipped configuration or in a symmetrical flipped configuration.

公开(公告)号：US09523727B2

公开(公告)日：2016-12-20

申请号：US14980591

申请日：2015-12-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Liang Han ,  Matthew A. Mow ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  James G. Judkins ,  Victor C. Lee ,  Mattia Pascolini

IPC: H04B1/40 ,  G01R29/10 ,  H04B1/04 ,  H04B1/18

CPC classification number: G01R29/10 ,  H04B1/0458 ,  H04B1/18 ,  H04B1/40

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include wireless transceiver circuitry that transmits signals towards an antenna. A signal path may carry the transmitted signals to the antenna. Reflected signals from the antenna may be carried along the signal path towards the transceiver circuitry. Coupler circuitry may include a forward coupler that taps the transmitted signals, a first reverse coupler that taps the reflected signals from the antenna, and a second reverse coupler that taps the reflected signals that have passed through the first reverse coupler. Analog processing circuitry and digital processing circuitry may be used to produce an impedance measurement from the tapped signals from the coupler circuitry. The analog processing circuitry may include analog signal mixers, low pass filters, and analog-to-digital converter circuitry.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以设置有无线电路。 无线电路可以包括向天线发送信号的无线收发器电路。 信号路径可以将发送的信号传送到天线。 来自天线的反射信号可以沿着朝向收发器电路的信号路径传送。 耦合器电路可以包括分接所发送的信号的前向耦合器，从天线抽头反射的信号的第一反向耦合器，以及抽头已经穿过第一反向耦合器的反射信号的第二反向耦合器。 可以使用模拟处理电路和数字处理电路从来自耦合器电路的抽头信号产生阻抗测量。 模拟处理电路可以包括模拟信号混合器，低通滤波器和模数转换器电路。

公开(公告)号：US20160322699A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-03

申请号：US14701323

申请日：2015-04-30

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Xu Han ,  James G. Judkins ,  Liang Han ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  Nanbo Jin ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Victor C. Lee ,  Yuehui Ouyang

IPC: H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q13/10

CPC classification number: H01Q1/243 ,  H01Q5/321 ,  H01Q5/328 ,  H01Q5/335 ,  H01Q9/42 ,  H01Q13/10 ,  H01Q13/103

Abstract: An electronic device may have wireless circuitry with antennas. An antenna resonating element arm for an antenna may be formed from peripheral conductive structures running along the edges of a device housing that are separated from a round by an elongated opening. The electronic device may have a central longitudinal axis that divides the antenna resonating element arm and other antenna structures into symmetrical halves that exhibit mirror symmetry with respect to the central longitudinal axis. The antenna structures may include symmetrical slot antenna resonating elements on opposing sides of the central longitudinal axis. Electrical components such as switches and antenna tuning inductors may be coupled to the antenna structures in a configuration that is symmetrical with respect to the central longitudinal axis. The electrical components may be used to place the antenna structures in an unflipped configuration or in a symmetrical flipped configuration.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以具有带天线的无线电路。 用于天线的天线谐振元件臂可以由沿着器件外壳的边缘延伸的周边导电结构形成，该外围导电结构通过细长的开口与圆分离。 电子设备可以具有中心纵向轴线，其将天线谐振元件臂和其它天线结构分成相对于中心纵向轴线呈现镜像对称性的对称半部。 天线结构可以包括在中心纵向轴线的相对侧上的对称缝隙天线谐振元件。 诸如开关和天线调谐电感器的电气部件可以以相对于中心纵向轴线对称的配置耦合到天线结构。 电气部件可以用于将天线结构放置在未开启的配置或对称的翻转配置中。

公开(公告)号：US09444425B2

公开(公告)日：2016-09-13

申请号：US14310240

申请日：2014-06-20

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Liang Han ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  James G. Judkins ,  Enrique Ayala Vazquez ,  Jayesh Nath ,  Hongfei Hu ,  Nanbo Jin ,  Hao Xu ,  Yijun Zhou ,  Yuehui Ouyang ,  Victor Lee ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Ruben Caballero

IPC: H04B1/04 ,  H03H7/38 ,  H04B1/48 ,  H04B17/29 ,  H04B1/18 ,  H01Q11/12

CPC classification number: H03H7/38 ,  H04B1/0458 ,  H04B1/18 ,  H04B1/48 ,  H04B17/29

