公开(公告)号：US4933564A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-12

申请号：US356792

申请日：1989-05-25

申请人： Hans Kiefer ,  Bernd Reinhardt ,  Gotthard Schleicher ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Hans Kiefer ,  Bernd Reinhardt ,  Gotthard Schleicher ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： G01T5/02 ,  G01T5/10

CPC分类号： G01T5/10

摘要： A method of determining radiation doses by evaluation of nuclear tracks in an irradiated foil of track recording material through the use of an electrochemical etching cell which is subdivided into two chambers by the foil with the irradiated side of the foil contacted by a mixture of an etchant and a solvent and the opposite side of the foil contacted by an electrolyte and with a first electrode immersed into the mixture and a second immersed into the electrolyte, the method including the steps of: (a) applying an alternating voltage across the two electrodes establishing an electric field through the foil; (b) etching the nuclear tracks by selective exposure to the mixture for a given period of time in the presence of the electric field; (c) continuously recording the electrical capacitance between the electrodes during the performance of step (b); and (d) comparing the electrical capacitance reached after a given etching time with a calibrated value for obtaining a measure for the radiation dose.

摘要翻译： 通过使用电化学蚀刻电池评估轨道记录材料的照射箔中的核轨道来确定辐射剂量的方法，所述电化学蚀刻电池被箔与被蚀刻剂的混合物接触的箔的照射侧细分成两个室 和溶剂，并且箔的与电解质接触的相对侧和浸入混合物中的第一电极，并且第二电极浸入电解质中，该方法包括以下步骤：（a）跨两个电极施加交流电压，建立 通过箔片的电场; （b）在存在电场的情况下通过选择性地暴露于混合物一段给定的时间来蚀刻核轨道; （c）在步骤（b）的执行期间连续记录电极之间的电容; 和（d）将给定蚀刻时间之后达到的电容与校准值进行比较，以获得辐射剂量的量度。

公开(公告)号：US4655845A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-07

申请号：US770698

申请日：1985-08-29

申请人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C09B67/14 ,  C04B14/00

CPC分类号： C09B67/0017

摘要： Process for preparing organic pigments having excellent application properties, which comprises treating finely divided crude pigments of the anthanthrone, pyranthrone, isoviolanthrone, azo, quinacridone, flavanthrone, indanthrone, naphthaldazine, indigo, thioindigo, tetracarboximide, dioxazine, isoindolinone, perylene, anthrapyrimidine, acylanthraquinone, dianthraquinonyl, azoanthraquinone, azomethineanthraquinone and phthalocyanine series at temperatures of 0.degree. C. to 100.degree. C., with acid esters of polyphosphoric acid and a primary, secondary or tertiary alkanol of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a glycol, glycol ether or phenol, then hydrolyzing the polyphosphate ester used, heating the resultant aqueous mixture to temperatures of 20.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., and isolating the pigment in conventional manner.

摘要翻译： 用于制备具有优异应用性能的有机颜料的方法，其包括处理蒽醌，吡喃酮，异喹喔酮，偶氮，喹吖啶酮，黄烷酮，阴丹酮，萘并嗪，靛蓝，硫靛，四甲酰亚胺，二恶嗪，异吲哚啉酮，苝，蒽吡啶，酰基蒽醌 ，蒽醌，偶氮蒽醌，偶氮甲蒽醌和酞菁系列，在0℃至100℃的温度下，与多磷酸的酸酯和1至8个碳原子的伯，仲或叔烷醇，二醇，二醇醚或苯酚 然后水解所使用的多磷酸酯，将所得含水混合物加热至20℃至150℃的温度，并以常规方式分离颜料。

公开(公告)号：US4460410A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-17

申请号：US451822

申请日：1982-12-21

申请人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C09D5/38 ,  C09B3/18 ,  C09B67/10 ,  C04B31/00 ,  C07D311/02 ,  C09D11/00

CPC分类号： C09B67/0014 ,  C09B3/18

摘要： A perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride pigment, useful as a varnish pigment, made by adding an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid and a surfactant to an acid at a pH below 3, at 0.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., and then heating the suspension so obtained at 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C.

摘要翻译： 通过将苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸的碱金属盐的水溶液和表面活性剂加入到作为清漆颜料的苝-3,4,9,10-四羧酸二酐颜料 在0℃〜90℃下，pH低于3的酸，然后将在50℃至150℃下得到的悬浮液加热。

公开(公告)号：US5614014A

公开(公告)日：1997-03-25

申请号：US384323

申请日：1995-02-01

申请人： Manfred Urban

发明人： Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C09B67/04 ,  B01F17/32 ,  C09B48/00 ,  C09B67/00 ,  C09B67/10 ,  C09B67/22 ,  C09B67/52 ,  C08K5/00

CPC分类号： C09B67/0022 ,  C09B48/00 ,  C09B67/0036

摘要： Pigments, mixed-crystal pigments or pigment preparations based on linear, unsubstituted or substituted quinacridones are prepared advantageously by initially wet-milling the coarsely crystalline crude pigments in a liquid aqueous, aqueous-organic or organic medium in a stirred ball mill which is operated at a power density of more than 2.5 kW per liter of milling space and a peripheral stirrer speed of more than 12 m/s under the action of grinding media having a diameter of less than or equal to 0.9 mm, until the desired degree of fine division is reached, and then isolating the resulting pigment in a conventional manner, or subjecting the resulting prepigment to solvent treatment at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and then isolating the pigment in a conventional manner.

