Abstract:
A method and a circuit for decoding a coded signal including a first decoding system capable of receiving the coded signal and of providing a first signal comprising portions considered correct and a second decoding system capable of providing a second signal from the coded signal and from portions considered correct of the first signal.
Abstract:
A device for providing a digital error signal, for a timing correction loop of a digital demodulator for digital transmission by phase modulation or amplitude and phase modulation, the device successively receiving pairs of digital signals representative of the components of complex signals, and having circuitry for providing a difference signal representative of the difference between the modulus of the complex signal corresponding to the last received pair of digital signals and the modulus of the complex signal corresponding to the previously-received pair of digital signals; circuitry for providing a weighting factor which depends on the angle between the complex signal corresponding to the last received pair of digital signals and the complex signal corresponding to the previously-received pair of digital signals; and circuitry for providing the error signal proportional to the product of the difference signal and of the weighting factor.
Abstract:
A method and a device for determining, in a signal, a value of the frequency of a carrier and a value of the frequency of symbols carried by the carrier. A band of the signal is analyzed at three points and the relations between the powers at these points enable determining values of the carrier frequency and of the symbol frequency.
Abstract:
A method for detecting the lock-in of a loop that synchronizes an internal clock on the transmission of value pairs provided by a demodulator. According to the method, a module of a vector that has as components the values of one of the value pairs is calculated, and the module is compared with a threshold that is smaller than a theoretical module. The locked-in condition is determined according to the ratio of the number of modules found to be greater than or smaller than the threshold to the total number of modules. In one preferred method, the threshold is incremented by a first value if the module is greater than the threshold and is decremented by a second value if the module is less than the threshold. A lock-in detection circuit for detecting the lock-in of a loop is also provided. A calculation circuit calculates a module of a vector that has as components the values of one of the value pairs. A register stores a threshold and a comparator compares the stored threshold with the calculated module. A modification circuit modifies the stored threshold based on the comparison result, and an analysis circuit analyzes the stored threshold to determine the locked-in condition.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a demodulator provided to extract two signals modulated in phase quadrature from an intermediary frequency signal, including two analog-to-digital converters receiving the intermediary frequency signal and clocked in phase opposition by a clock at a frequency smaller than the intermediary frequency, at least equal to the bandwidth of the modulated signals, and such that the central frequency of one of the aliased spectrums of the signal converted into digital is substantially equal to half the clock frequency; and two multipliers respectively receiving the outputs of the analog-to-digital converters and receiving at the same time a sequence of values 1, −1, 1, −1, 1 . . . at the clock rate.
Abstract:
A circuit for inverting a number of n bits of a finite field of 2.sup.n =N+1 elements comprises a first circuit for raising to the power t=2.sup.n/2 receiving the number to invert. A first complete multiplier receives the number to invert and the output of the circuit for raising to the power t. A second circuit provides the product of the output of the circuit for raising to the power t and the inverse of the output of the first complete multiplier.
Abstract:
The industrial installation comprises an active zone (III) with which there are associated means for measurement and for command and a control position (I) separated from the active zone. Means for measurement, for control and for command (15) located in the active zone are supplied with luminous radiations, from the control position, through an optical fibre (8) joining the active zone to the control position. Radiation having a broad spectral band is emitted in the fiber (8) from the control position (I) and then divided in order to obtain unitary radiations for supplying each of the means (15). The invention applies to nuclear reactors.
Abstract:
Being given the number among P of a data, an attempt is made to find the number among N of said data in a group of N data incorporating P selected data. The sequence numbers of these P data appear in a register having N locations and the sequence number of the chosen data among P appears in a second register with P locations. The locations of the second register are connected to the rows of a switching circuit, each of these rows having N cells, which connect the input of one cell to the following cell of the same rank or to the following cell of the lower rank, as a function of the content of the corresponding location of the first register. Thus, at the outputs of the columns there are signals, whereof only one is at a level different from the others and corresponding to the number j among N of the chosen data.
Abstract:
A method of selectively controlling weeds in crop areas, notably vineyards or fruit plantations, by applying a composition that includes different active herbicidal ingredients; the composition comprises a synergistic combination of about 1 part, by weight, of methyl-5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate as a first active ingredient, and about 1 to 5 parts, by weight, of 3-tert.butyl-5-chloro-6-methyl-uracil as a second active ingredient.The novel composition comprises said synergistic combination and may further contain a mineral oil and adjuvants such as an emulsifier.