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. Control circuitry may be used to adjust the wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include antennas that are tuned, adjustable impedance matching circuitry, antenna port selection circuitry, and adjustable transceiver circuitry. Wireless circuit adjustments may be made by ascertaining a current usage scenario for the electronic device based on sensor data, information from cellular base station equipment or other external equipment, signal-to-noise ratio information or other signal information, antenna impedance measurements, and other information about the operation of the electronic device.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以设置有无线电路。 控制电路可用于调整无线电路。 无线电路可以包括被调谐的天线，可调阻抗匹配电路，天线端口选择电路和可调收发器电路。 可以通过基于传感器数据，来自蜂窝基站设备或其他外部设备的信息，信噪比信息或其他信号信息，天线阻抗测量等来确定电子设备的当前使用场景来进行无线电路调整 关于电子设备的操作的信息。

公开(公告)号：US20160204820A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：US14980574

申请日：2015-12-28

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Liang Han ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Victor Lee ,  James G. Judkins ,  Mattia Pascolini

IPC: H04B1/40

CPC classification number: H04B1/40 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q9/0442 ,  H04B1/0458 ,  H04B1/18

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more antennas. An antenna may have an antenna feed that is coupled to a radio-frequency transceiver with a transmission line. An impedance matching circuit may be coupled to the antenna feed to match the impedance of the transmission line and the antenna. The impedance matching circuit and tunable circuitry in the antenna may be formed using integrated circuits. Each integrated circuit may include switching circuitry that is used in switching components such as inductors and capacitors into use. Sensors such as temperature sensors, current and voltage sensors, power sensors, and impedance sensors may be integrated into the integrated circuits. Each integrated circuit may store settings for the switching circuitry and may include communications and control circuitry for communicating with external circuits and processing sensor data.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以设置有无线电路。 无线电路可以包括一个或多个天线。 天线可以具有耦合到具有传输线的射频收发器的天线馈送。 阻抗匹配电路可以耦合到天线馈电以匹配传输线和天线的阻抗。 天线中的阻抗匹配电路和可调谐电路可以使用集成电路形成。 每个集成电路可以包括用于将诸如电感器和电容器的部件切换到使用中的开关电路。 诸如温度传感器，电流和电压传感器，功率传感器和阻抗传感器的传感器可以被集成到集成电路中。 每个集成电路可以存储用于开关电路的设置，并且可以包括用于与外部电路通信和处理传感器数据的通信和控制电路。

公开(公告)号：US20160174293A1

公开(公告)日：2016-06-16

申请号：US14967772

申请日：2015-12-14

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew A. Mow ,  Mattia Pascolini ,  Thomas E. Biedka ,  Liang Han ,  Ming-Ju Tsai ,  Victor Lee ,  James G. Judkins

IPC: H04W88/06 ,  H04B1/3827 ,  H04B17/10 ,  H04L25/02

CPC classification number: H04W88/06 ,  H04B1/0053 ,  H04B1/3827 ,  H04B17/102 ,  H04B17/104 ,  H04L25/0264 ,  H04W84/042 ,  H04W84/12

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. An application processor may generate wireless data that is to be transmitted using the wireless circuitry and may process wireless data that has been received using the wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include multiple baseband processors, multiple associated radios, and front-end module and antenna circuitry. Sensors may be used to provide the application processor with sensor data. During operation, the application processor and the baseband processors may be used to transmit and receive wireless communications traffic. A multiradio controller integrated circuit that does not transmit or receive the wireless communications traffic may be used in controlling the wireless circuitry based on impedance measurements, sensor data, and other information.

Abstract translation: 电子设备可以设置有无线电路。 应用处理器可以生成将使用无线电路传输的无线数据，并且可以处理已经使用无线电路接收的无线数据。 无线电路可以包括多个基带处理器，多个相关联的无线电以及前端模块和天线电路。 传感器可以用于向应用处理器提供传感器数据。 在操作期间，应用处理器和基带处理器可用于发送和接收无线通信业务。 不发送或接收无线通信业务的多无线电控制器集成电路可以用于基于阻抗测量，传感器数据和其他信息来控制无线电路。