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公开(公告)号：US4933956A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US828397
申请日：1986-02-11
CPC分类号： H03M13/3944 , H03M13/1505 , H03M13/25 , H03M13/251 , H03M13/3916 , H03M13/41 , H03M13/451 , H03M13/458 , H04L27/3427 , H04L27/3438
摘要： A decoder including first and second decoding stages for selecting a codeword near to a given N-tuple r which is a sequence of N real values r.sub.i representing signals. The first stage includes substages associated respectively with sections r.sub.j of N-tuple r, each substage for evaluating distances between multiple sets of possible partial codewords and the section r.sub.j and for selecting a survivor from each of the multiple sets based on the distances. The second stage includes n-1 substages, each of which operates with respect to a supersection made up of a combination of two parts, each part being a section or a supersection combined in an earlier substage of the second stage and it includes a final substage which operates with respect to a final supersection whose parts make up the complete N-tuple r. Eachof the n-1 substages is for evaluating distances between multiple sets of possible partial codewords and the received values in the corresponding supersection based on the survivor distances for the survivors corresponding to each of the two parts and for selecting a survivor from each of the multiple sets based on the distances. The final substage is for evaluating distances between the codewords and the N-tuple r based on the survivor distances for the survivors corresponding to each of two parts, for selecting a finally decoded codeword based on the distances between the codewords and N-tuple r, and for providing information about the finally decoded codeword as decoder output.
摘要翻译： 一种解码器，包括用于选择靠近给定N元组r的码字的第一和第二解码级，其是表示信号的N个实数值ri的序列。 第一级包括分别与N元组r的部分rj相关联的子级，每个子级用于评估多组可能部分代码字之间的距离和部分rj，并且用于基于距离从多个组中的每一个选择幸存者。 第二阶段包括n-1个分段，每个分段相对于由两个部分的组合组成的超前操作，每个部分是在第二阶段的较早阶段中组合的部分或超文本，并且其包括最后的分段 对于其零件构成完整的N元组r的最终超检测操作。 对于n-1个子阶段，用于基于对应于两个部分中的每一个的幸存者的幸存者距离来评估多组可能的部分码字之间的距离和相应超视觉中的接收值的距离，并且用于从多个组合中的每一个选择幸存者 基于距离设置。 最后的子级用于基于对应于两个部分中的每一个的幸存者的幸存者距离来评估码字和N元组r之间的距离，用于基于码字和N元组r之间的距离来选择最终解码的码字， 并且用于提供关于最终解码的码字的信息作为解码器输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4761784A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-02
申请号：US4389
申请日：1987-01-15
CPC分类号： H03M13/25 , H04L27/3438
摘要： Disclosed is a modem including a transmitter having a convolutional encoder for transforming each group interval digital data into an expanded bit sequence having symbol-selecting bits and a frame of subset-selecting bits forming a plurality of bit groups, with each bit group designating a 2-dimensional subset and the symbol-selecting bits being used to select one 2-dimensional symbol from each of the selected subsets, the transmitter further providing modulation of a carrier signal, and a receiver wherein a commonality-seeking, branch cost calculator determines the candidate branch associated with the minimum cost N-dimensional symbol subset for each coset and a Viterbi decoder which determines the maximum likelihood path from a plurality of surviving paths formed from branches selected from the candidate branches.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种调制解调器，包括具有卷积编码器的发射机，用于将每个组间隔数字数据变换为具有符号选择位的扩展位序列和形成多个位组的子集选择位的帧，每个位组指定2 所述符号选择位用于从所选择的子集中的每一个中选择一个2维符号，所述发射机还提供载波信号的调制，以及接收机，其中寻求共同的分支成本计算器确定所述候选者 与每个陪集的最小成本N维符号子集相关联的分支以及从选自候选分支的分支形成的多个幸存路径中确定最大似然路径的维特比解码器。
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公开(公告)号：US4748626A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-31
申请号：US7860
申请日：1987-01-28
申请人： Chin-Pan Wong
发明人： Chin-Pan Wong
CPC分类号： H03M13/41 , H03M13/00 , H04L27/3438
摘要： Disclosed is a modem including a transmitter having a convolutional encoder for transforming each time unit digital data into an expanded bit sequence having symbol-selecting bits and subset-selecting bits, the transmitter further providing modulation of a carrier signal and a receiver wherein a Viterbi decoder determines the maximum likelihood path through a trellis from a plurality of surviving paths using a wraparound memory wherein in each addressable location indexed to a current state of a surviving path there is stored a previous state of that surviving path.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种调制解调器，包括具有卷积编码器的发射机，用于将每个时间单位数字数据变换为具有符号选择位和子集选择位的扩展位序列，发射机还提供载波信号的调制和接收机，其中维特比解码器 使用环绕存储器确定来自多个幸存路径的网格的最大似然路径，其中在索引到幸存路径的当前状态的每个可寻址位置中存储该幸存路径的先前状态。
