Abstract:
An automatic programming apparatus includes a process division control section, which automatically divides a machining process executed to obtain a predetermined product shape from a material shape of a workpiece. The process division control section computes a removal shape, which is a shape to be removed from the material shape when executing the machining process, based on the material shape and the product shape. The process division control section defines a reference machining boundary that intersects a reference axis defined on the product shape and divides the volume of the removal shape into two equal parts. The process division control section defines, on the removal shape, a process division boundary that intersects the reference axis based on the reference machining boundary and the profile of the product shape. The machining process is divided into a first process and a second process with the process division boundary.
Abstract:
Fluorine-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (1), a monomer composition containing the (meth)acrylate, a low refractivity material prepared by curing the monomer composition, and a reflection reducing film provided with the low refractivity material. wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the same or different groups, and each stands for a hydrogen atom, an acryloyl group, or a methacryloyl group, at least one of R1 and R2 and at least one of R3 and R4 stand for an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, R stands for a fluoroalkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 2 or more fluorine atoms.
Abstract:
Fluorine-containing polyfunctional (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (1), as well as a composition, a low refractivity material and a reflection reducing film in which the (meth)acrylate is utilized: ##STR1## wherein X stands for a fluoroalkyl group of C1-14 having 3 or more F, or a fluorocycloalkyl group of C3-14 having 4 or more F; Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 stand for H, an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group, and at least two of Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.3 stand for an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group; Z stands for H or an alkyl group of C1-3; and n and m is an integer of 0 or 1, and n+m=1.
Abstract:
A navigation system detects a position of a vehicle, determines an area (i.e., a State) associated with the position of the vehicle, selects and loads a program corresponding to the area for controlling the provision of one or more navigation functions, and navigates the vehicle according to the loaded program. The program is based on a rule as to a navigation that is function enforced in the area in which the vehicle is located.
Abstract:
A charging roll which is held in contact with an outer circumferential surface of an image bearing medium for charging the surface of the image bearing medium by application of a DC voltage and an AC voltage which is superimposed on the DC voltage, the charging roll comprising: a center shaft; an electrically conductive base layer formed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft; an outer structure formed on an outer circumferential surface of the conductive base layer; and the charging roll having Asker C hardness of less than 48 degrees as measured upon application of 1 kg load thereto and micro rubber hardness in a range of 65-85 degrees as measured upon application of 33.85 g load thereto.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for controlling an optical printer where respective light emitting elements are energized for light emission based on one line amount of received image data for a time equal to an ON time of a strobe signal thereby to form an image on a photosensitive member. The strobe signal is selected from a group consisting of a predetermined number of base signals each having a different ON time and one or a plurality of composite signals each composed of a different combination of the base signals. The one line amount of image data are outputted for a number of times equal to the number of base signals, within a time allotted for one line amount of exposure. The light emitting elements corresponding to the image data are energized for light emission for a time equal to the ON time of the selected strobe signal.
Abstract:
A shredding machine which comprises a pair of juxtaposed cutting rollers for shredding paper material, a paper feed tray movable between lowered and elevated positions and adapted to support thereon the paper material to be shredded, a feed roller assembly for feeding the paper material from the paper feed tray towards the cutting rollers, a protective cover supported for movement between closed and opened positions and for covering a space above the paper feed tray when in the closed position; and a control for moving the paper feed tray from the elevated position towards the lowered position in response to the movement of the protective cover from the closed position towards the opened position.