摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearer a magnetic field generator, a two-component developer bearer, a developing electric field generator, and an image developer. The two-component developer has at least a current speed index (25FRI) of from 0 to 2.0, which is determined by the following formula: 25FRI=(total energy at 10 mm/s/total energy at 100 mm/s). The total energy is an integral sum of a rotary torque and a vertical load when a blade of a powder fluidity analyzer spirally rotates at 10 mm/s and 100 mm/s, respectively, in the developer having a volume of 25 ml after idly agitated in the image developer for 10 minutes.
摘要:
A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, a colorant, and an inorganic particulate material present on a surface of the toner particles. The toner particles have a surface roughness (Ra) of from 1 to 30 nm, a standard deviation of the surface roughness of from 10 to 90 nm and include 1 to 20 convexities per 1 μm, which have a height not less than 10 nm.
摘要:
A toner for developing an electrostatic image, includes: a colorant; and a binder resin. The toner has a particle including at least one pore having a diameter of 10 nm or over, and a porosity thereof is in a range from 0.01 to 0.60.
摘要:
An external additive for a toner, having an average primary particle diameter not greater than 100 nm and including at least inorganic fine particles and a hydrophobizing agent applied to the surface of the inorganic fine particles, wherein after the external additive is treated with chloroform, pyrolysates of the residual components include a compound having at least one structure selected from organopolysiloxane structures and ring siloxane structures.
摘要:
A toner including a binder resin, a colorant, and a product of an iron compound containing an aromatic hydroxylcarboxylic acid as a ligand and represented by the formula (I) described in the specification, wherein the product has such a characteristic that a filtrate obtained by filtering a dispersion of 10 g of the product dispersed in 200 ml of purified water provides an electric conductivity of not greater than 600 &mgr;S/cm.
摘要:
A constant velocity universal joint comprising: an inner race having a plurality of inner grooves; an outer race having a plurality of outer grooves; a plurality of balls arranged individually in the plurality of inner grooves and in the plurality of outer grooves; and a retainer for retaining the plurality of balls. The center of curvature of the plurality of inner grooves and the center of curvature of the plurality of outer grooves are set on the both sides of a bisector. The plurality of inner grooves are formed helically in the inner race, and the plurality of outer grooves are formed helically in the outer race. The adjoining inner grooves are inclined in opposite directions, and the adjoining outer grooves are inclined in opposite directions.
摘要:
A foamed body includes a polylactic acid resin. An amount of the polylactic acid resin is 99.5% by mass or greater relative to a total amount of organic matter in the foamed body. A gel fraction of the foamed body is 0.1% or less. An expansion ratio of the foamed body is 5 times or greater.
摘要:
A toner, including: a colorant; and a binder resin, wherein a spreadability of the toner under a non-pressurized condition is 1.20 to 2.50, wherein a common logarithm of a storage modulus at 100° C. (G′) of the toner is 4.0 [log Pa] to 5.0 [log Pa], and wherein a ratio of a loss modulus at 100° C. (G″) to the storage modulus at 100° C. (G′) of the toner (G″/G′=tan δ) is 1.1 to 2.2.
摘要:
A toner includes an amorphous resin; and a crystalline polyester resin dispersed in the amorphous resin. The crystalline polyester resin has a volume-average particle diameter (Dv) of from 0.07 to 0.20 μm, and a ratio (Dv/Dn) of the volume-average particle diameter (Dv) to a number-average particle diameter (Dn) thereof of from 1.00 to 2.25.
摘要:
A toner containing: a core containing at least a first binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent; and a shell containing at least a second binder resin; wherein the toner has a core-shell structure, and has a softening index of 86° C. to 95° C. and a thermal hardness of 0.7 to 1.8.