摘要:
Discharging the reaction water from the novel PEM fuel cells does not require humidification of the reaction gases or an increase in the gas pressure. This is attained in that a hydrophobic layer on the cathode side is used which has a smaller pore size than the layer on the anode side. The reaction water is removed via the anode during the operation of the fuel cell.
摘要:
A process for generating a hard mask for the patterning of a first layer includes applying a second layer, which includes carbon, to the first layer that is to be patterned. A third layer, which includes silicon and carbon, is spun onto the second layer and an organic antireflection coating layer that is to be used with an overlying photoresist layer patternable using 193 nm technology, is appllied to the spun-on third layer.
摘要:
A process for generating a hard mask for the patterning of a first layer includes applying a second layer, which includes carbon, to the first layer that is to be patterned. A third layer, which includes silicon and carbon, is spun onto the second layer and an organic antireflection coating layer is applied to the spun-on third layer.
摘要:
A thin, flat, and porous carbon gas diffusion electrode having a side in contact with a supply of gas and a side in contact with an electrolyte, comprises a pyrolysis product of a composite of an organic aerogel or xerogel and a reinforcing skeleton consisting at least in part of organic material. The porosity of the carbon gas diffusion electrode according to the invention can be regulated at will while the surface of the electrode is smooth.
摘要:
A gas diffusion electrode made of carbon, a process for producing an electrode and a carbonizable composite are provided. Thin, flat, porous gas diffusion electrodes made of carbon, which have a smooth surface and in which the porosity can be regulated at will, are obtained by pyrolysis of a composite of an organic polymer having a spatial globular structure (SGS polymer) and a reinforcing skeleton formed at least in part of organic material.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of tungsten-based hard mask etching of a wafer, comprising providing a patterned tungsten-based hard mask atop a metal-based surface of said wafer, etching through said pattern with a plasma etch that is selective for said metal-based surface with respect to tungsten, and executing a flash etch selective for tungsten, said etch of at least a minimum duration effective in removing substantially all defects caused by tungsten particulate contaminating said wafer. In another aspect of the first embodiment, said tungsten-based hard mask comprises a material selected from tungsten or an alloy thereof. In another aspect of the first embodiment, said metal based surface comprises a material selected from aluminum or an alloy thereof.