Wafer carrier for chemical mechanical planarization polishing

    公开(公告)号:US6113479A

    公开(公告)日:2000-09-05

    申请号:US900184

    申请日:1997-07-25

    CPC classification number: B24B37/30 B24B41/061 B24B49/04

    Abstract: An apparatus, and particularly, a wafer carrier for polishing the face of a semiconductor wafer are provided. The wafer carrier forms a first cavity which can be pressure controlled to vary the shape of a face of a platen which contacts the wafer during polishing. A second cavity within the first cavity is provided. The second cavity can be independently pressure controlled to form a vacuum for holding the wafer against the platen surface or for forming a pressure stream to separate the wafer from the platen and/or to purge the holes in the surface of the platen. A non-contact displacement sensor capable of measuring a distance between the wafer carrier mount and the platen, may be provided. An endpoint detector capable of detecting a relative surface roughness of the wafer, to determine when the wafer has been sufficiently polished, may also be provided. A ring is peripherally located about an outer edge of the platen, and is mounted and positioned to resist lateral forces on the wafer during polishing. The ring is adjustably mounted so as to be variably and controllably vertically positioned, with respect to the wafer to help control standing waves in the polishing media and uneven polishing of the wafer surface.

    Trading system having increased liquidity provision
    44.
    发明授权
    Trading system having increased liquidity provision 有权
    增加流动性提供的交易系统

    公开(公告)号:US08577784B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-11-05

    申请号:US13482486

    申请日:2012-05-29

    CPC classification number: G06Q40/04 G06Q30/0601

    Abstract: An anonymous trading system includes a prime broker facility that allows a third party to trade on behalf of an institution. A deal is executed between the third party and a counter-party and a further deal is then executed between the third party and the party on whose behalf it has traded. The second deal may be for the same amount as the first deal or may be altered to include the third party's fee for conducting the first deal. Clients of the third party have prices available to them for trades made via the third party which are displayed at their trader terminals. The client sees that a better price is available though the third party than by dealing direct and selects to conduct a deal through the third party.

    Abstract translation: 一个匿名的交易系统包括一个主要的经纪人设施,允许第三方代表一个机构进行交易。 第三方与对方之间签订协议,再由第三方与其交易的代理方签订进一步协议。 第二笔交易可能与第一笔交易相同,或可能被更改,以包括第三方进行第一笔交易的费用。 第三方的客户可以通过第三方在其交易终端上显示的交易获得价格。 客户认为,通过第三方可以获得更好的价格,而不是直接交易,并通过第三方进行交易。

    Control method for a common rail fuel pump and apparatus for performing the same
    45.
    发明授权
    Control method for a common rail fuel pump and apparatus for performing the same 有权
    共轨燃油泵的控制方法及其执行装置

    公开(公告)号:US08516995B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-08-27

    申请号:US12843956

    申请日:2010-07-27

    Applicant: James Sinclair

    Inventor: James Sinclair

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a fuel pump assembly comprising a plurality of pump elements, each pump element comprising a cam-driven plunger to perform at least one pumping event per engine revolution and a control valve. Each pumping event corresponds to an associated cam lobe of the associated cam. The method comprises, for each pumping event of each pump element, controlling the control valve of said pump element in response to an output control signal derived from at least one previous pumping event. Fuel pressure is measured within a rail volume and compared with a demanded rail pressure value to derive a rail pressure error. A proportional term and an integral term for the rail pressure error are derived and combined to derive the output control signal. Monitoring of the integral term for each pumping event provides a means for identifying and diagnosing a fault condition.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于控制包括多个泵元件的燃料泵组件的方法和装置,每个泵元件包括凸轮驱动的柱塞,用于每发动机转速执行至少一个泵送事件和控制阀。 每个泵送事件对应于相关凸轮的相关凸轮凸角。 该方法包括对于每个泵元件的每个泵送事件,响应于从至少一个先前泵送事件导出的输出控制信号来控制所述泵浦元件的控制阀。 在轨道容积内测量燃料压力,并与要求的轨道压力值进行比较以导出轨道压力误差。 导出与压力误差的比例项和积分项,并组合起来导出输出控制信号。 监测每个泵送事件的积分项提供了识别和诊断故障状况的手段。

    Execution of multiparty trades on a computerized trading system
    46.
    发明授权
    Execution of multiparty trades on a computerized trading system 有权
    在电脑交易系统上执行多方交易

    公开(公告)号:US08275693B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-09-25

    申请号:US12435553

    申请日:2009-05-05

    CPC classification number: G06Q40/04 G06Q30/0601

    Abstract: An anonymous trading system includes a prime broker facility that allows a third party to trade on behalf of an institution. A deal is executed between the third party and a counter-party and a further deal is then executed between the third party and the party on whose behalf it has traded. The second deal may be for the same amount as the first deal or may be altered to include the third party's fee for conducting the first deal. Clients of the third party have prices available to them for trades made via the third party which are displayed at their trader terminals. The client sees that a better price is available though the third party than by dealing direct and selects to conduct a deal through the third party.

