摘要:
There is provided a method of tracking an object in a three-dimensional (3-D) space by using particle filter-based acoustic sensors, the method comprising selecting two planes in the 3-D space; executing two-dimensional (2-D) particle filtering on the two selected planes, respectively; and associating results of the 2-D particle filtering on the respective planes.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a hold-down spring unit for a top nozzle of a nuclear fuel assembly. The hold-down spring unit is coupled to the upper end of the top nozzle of the nuclear fuel assembly. The hold-down spring unit includes a first spring which acts against a hold-down force with respect to the nuclear fuel assembly under start-up conditions or hot full power conditions of a nuclear reactor, and a second spring which acts against a hold-down force with respect to the nuclear fuel assembly under start-up conditions of the nuclear reactor. The present invention reduces the hold-down margin under start-up conditions or hot full power conditions, thus enhancing the mechanical and structural stability of the nuclear fuel assembly.
摘要:
An etching apparatus using a neutral beam includes an electron emission unit to convert an ion beam, extracted from plasma by a plurality of grids, into a neutral beam by colliding the ion beam with electrons to prevent the ion beam from physically colliding with the electron emission unit, thus preventing the damage to a neutralization unit and generation of foreign substances with a simple structure. Further, the etching apparatus converts the ion beam into the neutral beam at a high neutralizing efficiency without causing directionality and energy losses, and generates a neutral beam having a large area, thus uniformly etching a semiconductor wafer.
摘要:
An ion beam extractor controls a direction and an intensity of ion beams by adjusting a voltage applied to a grid having slits formed therein, thereby enhancing uniformity of an etching rate of a wafer, leading to an increase of productivity of semiconductor diodes. The ion beam extractor comprises an ion source to produce an ion beam and at least one grid located at a rear end of the ion source in a progressing path of the ion beam produced by the ion source to adjust a direction of the ion beam by controlling a voltage applied to the at least one grid.