摘要:
Time synchronization among nodes in a wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is obtained using a cross layer approach. Each node maintains a routing table that contains entries corresponding to other nodes of the network that are one or more hops away from the node, and topology messages are exchanged periodically among the nodes in order to update their routing tables. A network master node is selected, and remaining nodes that are one or more hops away from the master node are defined as slave nodes. The master node includes master timing information the topology messages that it transmits. The timing information is concatenated to include a first time (T1) at which a topology message was received by the master from each of the slave nodes, and a second time (td) at which the master node transmits a topology message after receiving all the topology messages from the slave nodes.
摘要:
Communications in a mobile network are scheduled by defining reservation frames having time slots during which network nodes can transmit certain traffic loads while avoiding interference. The nodes maintain maps that identify the slots as either free or reserved based on each node's existing reservations, and reservation information the node receives from neighboring nodes. A node wishing to transmit traffic determines the number of slots required to carry the traffic, selects a first set of slots from among those identified in its maps as free, and transmits a reservation initiation message (RIM) that identifies the first set of slots. Nodes receiving the RIM determine which, if any, of the first set of slots are already reserved based on their own maps, and transmit counter reservation initiation messages (CRIMs) if any slots are reserved. The CRIMs also identify those slots that the CRIM transmitting nodes determine to be currently free.
摘要:
The subject invention discloses materials and methods for the design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of chromogenic substrate compounds for sialidases of bacterial, viral, protozoa, and vertebrate (including humans) origin. In particular, this invention provides a novel class of effective compounds as chromogenic substrates of these sialidases which yield chromogenic products after reactions catalyzed by sialidase take place. Also provided are methods of making these substrate compounds, methods of diagnosis and prognosis of sialidase related diseases using these substrate compounds.
摘要:
A sialidase inhibitor of the shown formula I: ##STR1## where dashed lines d.sub.1 and d.sub.2, X.sub.1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.6, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are as described in the specification; or an analog, pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or derivative of the inhibitor, with the proviso that the inhibitor is not HANBA GBA or Neu5Ac2en. The inhibitor in a composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods of making a pharmaceutical composition of an acceptable carrier and the inhibitor. Methods of inhibiting sialidase and methods of treating and preventing bacterial or trypanosomal infection using the inhibitor.
摘要:
An influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor, its analogs, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derivatives, and mixtures thereof having the following formula: ##STR1## where A is CO.sub.2 H, CO.sub.2 H.sub.3, NO.sub.2, SO.sub.3 H or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, B is CH, N, O or S, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are H, NO.sub.2 or (CH.sub.m).sub.n X.sub.1 where m=1 or 2, n is an integer from 0 to 4 and X.sub.1 is guanidino, OH, NH.sub.2, SH, NO.sub.2, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF.sub.3, CO.sub.2 H, SO.sub.3 H or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are H, (CH.sub.o).sub.p X.sub.2, (CH.sub.o).sub.p CHX.sub.2 CH.sub.2 X.sub.2, NH(CH.sub.o).sub.p CHX.sub.2 CH.sub.2 X.sub.2, NHCO(CH.sub.o).sub.p CH.sub.2 X.sub.2 or NHCO(CH.sub.o).sub.p CHX.sub.2 CH.sub.2 X.sub.2 where o=1 or 2, p is an integer from 0 to 4 and X.sub.2 is H, guanidino, OH, NH.sub.2, SH, NO.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CO.sub.2 H, SO.sub.3 H or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 , R.sub.5 =H, OH, NH.sub.2, (CH.sub.k).sub.1 X.sub.3, CO(CH.sub.k).sub.1 X.sub.3, SO(CH.sub.k).sub.1 X.sub.3 or SO.sub.2 (CH.sub.k).sub.1 X.sub.3 where k=1 or 2, 1 is an integer from 0 to 4 and X.sub.3 is guanidino, OH, NH.sub.2, SH, NO.sub.2, CF.sub.3, CO.sub.2 H, SO.sub.3 H or PO.sub.3 H.sub.2, R.sub.6 is H, CH(OH)X.sub.4, CH(NH.sub.2)X.sub.4, COX.sub.4, SOX.sub.4, or SO.sub.2 X.sub.4, where X.sub.4 is H, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2, CH.sub.3 CHCH.sub.3, CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 or halogen substituted analogs of X.sub.4. The inhibitor in a composition with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. A method of inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase where the inhibitor is administered to a subject in a pharmaceutically acceptable amount along with effective amounts of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods of marking a pharmaceutical composition of an acceptable carrier and the inhibitor. Methods of treating and preventing a subject infected with influenza virus (type A or B) using the inhibitor.
摘要翻译:流感病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂,其类似物,其药学上可接受的盐,衍生物及其混合物具有下式:其中A是CO 2 H,CO 2 H 3,NO 2,SO 3 H或PO 3 H 2,B是CH,N,O或S, R 1和R 2是H,NO 2或(CH m)n X 1,其中m = 1或2,n是0至4的整数,X 1是胍基,OH,NH 2,SH,NO 2,F,Cl,Br,I, CF 3,CO 2 H,SO 3 H或PO 3 H 2,R 3和R 4是H,(CHo)pX 2,(CHo)pCHX 2 CH 2 X 2,NH(CHo)pCHX 2 CH 2 X 2,NHCO(CHo)pCH 2 X 2或NHCO(CHo)pCHX 2 CH 2 X 2,其中o = 0〜4的整数,X2为H,胍基,OH,NH2,SH,NO2,CF3,CO2H,SO3H或PO3H2,R5 = H,OH,NH2,(CHK)1X3,CO(CHK) CHK)1X3或SO2(CHK)1X3其中k = 1或2,1为0至4的整数,X3为胍基,OH,NH2,SH,NO2,CF3,CO2H,SO3H或PO3H2,R6为H,CH (OH)X4,CH(NH2)X4,COX4,SOX4或SO2X4,其中X4是H4,CH3,CH3CH2,CH3CHCH3,CH3CH2CH2或X4的卤素取代的类似物。 具有药学上可接受的载体的组合物中的抑制剂。 一种抑制流感病毒神经氨酸酶的方法,其中抑制剂与药学上可接受的量一起施用于受试者以及有效量的药学上可接受的载体。 标记可接受的载体和抑制剂的药物组合物的方法。 使用抑制剂治疗和预防感染流感病毒(A型或B型)的受试者的方法。
摘要:
Message or traffic data is transmitted from a given radio or node for reception by one or more other nodes in a communications network, by arranging the node for transmitting the data according to a selected one of a number of different medium access protocols. The medium access protocol selected for a given message or traffic is determined according to one or more of (a) the size of the traffic, (b) the priority of the traffic, (c) the periodicity of the traffic, and (d) whether the traffic is broadcast or unicast to the other nodes in the network. Each radio includes one or more processor and memory modules configured to output messages or traffic for transmission from the radio according to the selected medium access protocol. By using distributed scheduling and traffic control to protect against hidden nodes, the radios can maintain agile portability in tactical urban environments.
摘要:
Compounds that are useful in treating or preventing viral infections, such as influenza, are described herein. Further described are compositions made from these compounds and methods for using the compounds and their compositions in treating or preventing viral infections.