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    Battery conservation in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and pacemakers
    44.
    发明授权
    Battery conservation in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and pacemakers 失效
    植入式心律转复除颤器和起搏器中的电池保存

    公开(公告)号：US06363280B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-03-26

    申请号：US09418925

    申请日：1999-10-15

    申请人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III

    发明人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III

    IPC分类号： A61N1362

    CPC分类号： A61N1/378 ,  A61N1/362 ,  A61N1/3956

    摘要： In an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and/or pacemaker, each having DDD pacing capabilities, an improved method of operation is described which dramatically increases the longevity of the implanted device by conserving battery power. The method comprises deactivating at least one unnecessary, power-consuming feature of the device until such feature is needed and then reactivating said feature only for so long as it is required by the patient. In a particular embodiment, the atrial sense amplifier is deactivated during normal operation of the implantable device, resulting in single-chamber sensing and pacing. Upon the occurrence of a predefined event, indicative of a need for dual-chamber sensing and pacing, the atrial sense amplifier is reactivated, the need for DDD pacing confirmed, and if appropriate, DDD pacing is begun. Once the patient's heart rate has returned to an acceptable level, the atrial sense amplifier is again deactivated and single-chamber sensing/pacing continued. In addition, the atrial sense amplifier of an ICD/pacemaker is deactivated during normal operation of the device and reactivated immediately following the detection of ventricular tachycardia. In this embodiment, DDD sensing/pacing is preferably automatically begun following this detection. Also contemplated herein, are improved devices employing the improved methods.

    摘要翻译： 在具有DDD起搏功能的植入式心律转复除颤器和/或起搏器中，描述了改进的操作方法，其通过节省电池功率而大大增加了植入装置的寿命。 该方法包括去激活设备的至少一个不需要的功耗特征，直到需要该特征，然后仅在病人需要时重新激活所述特征。 在特定实施例中，心房感知放大器在可植入装置的正常操作期间停用，导致单室感测和起搏。 在发生预定义事件时，指示需要双室感测和起搏，心房感觉放大器被重新启动，DDD起搏的需要被确认，并且如果合适的话开始进行DDD起搏。 一旦患者的心率恢复到可接受的水平，心房感觉放大器再次被停用，并且单室感测/起搏继续。 此外，ICD /起搏器的心房感觉放大器在设备的正常操作期间被停用，并且在检测到室性心动过速之后立即重新激活。 在该实施例中，在该检测之后，优选地自动开始DDD感测/起搏。 本文还考虑的是采用改进方法的改进的装置。

    System and method for generating a high efficiency biphasic defibrillation waveform for use in an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD).
    45.
    发明授权
    System and method for generating a high efficiency biphasic defibrillation waveform for use in an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD). 失效
    用于产生用于可植入式心律转复除颤器（ICD）的高效双相除颤波形的系统和方法。

    公开(公告)号：US06233483B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

    申请号：US09073394

    申请日：1998-05-05

    申请人： James D. Causey, III ,  Gabriel Mouchawar ,  Herman L. Renger ,  Mark W. Kroll

    发明人： James D. Causey, III ,  Gabriel Mouchawar ,  Herman L. Renger ,  Mark W. Kroll

    IPC分类号： A61N139

    CPC分类号： A61N1/3906 ,  A61N1/3912 ,  A61N1/3956

    摘要： In an ICD, a highly efficient biphasic defibrillation pulse is generated by switching at least two charged capacitors, e.g., three capacitors, from a parallel connection to various combinations of a parallel/series connection or a series connection during the first phase of the defibrillation pulse. Such mid-stream parallel/series connection changes of the capacitors steps up the voltage applied to the cardiac tissue during the first phase. A stepped-up voltage during the first phase, in turn, gives an extra boost to, and thereby forces additional charge (current) into, the cardiac tissue cells, and thereby transfers more charge to the membrane of the excitable cardiac cell than if the capacitors were continuously discharged in series. Phase reversal is timed with the cell membrane reaching its maximum value at the end of the first phase.