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公开(公告)号：US4583236A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-15
申请号：US698466
申请日：1985-02-05
CPC分类号： H04L27/3818 , H04L27/00 , H04L27/3433 , H04L27/3438
摘要： Disclosed is a modulation-demodulation system and method for transmitting a plurality of sequentially received information bit sequences, the system including a transmitter having a state machine for expanding by a coding process each information bit sequence into an expanded bit sequence with a coded bit group portion and, in some cases, an uncoded bit group portion. The transmitter further includes a modulator for modulating a carrier signal by one of a plurality of multilevel symbols in a two-dimensional complex plane in response to each sequentially applied expanded bit sequence, with the coded bit group portion being used to specify a subset of the multilevel symbols which when rotated in the complex plane maps upon another subset for each adverse angular rotation and the uncoded bit group portion being used to specify for a selected multiple symbol subset the transmitted multilevel symbol of the carrier signal. The system further includes a receiver having a demodulator and slicer for demodulating and detecting the modulated carrier signal to obtain the expanded bit sequences; a phase rotation detector, coupled to the slicer, for uniquely identifying each adverse angular rotation by analyzing a plurality of non-rotated and rotated sequentially received coded bit group portions; and a phase corrector, coupled to the phase rotation detector, for compensating for the adverse angular rotation.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于发送多个顺序接收的信息比特序列的调制解调系统和方法，该系统包括具有状态机的发射机，用于通过编码处理将每个信息比特序列扩展为具有编码比特组部分的扩展比特序列 并且在一些情况下，是未编码的位组部分。 所述发射机还包括调制器，用于响应于每个顺序应用的扩展比特序列，在二维复平面中的多个多电平符号中的一个调制载波信号，所述编码比特组部分用于指定所述载波信号的子集 当在复平面中旋转时，多级符号映射到每个不利角旋转的另一子集，并且未编码位组部分被用于为所选择的多符号子集指定所传输的载波信号的多电平符号。 该系统还包括具有用于解调和检测调制载波信号以获得扩展比特序列的解调器和限幅器的接收机; 相位旋转检测器，耦合到限幅器，用于通过分析多个非旋转和旋转的顺序接收的编码位组部分来唯一地识别每个不利的角旋转; 以及相位校正器，耦合到相位旋转检测器，用于补偿不利的角旋转。
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公开(公告)号：US4084137A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-11
申请号：US717439
申请日：1976-08-24
申请人： George R. Welti
发明人： George R. Welti
CPC分类号： H04L27/3438 , H04B14/008 , H04L27/362 , H04L27/3827
摘要： Phase and amplitude modulation of single or multiple pulses and/or dual polarizations are used in a digital communications system which transmits multidimensional codes. Four dimensional code transmission is specifically disclosed, although the scheme may be extended to eight-dimensional and even 16-dimensional code transmission. The four-dimensional codes are constructed by mapping a digital word into two two-dimensional plane as two sets of x and y coordinates. Signals proportional to these x and y coordinates are used to modulate a transmitted pulse or pulses. When a single pulse is used to transmit the four-dimensional code, polarization modulation is used. A signal proportional to the square root of the sum of the squares of the coordinates assigned to both the horizontal and vertical polarizations is used to control the total RF amplitude of the pulse. A signal proportional to the ratio of the square roots of the sum of the squares to each set of coordinates is used to control the ratio of horizontal to vertical polarization. Finally, the phases of the two polarizations are controlled by signals proportional to the ratios of the coordinates in the respective sets of coordinates. When two pulses are used to transmit the four-dimensional code, quadrature amplitude modulation is used. Signals proportional to the coordinates of each set are used to quadrature amplitude modulate a respective one of the two pulses. Encoding and decoding between digital and the four-dimensional code is accomplished with read only memories.