摘要翻译： 有利地通过在搅拌的球磨机中在液体水性有机或有机介质中将粗结晶粗颜料湿式研磨而制备基于线性，未取代或取代的喹吖啶酮的颜料，混合晶体颜料或颜料制剂， 在研磨介质的直径小于或等于0.9mm的作用下，每升铣削空间的功率密度大于2.5kW，外围搅拌器速度大于12m / s，直到所需的细分度 ，然后以常规方式分离所得颜料，或在50℃至200℃的温度下对所得到的指示剂进行溶剂处理，然后以常规方式分离颜料。

公开(公告)号：US5492563A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-20

申请号：US421627

申请日：1995-04-13

申请人： Manfred Urban

发明人： Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C09B67/00 ,  C09B67/04 ,  C09B67/10 ,  C09B67/12 ,  C09B67/20 ,  C09B47/04

CPC分类号： C09B67/0016 ,  C09B67/0002 ,  C09B67/0023

摘要： Copper phthalocyanine pigments are finely divided in an ecologically and economically advantageous manner by first of all subjecting crude, coarsely crystalline copper phthalocyanine pigments to dry milling and then wet milling the finely divided prepigments which are obtained in the course of dry milling, in aqueous suspension and with the addition of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total millbase, of an organic solvent which is inert with respect to the process conditions, on a stirred ball mill which is operated at an energy density of more than 2.5 kW per liter of milling space and a peripheral stirrer speed of more than 12 m/s under the action of grinding media having a diameter of less than or equal to 1 mm. Copper phthalocyanine pigments prepared in this way are particularly suitable as colorants for pigmenting paints, printing inks and plastics.

摘要翻译： 铜酞菁颜料以生态和经济上有利的方式进行细分，首先将粗糙的粗结晶铜酞菁颜料进行干研磨，然后湿磨研磨在干研磨过程中获得的细分散的前缀，在水悬浮液中， 在相对于工艺条件为惰性的有机溶剂中，基于总研磨料添加0.1至5重量％的搅拌球磨机，其以大于2.5kW的能量密度操作 在直径小于或等于1mm的研磨介质的作用下，铣削空间和外围搅拌器速度大于12m / s。 以这种方式制备的铜酞菁颜料特别适合作为着色剂用于着色油漆，印刷油墨和塑料。

公开(公告)号：US4705572A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-10

申请号：US872542

申请日：1986-06-09

申请人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C09B3/60 ,  C09B67/10 ,  C09B67/54 ,  C08K5/08

CPC分类号： C09B67/0014 ,  C09B3/60

摘要： Process for the preparation of pigments of the anthanthrone series of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote chlorine, bromine or iodine atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy groups, having valuable properties, which comprises first converting the anthanthrones of the formula mentioned, in the form of the crude pigment, in an aqueous alkaline medium and at a pH>10, into the leucoform, precipitating the latter by adding inorganic or organic acids, reoxidizing the aqueous suspension of the leuco-form to give the anthanthrones and subjecting the resulting finely divided pre-pigments of the formula mentioned to a solvent finish.

摘要翻译： 制备式“IMAGE”的蒽醌系列颜料的方法，其中R1和R2表示氯，溴或碘原子或具有有价值性质的C1-C4-烷氧基，其包括首先将所述式的蒽醌转化 以粗颜料的形式，在碱性水溶液中并且在pH> 10的情况下，加入到无色或无机酸中，通过加入无机酸或有机酸沉淀后者，再次将无色形式的水悬浮液再氧化，得到蒽醌并经受 得到的所分配的细分前述颜料与溶剂完成。

公开(公告)号：US4704537A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-03

申请号：US698792

申请日：1985-02-06

申请人： Manfred Urban ,  Hans Kiefer

发明人： Manfred Urban ,  Hans Kiefer

IPC分类号： G01T5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC分类号： G01T5/10 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： In a passive dosimeter including a diffusion chamber having an interior space, and an alpha particle detector located within the chamber for producing an indication of the concentration of radon and thoron gas and decay products and the relative percentages of radon and thoron individually, the diffusion chamber is constructed so that the interior space is open to the outside, the size of the detector and of the interior space are selected for causing the differences in path length of alpha particles in the interior space to permit the emission energy to be determined independently of the location of decay events, and the surface of the chamber bordering the interior space is electrically conductive.