    Abstract translation: 一个匿名的交易系统包括一个主要的经纪人设施,允许第三方代表一个机构进行交易。 第三方与对方之间签订协议,再由第三方与其交易的代理方签订进一步协议。 第二笔交易可能与第一笔交易相同,或可能被更改,以包括第三方进行第一笔交易的费用。 第三方的客户可以通过第三方在其交易终端上显示的交易获得价格。 客户认为,通过第三方可以获得更好的价格,而不是直接交易,并通过第三方进行交易。

    Electronic trading system having increased liquidity provision
    47.
    发明授权
    Electronic trading system having increased liquidity provision 有权
    增加流动性提供的电子交易系统

    公开(公告)号:US07925569B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-04-12

    申请号:US10694758

    申请日:2003-10-29

    CPC classification number: G06Q40/04 G06Q30/0601

    Abstract: An anonymous trading system includes a prime broker facility that allows a third party to trade on behalf of an institution. A deal is executed between the third party and a counter-party and a further deal is then executed between the third party and the party on whose behalf it has traded. The second deal may be for the same amount as the first deal or may be altered to include the third party's fee for conducting the first deal. Clients of the third party have prices available to them for trades made via the third party which are displayed at their trader terminals. The client sees that a better price is available though the third party than by dealing direct and selects to conduct a deal through the third party.

    Abstract translation: 一个匿名的交易系统包括一个主要的经纪人设施,允许第三方代表一个机构进行交易。 第三方与对方之间签订协议,再由第三方与其交易的代理方签订进一步协议。 第二笔交易可能与第一笔交易相同,或可能被更改,以包括第三方进行第一笔交易的费用。 第三方的客户可以通过第三方在其交易终端上显示的交易获得价格。 客户认为,通过第三方可以获得更好的价格,而不是直接交易,并通过第三方进行交易。

    METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CRYSTALLIZATION BY CONTROLLED EVAPORATION
    48.
    发明申请
    METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CRYSTALLIZATION BY CONTROLLED EVAPORATION 有权
    通过控制蒸发进行结晶的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US20100314051A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-12-16

    申请号:US12483787

    申请日:2009-06-12

    Abstract: Methods and devices for controlled evaporation of solvent from a solution are provided. In one embodiment, the device can control evaporation of different solutions comprising solvents of dissimilar volatilities simultaneously. In another embodiment, control over the flow of solvent vapor out of the device is provided by selecting the pressure at an inlet port and an exhaust port of the device. In yet another embodiment, control over the flow of solvent vapor out of the device is provided by selecting the size of a disk flow control orifice positioned between the wells and a vapor removal outlet of the device. In still another embodiment, control over the flow of solvent vapor out of the device is provided by the opening and closing of the vapor removal outlet of the device. In yet a further embodiment, the rate of evaporation of solvent is controlled by controlling the temperature of the solution. The flow rate control mechanisms can be used alone or in any combination to control evaporation of one or more solvents from solutions.

    Abstract translation: 提供了从溶液中控制溶剂蒸发的方法和装置。 在一个实施方案中,该装置可以同时控制包含不同挥发性溶剂的不同溶液的蒸发。 在另一个实施例中,通过选择装置的入口和排气口处的压力来提供通过装置流出的溶剂蒸气的控制。 在另一个实施方案中,通过选择位于孔之间的盘流量控制孔和装置的蒸汽除去出口的尺寸来提供从装置出来的溶剂蒸气流的控制。 在另一个实施方案中,通过打开和关闭装置的蒸汽除去出口来提供从装置出来的溶剂蒸气流的控制。 在又一个实施方案中,通过控制溶液的温度来控制溶剂的蒸发速率。 流量控制机构可以单独使用或以任何组合使用以控制溶液中的一种或多种溶剂的蒸发。

    Deflection sensors
    49.
    发明授权
    Deflection sensors 失效
    偏转传感器

    公开(公告)号:US06646563B1

    公开(公告)日:2003-11-11

    申请号:US09857261

    申请日:2001-06-01

    CPC classification number: G08B13/122

    Abstract: A deflection sensor for a taut wire perimeter fence detection system, which can be installed after the fence wire has been installed easily, and the sensor the operates in line with the wire tension. The sensor includes a plate member adapted to be pivotally mounted, a first wire attachment point at one end of said plate member, a second wire attachment point remote from said first wire attachment point and a transducer or sensor element located on said plate member between the attachment points. The taut wire type detection system including at least one taut wire for a perimeter fence supported by a plurality of posts, at least one deflection sensor being pivotally mounted to one of the posts or a support thereon and a sensor processing circuit for interrogating the at least one deflection sensor and to provide an alarm indication on tampering of the at least one taut wire or the at least one deflection sensor.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于拉紧钢丝周边围栏检测系统的偏转传感器,可以在围栏安装方便后安装,传感器与导线张力一致。 传感器包括适于被枢转地安装的板构件,在所述板构件的一端处的第一线附接点,远离所述第一线附接点的第二线附接点和位于所述板构件之间的换能器或传感器元件 附件点。 拉紧线型检测系统包括用于由多个柱支撑的周边围栏的至少一个拉紧线,至少一个偏转传感器可枢转地安装到其中一个柱或其上的支撑件上,以及传感器处理电路,用于至少询问 一个偏转传感器,并且在篡改至少一个拉紧线或至少一个偏转传感器时提供报警指示。

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