Abstract:
A lens and a method of forming a lens are included. A lens can include a plurality of concentric rings formed from a dielectric material interleaved by a plurality of gaps separating the plurality of concentric rings.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to planar sub-wavelength dielectric gratings that can be configured to control the beam profile of reflected and transmitted light. In one embodiment, a grating (200) includes a planar structure having a first surface and a second surface located opposite the first surface. The grating includes a non-periodic grating (201-203,210,212,216,218) formed within the first surface. For light incident on the first surface, a first portion of the light is reflected with a first wavefront shape and a first irradiance profile and a second portion of the light is transmitted with a second wavefront shape and a second irradiance profile.
Abstract:
Systems and methods employ a layer having a pattern that provides multiple discrete guided mode resonances for respective couplings of separated wavelengths into the layer. Further, a structure including features shaped to enhance Raman scattering to produce light of the resonant wavelengths can be employed with the patterned layer.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems for performing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. In one embodiment, a system (100, 400, 600, 800, 900, 950) for performing Raman spectroscopy comprises a substrate (102) substantially transparent to a range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation and a plurality of nanowires (104, 602) disposed on a surface of the substrate. The nanowires are substantially transparent to the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a material disposed on each of the nanowires. The electromagnetic radiation is transmitted within the substrate, into the nanowires, and emitted from the ends of the nanowires to produce enhanced Raman scattered light from molecules located on or in proximity to the material.
Abstract:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for obtaining images of objects with higher resolution than the diffraction limit. In one aspect, a method for collecting evanescent waves scattered from an object comprises electronically configuring a reconfigurable device to operate as a grating for one or more lattice periods using a computing device. Propagating waves scattered from the object pass through the reconfigurable device and a portion of evanescent waves scattered from the object are projected into the far field of the object. The method includes detecting propagating waves and detecting the portion of evanescent waves projected into the far field for each lattice period using an imaging system.
Abstract:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to dynamically and electronically reconfigurable optical devices that can be operated as a lens or prism for incident beams of electromagnetic radiation. The optical devices include a phase-modulation layer (1501) disposed between first and second nanowire layers (1502,1503). Overlapping nanowires can be electronically addressed to implement a selected effective refractive index pattern of one or more regions (1510) of the phase-modulation layer, such that each region refracts a portion of an incident beam of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of interest in order to focus, diverge, or bend the incident beam.
Abstract:
FIG. 1 is a front, right and top perspective view of a wheel for a cargo lift, showing my design. FIG. 2 is a rear, left and bottom perspective view thereof. FIG. 3 is a front elevation view thereof. FIG. 4 is a rear elevation view thereof. FIG. 5 is a left side elevation view thereof. FIG. 6 is a right side elevation view thereof. FIG. 7 is a top plan view thereof; and, FIG. 8 is a bottom plan view thereof. The broken lines depict portions of the wheel for a cargo lift that form no part of the claimed design.
Abstract:
An emissions control system for a vehicle having an exhaust system with an exhaust gas conduit and a catalytic converter configured to receive exhaust gas from an engine is provided. In one example implementation, the system includes an engine controller configured to control the engine to adjust an air to fuel ratio (lambda) thereof. The engine controller is configured to operate the engine with at least one of the following lambda control strategies (i) a first control strategy comprising operating at a first reference lambda modified by a first percent kick, and a first rich lambda lag time shorter than a first lean lambda lag time, and (ii) a second control strategy comprising operating at a second reference lambda modified by a second percent kick, and a second rich lag time longer than a second lean lambda lag time, to thereby simultaneously meet predetermined NOx and CO emissions targets.
Abstract:
A small-mode-volume, vertical-cavity, surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The VCSEL includes an active structure to emit light upon injection of carriers, and two reflecting structures at least one of which is a grating reflector structure. The active structure is disposed within at least one of the reflecting structures. The reflecting structures are configured as a vertical-cavity resonator of small mode-volume. An optical-bus transmitter including a plurality of small-mode-volume VCSELs, and a system including at least one optical bus and at least one optical-bus transmitter in a digital-information processor, or a data-processing center, are also provided.
Abstract:
An apparatus for dynamically varying an optical characteristic of a light beam includes an optical element configured to receive a beam of light. The optical element includes at least one sub-wavelength grating formed of a plurality of lines. The apparatus includes at least one actuator connected to at least one component of the optical element and a controller for controlling the at least one actuator to dynamically vary a characteristic of the beam of light that is at least one of emitted through and reflected from the optical element.