摘要翻译： 在包括具有内部空间的扩散室的无源剂量计和位于室内的α粒子检测器中，用于分别产生氡气和钍气的浓度和衰变产物的浓度以及氡和钍的相对百分比，扩散室 被构造成使得内部空间对外部开放，选择检测器和内部空间的尺寸以使内部空间中的α粒子的路径长度的差异允许独立于 衰变事件的位置以及与室内空间接近的室的表面是导电的。

公开(公告)号：US4683568A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-28

申请号：US760734

申请日：1985-07-11

申请人： Manfred Urban

发明人： Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： G06F1/00 ,  G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/30 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1415

摘要： A method is proposed which serves to enable recognition, in microprocessors (1) provided with a monitoring device (2) having a signal generator stage for reset signals, of whether a reset signal was effected by the monitoring device (2) or by a power-on reset circuit (5). To this end, a comparison is performed between a comparison pattern stored in a non-erasable memory zone (6) and a pattern, which is typical of resetting erected by the monitoring device (2), located in an erasable memory zone (7).

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE84 / 00232 Sec。 371日期：1985年7月11日 102（e）日期1985年7月11日PCT提交1984年11月2日PCT公布。 出版物WO85 / 02475 日期：1985年6月6日。提出一种方法，用于在具有用于复位信号的信号发生器级的监视装置（2）的微处理器（1）中识别是否由监视装置实现复位信号 （2）或通过上电复位电路（5）。 为此，在存储在不可擦除存储区域（6）中的比较模式和位于可擦除存储器区域（7）中的由监视设备（2）竖立的典型复位模式之间进行比较， 。

公开(公告)号：US4614803A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-30

申请号：US738577

申请日：1985-05-28

申请人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C07D221/14 ,  C07D221/04

CPC分类号： C07D221/14

摘要： Process for the preparation of dry alkali metal salts of 1,8-naphthalimide, which comprises allowing concentrated alkali metal hydroxide solutions to run into solid 1,8-naphthalimide in a molar ratio, at a rate corresponding to the degree of reaction, with vigorous stirring in vacuo at an elevated internal temperature, and then carrying out drying without intermediate isolation of the alkali metal salt formed.

摘要翻译： 制备1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺的干碱金属盐的方法，其包括使浓缩的碱金属氢氧化物溶液以相当于反应程度的摩尔比以强烈的摩尔比进入固体1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺 在升高的内部温度下在真空中搅拌，然后进行干燥而不中间分离形成的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US4588814A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-13

申请号：US601862

申请日：1984-04-19

申请人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

发明人： Ernst Spietschka ,  Manfred Urban

IPC分类号： C07D471/06 ,  C09B5/62 ,  C07D221/14

CPC分类号： C07D471/06 ,  C09B5/62

摘要： Preparation of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide by fusing naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid imide with potassium hydroxide and sodium acetate to give the alkali metal salt of the leuko compound of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, diluting the melt with water when the reaction has ended and oxidizing the leuko form to give the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide, by a procedure which comprises(a) applying a vacuum of less than 100 mm Hg before the naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid imide is introduced into the potassium hydroxide/sodium acetate melt, heating the potassium hydroxide/sodium acetate mixture to 200.degree.-300.degree. C. and dehydrating it such that the melt is still stirrable at 200.degree.-220.degree. C., and then introducing the naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid imide or its sodium or potassium salt into the melt at 200.degree.-220.degree. C. under normal pressure and heating the mixture at 250.degree.-300.degree. C. in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, or(b) applying a vacuum of less than 100 mm Hg after the naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid imide or its sodium or potassium salt has been introduced into the potassium hydroxide/sodium acetate melt at 200.degree.-220.degree. C. under normal pressure, heating the mixture to 200.degree.-250.degree. C. and dehydrating it such that the melt is still stirrable at 200.degree.-220.degree. C., and then heating the melt at 250.degree.-300.degree. C. in the absence of atmospheric oxygen, or(c) introducing the sodium or potassium salt of naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid imide into the potassium hydroxide/sodium acetate melt at 200.degree.-220.degree. C. under normal pressure and heating the melt at 250.degree.-300.degree. C. in the absence of atmospheric oxygen.

摘要翻译： 通过将萘-1,8-二羧酸酰亚胺与氢氧化钾和乙酸钠混合制备3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺，得到3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸的白化合物的碱金属盐 酸二酰亚胺，当反应结束时用水稀释熔体，并通过包括（a）施加小于100mm Hg的真空的方法氧化白细胞形式得到3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺 在将萘-1,8-二羧酸酰亚胺引入氢氧化钾/乙酸钠熔体中之前，将氢氧化钾/乙酸钠混合物加热到200-300℃，并将其脱水，使得熔体在200℃仍然可搅拌 ℃-220℃，然后在常压下在200-220℃下将萘-1,8-二羧酸酰亚胺或其钠或钾盐引入熔体中，并在250-300℃下加热该混合物 在没有大气氧的情况下，或（b） 在萘-1,8-二羧酸酰亚胺或其钠或钾盐在常压下在200-220℃下加入到氢氧化钾/乙酸钠熔体中，施加小于100mm Hg的真空，加热 该混合物在200-250℃下脱水，使得熔体仍然在200-220℃下搅拌，然后在不存在大气氧的条件下在250-300℃下加热熔体，或 （c）在常压下在200-220℃下将萘-1,8-二羧酸酰亚胺的钠盐或钾盐引入氢氧化钾/乙酸钠熔体中，并在250-300℃加热熔融物。 在没有大气氧气的情况下。