    摘要翻译： 在ICD中，通过在除颤脉冲的第一阶段期间将至少两个带电电容器（例如三个电容器）从并联连接切换到并联/串联或串联连接的各种组合来产生高效双相除颤脉冲 。 电容器的这种中流并联/串联连接变化在第一阶段期间增加施加到心脏组织的电压。 第一阶段期间的升高电压反过来又给予心脏组织细胞额外的增加，从而迫使额外的电荷（电流）进入心脏组织细胞，从而将更多的电荷转移到可兴奋的心脏细胞的膜上，如果 电容器串联连续放电。 在第一阶段结束时，细胞膜达到其最大值时，反相相反。

    Multi-axial accelerometer-based sensor for an implantable medical device and method of measuring motion measurements therefor
    46.
    发明授权
    Multi-axial accelerometer-based sensor for an implantable medical device and method of measuring motion measurements therefor 失效
    用于可植入医疗装置的基于多轴加速度计的传感器以及用于测量其运动测量的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6002963A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-14

    申请号：US390738

    申请日：1995-02-17

    申请人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III ,  Sheldon B. Moberg

    发明人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III ,  Sheldon B. Moberg

    IPC分类号： A61B5/04 ,  A61B5/11 ,  A61N1/365 ,  A61N1/36

    CPC分类号： A61N1/36542

    摘要： An improved sensor and related method for multi-axial measurement of motion for an implantable medical device is disclosed. The sensor has a wide variety of applications, including use as a cardiac wall motion sensor or a physical activity sensor. The sensor includes first and second conductors over which the motion measurements are made. A first transducer provides a first motion measurement indicative of sensor acceleration during a first phase, while a second transducer provides a second motion measurement indicative of sensor acceleration during a second phase. The first and second transducers are connected in parallel so as to provide the first and second motion measurements to an implantable medical device over the first and second conductors. The first and second phases are non-overlapping periods of time so that the motion measurements from each transducer are time division multiplexed. The sensor provides motion measurements that may either be compensated or uncompensated for temperature effects. In either case, the motion sensor uses fewer conductors than conventional sensors to deliver its measurements.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于可植入医疗装置的多轴运动测量的改进的传感器和相关方法。 该传感器具有多种应用，包括用作心脏壁运动传感器或身体活动传感器。 该传感器包括进行运动测量的第一和第二导体。 第一传感器在第一阶段期间提供指示传感器加速度的第一运动测量值，而第二传感器在第二阶段期间提供指示传感器加速度的第二运动测量值。 第一和第二换能器并联连接，以便通过第一和第二导体向可植入医疗装置提供第一和第二运动测量。 第一和第二相是不重叠的时间段，使得来自每个换能器的运动测量值被时分复用。 传感器提供运动测量，可以对温度影响进行补偿或补偿。 在任一种情况下，运动传感器使用比常规传感器更少的导体来传送其测量结果。

    System for delivering low pain therapeutic electrical waveforms to the heart
    47.
    发明授权
    System for delivering low pain therapeutic electrical waveforms to the heart 失效
    将低疼痛治疗电波形传递给心脏的系统

    公开(公告)号：US5830236A

    公开(公告)日：1998-11-03

    申请号：US741184

    申请日：1996-10-29

    申请人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III ,  Mark W. Kroll

    发明人： Gabriel Mouchawar ,  James D. Causey, III ,  Mark W. Kroll

    IPC分类号： A61N1/39

    CPC分类号： A61N1/3956 ,  A61N1/3906 ,  A61N1/3912

    摘要： A system for delivering low pain cardioversion shocks to the heart wherein the system provides a waveform to the heart for cardioversion purposes to result in less stimulation of sensory nerves surrounding the heart. In one embodiment, the system includes a controller and a plurality of controlled switches that can be configured so that the heart receives a waveform through one or more resistors from a capacitor. The controller is configured to manipulate the switches so that the waveform that is applied to the heart is applied for more than 10 milliseconds so that the ratio of stimulation of the cardiac cells to the stimulation of sensory cells is approximately one. In another embodiment, the controller configures the switches so that a first capacitor discharges to charge a second capacitor through a resistor wherein the second capacitor is in parallel with the heart. The heart then sees a waveform that inverse exponentially rises to a peak value over a time period selected to reduce stimulation of the sensory nerves.

