摘要:
X- or .gamma.-ray scatter assemblies are used in quantitative determination of the concentration of ash in coke or coal. The assemblies each comprise an X- or .gamma.-ray source, an energy sensitive detector to detect X- or .gamma.-rays resulting from scatter in the coal or coke of X- or .gamma.-rays from the source, and shielding means adapted to reduce the intensity of direct X-rays or .gamma.-rays and to collimate partly the beam of X-rays and or .gamma.-rays to ensure maximized matched volumes for all assemblies and deep penetration in the coal. The assemblies are associated with an electronic analyzer adapted to select all or part of the detected X-ray or .gamma.-ray spectrum, thereby modifying the output of the assemblies. Two or more assemblies are employed in an apparatus and method for analyzing coal or coke.
摘要:
Apparatus for measuring the bulk density and mass flow rate of pulverized coal entrained in air along a duct 6 comprises beta radiation source means 7, radiation detection means 8 and a shield 9 to intercept direct radiation falling on the detector means which thereby measures the diffuse radiation scattered by the coal particles. That measurement plus a signal indicating linear coal particle speed is fed to a data processor which calculates the bulk density and mass flow rate.
摘要:
Fluid containing free gas and in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements chlorine and hydrogen. The counting rate for thermal neutron gamma rays for hydrogen permits a measure of the hydrogen index (HI) of the fluid to be obtained. The hydrogen index and the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrogen are used to obtain an indication of the presence and concentration of chlorine or salt water in the fluid.
摘要:
The fuel flow into the gasifier of a partial oxidation installation using solid fine-grain or dust-like fuel is determined by a radiometric density measurement of the fuel immediately prior to its entry into the gasifier and while the fuel particles are suspended in a gaseous or vaporous medium.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for dispensing particulate material in portions of predetermined weight by providing a flow of material measurable by a radiation detector, measuring the flow rate per unit time of the material and removing successive determined portions of the material from the flow when the measurement indicates that each such portion is of predetermined desired weight.
摘要:
A specific detector for measuring a property of a moving material may have a small detecting area or aperture. The aperture area is effectively enlarged by a circuit including an integrator, a delay device, and a linear combining circuit. The delay period of the delay device is varied in response to the relative velocity of the material being measured and the detector.
摘要:
The invention relates to improvements in crystallizers and more particularly, to the elutriation of the mix in a crystallization vessel, and measurement of the particle size distribution in the elutriated sample to obtain a control signal for controlling the parameters associated with the crystallization process.
摘要:
Aparatus for measuring and/or regulating the dust content of a gas stream comprising a conveyor pipe through which the gas stream is arranged to pass and a pair of tubes extending from the walls of the conveyor pipe and being substantially diametrically opposed, one of the tubes containing a radiation emitter, a foil between the emitter and the conveyor pipe and a nozzle between the foil and the conveyor pipe and the other of the tubes containing a receiver, a foil between the receiver and the conveyor pipe and a nozzle between the foil and conveyor pipe, said nozzles being adapted to be connected to a compressed gas source.
摘要:
A moisture gauge including a radiation source for irradiating with fast neutrons and gamma radiation a bulk substance having moisture contained therein, a detector responsive to gamma radiation which has interacted with a predetermined fractional cross-sectional area of the bulk substance to produce a first electrical signal correlated to the total weight of the bulk substance including contained moisture, and a detector which is responsive to slow neutrons generated by the interaction of fast neutrons and hydrogen atoms of the contained moisture in said predetermined fractional cross-sectional area to produce a second electrical signal correlated to the weight of the moisture contained in the bulk substance. An electrical circuit divides the moisture weight signal and total weight signal to provide an output correlated to the percent by weight of moisture contained in the bulk material.
摘要:
This invention relates to the feeding and analysis of particulate material and in particular to (1) the feeding of such materials at controlled rates, (2) the continuous dynamic measurement of particle size and other properties of the material being conveyed and (3) the provision of a chemical processing environment through which the material is conveyed under controlled conditions.