摘要翻译： 在发送多维码的数字通信系统中使用单个或多个脉冲和/或双极化的相位和幅度调制。 具体地公开四维码传输，尽管该方案可以扩展到八维甚至十六维码传输。 通过将数字字映射成两个x和y坐标的两个二维平面来构造四维码。 与这些x和y坐标成比例的信号用于调制发射的脉冲或脉冲。 当使用单个脉冲来传输四维码时，使用偏振调制。 使用与分配给水平和垂直偏振的坐标的平方和的平方根成比例的信号来控制脉冲的总RF幅度。 使用与平方和的平方根与每组坐标的比例成比例的信号来控制水平与垂直偏振的比率。 最后，两个极化的相位由与各组坐标中的坐标的比例成比例的信号控制。 当使用两个脉冲发送四维码时，使用正交幅度调制。 与每组的坐标成比例的信号用于对两个脉冲中的相应一个进行正交幅度调制。 数字与四维码之间的编码和解码是用只读存储器完成的。
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公开(公告)号：US09209834B2
公开(公告)日：2015-12-08
申请号：US13907737
申请日：2013-05-31
申请人： BROADCOM CORPORATION
发明人： Tak K. Lee , Ba-Zhong Shen , Kelly Brian Cameron , Hau Thien Tran
CPC分类号： H04L27/3438 , H03M13/05 , H03M13/37 , H03M13/617 , H04L1/0041 , H04L27/362
摘要： The present disclosure presents symbol mapping for any desired error correction code (ECC) and/or uncoded modulation. A cross-shaped constellation is employed to perform symbol mapping. The cross-shaped constellation is generated from a rectangle-shaped constellation. Considering the rectangle-shaped constellation and its left hand side, a first constellation point subset located along that left hand side are moved to be along a top of the cross-shaped constellation while a second constellation point subset located along that left hand side are moved to be along a bottom of the cross-shaped constellation. For example, considering an embodiment having four constellation point subsets along the left hand side of the rectangle-shaped constellation, two of those subsets are moved to be along the top of the cross-shaped constellation while two other subsets of the constellation points along the left hand side are moved to be along the bottom of the cross-shaped constellation.
摘要翻译： 本公开提供了用于任何期望的纠错码（ECC）和/或未编码调制的符号映射。 采用十字形星座进行符号映射。 十字形星座由矩形星座产生。 考虑到矩形星座及其左手侧，沿着左手侧定位的第一星座点子集沿着十字形星座的顶部移动，而沿着该左手侧的第二星座点子集被移动 沿着十字形星座的底部。 例如，考虑到具有沿着矩形星座的左手侧的四个星座点子集的实施例，这些子集中的两个被移动为沿着十字形星座的顶部移动，而星座点的另外两个子集沿着 左手侧被移动到十字形星座的底部。
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公开(公告)号：US09143785B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-22
申请号：US13660861
申请日：2012-10-25
申请人： Allen LeRoy Limberg
发明人： Allen LeRoy Limberg
CPC分类号： H04N19/89 , H03M13/1102 , H03M13/152 , H03M13/258 , H03M13/27 , H03M13/2732 , H03M13/2936 , H03M13/2957 , H03M13/2966 , H03M13/6331 , H04L1/0041 , H04L1/005 , H04L1/0065 , H04L1/0066 , H04L27/2634 , H04L27/2649 , H04L27/3438
摘要： Turbo-coded data are transmitted using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of COFDM carrier waves in digital television (DTV) broadcast systems. The QAM symbol constellations map the parity bits of the turbo coded data so as to be de-mapped with higher confidence levels than the data bits, facilitating turbo decoding. A preferred DTV receiver delays the first transmissions of time-slices of a service selected for iterative-diversity reception to concur with second transmissions of those time-slices. The complex coordinates of QAM constellations in the delayed first transmission and the second transmission of the same time-slice are combined by a maximal-ratio QAM combiner after COFDM demodulation, but before de-mapping QAM constellations and turbo decoding. In a less-preferred DTV receiver, QAM constellations in the delayed first transmission of each time-slice and in the second transmission of the same time-slice are de-mapped separately. A maximal-ratio code combiner then combines de-mapping results before turbo decoding.