    摘要翻译： 用于向心脏递送低疼痛心脏复律冲击的系统，其中系统向心脏提供波形用于心脏复律目的，以导致对心脏周围的感觉神经的较少刺激。 在一个实施例中，该系统包括控制器和多个受控开关，其可配置成使得心脏通过来自电容器的一个或多个电阻器接收波形。 控制器被配置为操纵开关，使得施加到心脏的波形被施加超过10毫秒，使得心脏细胞的刺激与感觉细胞的刺激的比率大约为1。 在另一个实施例中，控制器配置开关，使得第一电容器放电以通过电阻器对第二电容器充电，其中第二电容器与心脏平行。 然后，心脏看到在选择的减少刺激感觉神经的时间周期内呈指数上升到峰值的波形。

    Safety optimization in microprocessor-controlled implantable devices
    48.
    发明授权
    Safety optimization in microprocessor-controlled implantable devices 失效
    微处理器控制的可植入装置的安全优化

    公开(公告)号：US5792201A

    公开(公告)日：1998-08-11

    申请号：US749579

    申请日：1996-11-15

    申请人： James D. Causey, III ,  Min-Yaug Yang

    发明人： James D. Causey, III ,  Min-Yaug Yang

    IPC分类号： A61N1/37 ,  A61N1/39

    CPC分类号： A61N1/37 ,  A61N1/3931 ,  A61N1/3718

    摘要： A microprocessor-controlled implantable cardiac stimulating device having a normal mode, an intermediate mode, and a backup pacing mode is provided. The device switches from one mode to another in response to the detection of any one of an address error, parity error, opcode error, or watchdog timer error. The microprocessor is shut down during the delivery of a cardioversion or defibrillation shock in order to prevent signals produced by the microprocessor from being subjected to transient electrical signals. The interrupt registers of the microprocessor are also disabled during the delivery of a cardioversion or defibrillation shock. In an alternative embodiment, an implantable cardiac stimulating device is provided with redundant microprocessors in order to detect malfunctions of the microprocessors.

    摘要翻译： 提供了具有正常模式，中间模式和后备起搏模式的微处理器控制的可植入心脏刺激装置。 响应于检测到地址错误，奇偶校验错误，操作码错误或看门狗定时器错误中的任何一个，器件从一种模式切换到另一种模式。 为了防止由微处理器产生的信号受到瞬时电信号的影响，在传送心脏复律或除颤电击期间，微处理器被关闭。 在传送心脏复律或除颤电击期间，微处理器的中断寄存器也被禁用。 在替代实施例中，可植入心脏刺激装置设置有冗余微处理器，以便检测微处理器的故障。

    Safety optimization in microprocessor controlled implantable devices
    49.
    发明授权
    Safety optimization in microprocessor controlled implantable devices 失效
    微处理器控制植入式设备的安全优化

    公开(公告)号：US5607458A

    公开(公告)日：1997-03-04

    申请号：US501838

    申请日：1995-07-13

    申请人： James D. Causey, III ,  Min-Yaug Yang

    发明人： James D. Causey, III ,  Min-Yaug Yang

    IPC分类号： A61N1/37 ,  A61N1/39

    CPC分类号： A61N1/37 ,  A61N1/3931 ,  A61N1/3718

    摘要： A microprocessor-controlled implantable cardiac stimulating device having a normal mode, an intermediate mode, and a backup pacing mode is provided. The device switches from one mode to another in response to the detection of any one of an address error, parity error, opcode error, or watchdog timer error. The microprocessor is shut down during the delivery of a cardioversion or defibrillation shock in order to prevent signals produced by the microprocessor from being subjected to transient electrical signals. The interrupt registers of the microprocessor are also disabled during the delivery of a cardioversion or defibrillation shock. In an alternative embodiment, an implantable cardiac stimulating device is provided with redundant microprocessors in order to detect malfunctions of the microprocessors.

