摘要:
This invention provides azetidinone derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## and processes for preparing the same. The azetidinone derivatives are used as the intermediates for producing cephalosporin compounds useful as antibiotic agents.
摘要:
This invention provides a process for preparing 3-exomethylenecepham derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is arylacetylamino, aryloxyacetylamino, heterocyclic acetylamino or imido, and R.sup.2 is a protective group for the carboxyl, the process being characterized in that a 3-halomethylcephem compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, and X is a halogen atom is electrolyzed in a mixture of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water.
摘要:
Cyclohexadiene derivatives represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## (wherein --X-- represents ##STR2## --Y-- represents ##STR3## and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent a lower alkyl group) and a process for preparing the same.
摘要:
In an inter-subsystem communication system which has a communication queue enqueued by one subsystem having processors and dequeued by another subsystem having processors, there is provided between the subsystems direct memory access means which permits either of the subsystems to directly access a memory of the other subsystem, and in a queue element enqueued by the one subsystem is inserted memory access control information necessary for accessing the one subsystem, whereby a high-grade function is performed by the plurality of subsystems. When the source subsystem issues an enqueue command, the queue element length of a queue element produced in response to the queue command is compared with a remaining space of the queue and, if the comparison result satisfies a predetermined condition, an overflow interruption is caused in the processor of the source subsystem, thereby to efficiently detect a queue overflow state or queue usable state.
摘要:
Sulfenimides are prepared by electrolytic oxidation of organic disulfides or mercaptans and imides. The electrolytic oxidation is accelerated by a halide compound.
摘要:
A tetraalkylthiuram disulfide is prepared in a higher yield without formation of by-products by subjecting the corresponding alkali metal dialkyldithiocarbamate to electrolytic oxidation, which is carried out in a two-layer electrolytic solution consisting essentially of either (1) water and carbon disulfide or (2) water and a mixture of carbon disulfide and a halogenated alkane of higher density than water, the carbon disulfide being predominant in the mixture, by means of electrodes placed in the aqueous layer containing the dialkyldithiocarbamate. The resulting disulfide is extracted to the lower layer of the electrolytic solution and is recovered from the layer. The dialkyldithiodicarbamate can be continuously produced in situ by adding carbon disulfide and dialkylamine gradually to the aqueous layer of the electrolytic solution, which contains an alkalimetal hydroxide produced during the electrolytic oxidation of the dialkyldithiocarbamate.
摘要:
Benzothiazolylsulfenamides are prepared in a high yield and substantially without a side reaction, via direct electrolytic oxidation, by cross-coupling (1) 2-mercaptobenzothiazole or dibenzothiazyl disulfide or an alkali metal salt of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with (2) a primary or secondary amine, in the presence of a solvent selected from a dipolar aprotic solvent, a protic solvent, water and mixtures thereof, as well as a supporting electrolyte having adaptability to the solvent.
摘要:
The present invention provides a method by which a 6-hydroxyethyl penam compound represented by General Formula (2) below can be produced with a high selectivity: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for carboxylic acid and X2 represents a halogen atom; the method including the steps of reacting a Grignard reagent with a halogeno penam compound represented by General Formula (1) below: wherein R and X2 are the same as above, and X1 represents a halogen atom; reacting the generated compound with an amine compound; and further reacting the generated compound with acetaldehyde.
摘要:
Disclosed is a process for producing a phosphine derivative from a phosphine oxide derivative, which comprises the following steps: (I) mixing a phosphine oxide derivative represented by formula (1) with a chlorinating agent in a polar organic solvent to cause the reaction between these components; and (II-1) adding a salt of a metal having an ionization tendency equal to or lower than that of aluminum to the reaction mixture and carrying out the reductive reaction in the presence of aluminum or (II-2) subjecting the reaction mixture to electrolytic reduction, thereby producing a phosphine derivative represented by formula (2). ArnR3-nP═O (1) ArnR3-nP (2) In formulae (1) and (2), Ar represents an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a phenyl group having a substituent, a heteroaromatic ring group, and a heteroaromatic ring group having a substituent; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a substituent; and n represents an integer of 0 to 3.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus includes a stage configured to hold an original thereon and to move in a horizontal direction, a first interferometer configured to emit first measurement light used for measuring a position of the stage in a vertical direction thereof, a first mirror provided on a bottom surface of the stage, and a second mirror provided directly below the first mirror. The second mirror is disposed so as to guide the first measurement light emitted from the first interferometer to the first mirror.