摘要翻译： Turbo编码的数据使用数字电视（DTV）广播系统中的COFDM载波的正交幅度调制（QAM）来传输。 QAM符号星座映射turbo编码数据的奇偶校验位，以便以比数据位更高的置信度水平进行解映射，便于turbo解码。 优选的DTV接收机延迟选择用于迭代分集接收的服务的时间片段的第一次传输以与那些时间片段的第二次传输相一致。 在COFDM解调之后，在解映射QAM星座和turbo解码之前，通过最大比QAM组合器将延迟的第一次传输中的QAM星座的复坐标和相同时间片的第二次传输组合。 在较不优选的DTV接收机中，分别对每个时间片的延迟首次传输和相同时间片的第二次传输中的QAM星座进行解映射。 然后，最大比码合成器在turbo解码之前组合解映射结果。
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公开(公告)号：US07630453B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-08
申请号：US11073584
申请日：2005-03-08
申请人： Seiichi Noda
发明人： Seiichi Noda
CPC分类号： H04L27/3438
摘要： Disclosed is a method and a system for performing N-ary modulation in which bit errors may be reduced against symbol error. A binary signal, a bit length thereof being n, is associated with N-ary signals arranged in first and second phase planes respectively for transmission, wherein N is not a number belonging to powers of 2 but is a number belonging to a series beginning from 12 and sequentially doubled, that is, any one of 12, 24, 48, 96, . . . , and wherein n is such that, if the bit length n is 7, 9, 11, 13, . . . , the number N is 12, 24, 48, 96, . . . , respectively, two out of the n bits are allocated for identifying four quadrants of the first phase plane, two out of the remaining (n−2) bits are allocated for identifying four quadrants of the second phase plane. The binary signal of three out of the n bits is converted into two digits of ternary signals (T1, T2). The ternary signals are mapped to the first and second phase planes with rotational symmetry of 90° or with axial symmetry.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于执行N-ary调制的方法和系统，其中针对符号错误可能减少比特错误。 二进制信号（其位长度为n）分别与布置在第一和第二相平面中的N元信号相关联，用于传输，其中N不是属于2的幂的数，而是属于从 12，依次翻倍，即12,24,48,96等任何一个。 。 。 ，并且其中n是这样的，如果位长度n是7,9,11,13。 。 。 数字N为12,24,48,96。 。 。 分配n位中的两个被分配用于识别第一相平面的四个象限，剩余（n-2）位中的两个被分配用于识别第二相位面的四个象限。 n位中三位的二进制信号被转换成三位数字（T1，T2）的两位数字。 三进制信号被映射到旋转对称为90°或轴对称的第一和第二相位面。
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39.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06421395B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-16
申请号：US09247704
申请日：1999-02-09
申请人： Lee-Fang Wei
发明人： Lee-Fang Wei
IPC分类号： H04L2302
CPC分类号： H04L1/007 , H04L1/0003 , H04L1/0054 , H04L1/006 , H04L1/18 , H04L25/03235 , H04L27/3438
摘要： A portion of signal points that appear at predetermined positions in a signal point stream and that benefit less from a particular form of error immunity—e.g., conversion gain—are transmitted in such a way that their robustness against errors is at least as great as that of the signal points that benefit more therefrom. In preferred packet transmission embodiments of the invention, the ending signal points of a packet are transmitted using a signal point constellation that has fewer signal points than the constellation that is used for the other signal points in the packet.
摘要翻译： 出现在信号点流中的预定位置处的信号点的一部分，并且从特定形式的错误抗扰性（例如，转换增益）中获益较少 - 以这样的方式传输，使得它们对错误的鲁棒性至少与 的信号点更受益。 在本发明的优选分组传输实施例中，使用具有比用于分组中的其他信号点的星座更少的信号点的信号点星座来发送分组的结束信号点。
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公开(公告)号：US5548615A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US57060
申请日：1993-05-03
申请人： Lee-Fang Wei
发明人： Lee-Fang Wei
IPC分类号： H03M7/14 , H03M13/25 , H04L27/00 , H04L27/18 , H04L27/34 , H04L27/10 , G06F11/10 , H04L5/12 , H04L25/34
CPC分类号： H04L27/3438 , H04L27/186
摘要： A rotationally invariant, multilevel coded modulation scheme is provided by partitioning a constellation, such as an M-PSK or QAM constellation, into several trellis-subsets, each of which is further partitioned into block subsets. The input bits are then encoded to select a signal point from the constellation. A first portion of the input bits are differentially encoded. A second portion of the input bits, together with at least one of the differentially encoded bits, are trellis encoded to select a trellis subset of the constellation. A third portion of the input bits--excluding any differentially encoded bits --are block encoded to select a block subset from the selected trellis subset. A fourth portion of the input bits, together with the remaining differentially encoded bits, are used to select a signal point from the selected block subset.
摘要翻译： 通过将诸如M-PSK或QAM星座的星座划分成几个网格子集来提供旋转不变的多电平编码调制方案，每个网格子集进一步被划分成块子集。 然后对输入位进行编码，以从星座中选择一个信号点。 输入位的第一部分被差分编码。 输入位的第二部分以及差分编码位中的至少一个被格子编码以选择星座的网格子集。 输入比特的第三部分（不包括任何差分编码的比特）被块编码以从所选网格子集中选择块子集。 输入位的第四部分与剩余的差分编码位一起用于从所选择的块子集中选择一个信号点。
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