    摘要翻译： 提供了具有正常模式，中间模式和后备起搏模式的微处理器控制的可植入心脏刺激装置。 响应于检测到地址错误，奇偶校验错误，操作码错误或看门狗定时器错误中的任何一个，器件从一种模式切换到另一种模式。 为了防止由微处理器产生的信号受到瞬时电信号的影响，在传送心脏复律或除颤电击期间，微处理器被关闭。 在传送心脏复律或除颤电击期间，微处理器的中断寄存器也被禁用。 在替代实施例中，可植入心脏刺激装置设置有冗余微处理器，以便检测微处理器的故障。

    Interactive programming and diagnostic system for use with implantable pacemaker
    50.
    发明授权
    Interactive programming and diagnostic system for use with implantable pacemaker 失效
    与植入式起搏器一起使用的交互式编程和诊断系统

    公开(公告)号：US4809697A

    公开(公告)日：1989-03-07

    申请号：US108842

    申请日：1987-10-14

    申请人： James D. Causey, III ,  Harold C. Schloss ,  Jeffery D. Snell

    发明人： James D. Causey, III ,  Harold C. Schloss ,  Jeffery D. Snell

    IPC分类号： A61N1/362 ,  A61N1/372 ,  A61N1/00

    CPC分类号： A61N1/37235 ,  A61N1/362 ,  Y10S128/903

    摘要： An analyzer-programmer system (30) for use with an implantable medical device, such as a cardiac pacemaker (20). The system facilitates non-invasive communications with the implantable device and makes analysis of the operation of the implantable device easier to understand and perform. The system includes conventional processor means (42) for processing a sequence of stored instructions stored in programmable read-only memory, or ROM (40). The ROM, although designed to be accessed through predefined page of information, and blocks within such pages, is configured to allow in-page addressing within any of a plurality of pages in a linear fashion. Programmed intervals to be sent to the implantable device are displayed by the system in tabular form or as scaled time-lines or bars (FIG. 9A), with each separate interval beginning and ending in proper timed sequence, thereby providing a prediction of the expected performance. Such programmed intervals can overlay or sidelay measured performance (FIG. 9B), thereby facilitating a comparison between predicted and measured performance. The system also includes telemetry head means (28) for sending and receiving control and data signals to and from the implanted medical device ( 20). The telemetry head means (28) includes processing circuitry (FIG. 4C) that greatly simplifies the other circuitry needed in order to effectuate such communication.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于可植入医疗装置的分析器编程器系统（30），例如心脏起搏器（20）。 该系统促进与可植入装置的非侵入式通信，并且使得可植入装置的操作的分析更易于理解和执行。 该系统包括用于处理存储在可编程只读存储器或ROM（40）中的存储指令序列的常规处理器装置（42）。 ROM虽然被设计为通过预定义的信息页被访问，并且在这样的页面中的块被配置为允许以线性方式在多个页面中的任何页面内进行页内寻址。 要发送到可植入设备的程序间隔由系统以表格形式或缩放的时间线或条（图9A）显示，每个单独的间隔开始并以适当的定时顺序结束，从而提供预期的 性能。 这样的编程间隔可覆盖或测量性能（图9B），从而便于预测和测量性能之间的比较。 该系统还包括遥测头装置（28），用于发送和接收来自植入医疗装置（20）的控制和数据信号。 遥测头装置（28）包括大大简化为了实现这种通信所需的其它电路的处理电路（图4C）。