摘要:
An invert oil emulsion drilling fluid containing oil, an emulsifier such as a fatty acid soap, clay or polymer, and an alcohol such as glycerol or cyclicetherpolyol as the internal phase of the emulsion. A method using substantially water-free drilling fluid and monitoring the influx of formation water into the drilling fluid.
摘要:
A binocular reflecting telescope for astronomical or terrestrial use having two telescope tubes disposed side by side. Each tube has primary concave mirrors operating as Herschelian Newtonian to direct incident light as a reflected first pencil of light rays towards a plane secondary mirror disposed adjacent a portion of the side wall of the respective tube which is also adjacent the remaining tube. Each secondary reflector reflects rays as a respective second pencil outwardly of the tube into respective eye piece. The second pencils of light rays are reflected generally in the same direction and the eye pieces are generally parallel and spaced apart at an appropriate interocular spacing to provide binocular viewing. Interocular axis extending between optical axes of eye pieces is disposed obliquely to parallel longitudinal axes of tubes to provide comfortable viewing. One tube is movable axially relative to the remaining tube to swing interocular axis to vary interocular spacing.
摘要:
Drilling fluid for improving the osmotic efficiency of a shale during the drilling of a well, the drilling fluid containing ethoxylated/propoxylated polyol and at least one other additive such as glucoside, glycerol, glycol, or polyglycerol.
摘要:
A method for producing an epoxy polyetherpolyol having 15 to 75 wt % epoxy comprising heating a polyol and catalyst to initiate condensation, removing water, introducing sufficient epoxy into the reaction mixture to give 15 to 75 wt % epoxy in the product. Generally, between 0.5 and 1.19 moles of water per mole of polyol are removed. In one embodiment at least 95 wt % of all of the polyol is introduced initially into the reaction zone. In another embodiment the condensation is terminated prior to 93 percent completion. Also provided are novel compositions suitable for drilling fluids, adhesives and coatings.
摘要:
A method to determine the amount of blast furnace slag in a slurry sample. The slurry is preferably a drilling fluid or a wellbore cement slurry. The method comprises correlating the amount of hydrogen sulfide released from acidified slurries with the amount of blast furnace slag in the slurry and acidifying the sample and determining the amount of hydrogen sulfide released from the acidified sample.
摘要:
A method is provided to determine the concentration of an amorphous material such as blast furnace slag in a slurry such as drilling fluid, completion fluid fluids. A sample is annealed at a temperature between about 800.degree. C. and about 1000.degree. C. for a time period of about six hours to form crystals from the amorphous material, and the sample along with a known amount of a standard is then analyzed by X-ray diffraction. This method is particularly useful in determining the amount of blast furnace slag in a drilling fluid prior to conversion of the drilling fluid to a wellbore cement slurry by addition of additional blast furnace slag.
摘要:
Drilling fluid properties are enhanced by incorporation thereinto of a cyclicetherpolyol such as a cyclic dimer of glycerol and, optionally, a polyol such as glycerol or a monoalicyclicpolyol, and/or salt.
摘要:
Oil in water emulsion drilling fluid properties are enhanced by incorporation thereinto of an alcohol such as glycerol or polycyclicpolyetherpolyol and salt.
摘要:
The rheological characteristics of aqueous well drilling fluids are improved by incorporating into the fluids a small amount of a sulfonated styrene-itaconic acid copolymer.