摘要:
A toner is provided prepared by a wet granulation method, comprising a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner adsorbs ammonia (NH3) in an amount of from 70 to 400 μmol/m2 per unit of specific surface area and carbon dioxide (CO2) in an amount of not greater than 10 μmol/m2 per unit of specific surface area.
摘要:
To provide an electrophotographic developing member which can both be kept from the sticking of a developer and be kept from being deformed by its contacting members, and can form stable images over a long period of time. An electrophotographic developing member characterized in that its surface layer satisfies the following expressions (1) to (3) where the average crosslinking density in each region of up to 100 nm in depth, from 100 nm to 200 nm in depth and from 200 nm to 300 nm in depth from the surface of the surface layer is represented by C1, C2 and C3 (mol/cm3), respectively: C3
摘要:
A developing roller having an elastic layer on the outer periphery of a mandrel and having a surface layer containing a resin and resin particles on its outer periphery, wherein the surface layer has a convex portion attributable to the resin particles, and has a surface of roughness in which a distortion degree Rsk of a roughness curve is 0.15 or more and 0.70 or less, wherein the resin particles have a peak P1 at a particle diameter d1 in a volume particle size distribution, and wherein “a”, “b”, “c”, d1, d2 and d3 satisfy a specific relationship, where, “a” denotes a volume fraction of the resin particle having the particle diameter d1 in the volume particle size distribution, and “b” and “c” denote volume fractions at particle diameters d2 and d3 respectively in the volume particle size distribution.
摘要:
A toner is provided including a colorant; a resin composition (A) comprising at least one binder resin and a hydrocarbon wax having a melting point of 70-90° C. in an amount of from 6 to 30% by weight based on total weight of resin composition (A), and having a softening point (T1/2(A)) of from 120 to 150° C.; and a resin composition (B) having a softening point (T1/2 (B)) of from 100 to 130° C., wherein a weight ratio of the resin composition (A) to the resin composition (B) is from 10/90 to 45/55, and the following relationship is satisfied: T1/2(A)≧T1/2(B)+3; and the use of the toner in an image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge.
摘要:
A toner having a core containing a colorant, a release agent and a binder resin (A), and a shell containing a binder resin (B), the shell overlying the core, wherein the binder resin (A) contains a resin having a polyester skeleton, the binder resin (B) contains a vinyl copolymer resin, and a weight ratio of the shell to the core is from 0.05 to 0.5, and wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 3 to 8 μm; a toner manufacturing method of such the toner can be used in an image forming apparatus and in a process cartridge.
摘要:
Noise detection is performed by using the output of the phase comparator that the PLL comprises. The phase comparator outputs a signal that is based on the phase difference between the output of the voltage controlled oscillator and the reference signal. The phase difference reflects the effect of noise on the PLL and, in addition to the characteristics of the noise itself, such as the wave height value of the noise and the frequency component thereof, reflects the tolerance of the PLL to noise, whereby the level of risk that the system can actually be caused to malfunction can be judged.
摘要:
A toner including a core including at least a colorant, a release agent and a first binder resin; and a shell located overlying the core and including at least a second binder resin, wherein the first binder resin includes a polyester resin including a unit obtained from a diol selected from the group consisting of aliphatic diols and alicyclic diols, and the second binder resin includes a vinyl copolymer, and wherein a weight ratio (S/C) of the shell (S) to the core (C) is from 0.05 to 0.5 and the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 3 to 8 μm.
摘要:
A pressure measured by a load cell is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter provided in an analog interface, and is processed by a digital filter provided in the analog interface. A sensor signal processed in the digital filter is transferred to a controller 10 for industrial machinery every transfer cycle via an optical fiber. A digital sampling cycle by the A/D converter is set to be shorter than the transfer cycle.
摘要翻译:由测力传感器测量的压力由模拟接口中提供的A / D转换器转换为数字信号,并由模拟接口中提供的数字滤波器处理。 在数字滤波器中处理的传感器信号经由光纤传送到每个传送周期的工业机械的控制器10。 A / D转换器的数字采样周期设置为短于传输周期。
摘要:
A toner kit containing at least a black toner, a yellow toner, a magenta toner and a cyan toner, wherein these toners have at least the binder resin, the colorant and the charge controlling agent having the molecular structure containing K+ as the counterion, when the K+ intensity detected by the fluorescent X ray on the surface of the black toner is Kk, the K+ intensity detected by the fluorescent X ray on the surface of the yellow toner is Ky, the K+ intensity detected by the fluorescent X ray on the surface of the magenta toner is Km and the K+ intensity detected by the fluorescent X ray on the surface of the cyan toner is Kc, the following formulae: Kk
摘要:
An illumination optical system for illuminating an object with light from a light source device comprises a plurality of optical surfaces. At least one of the optical surfaces is formed as a roughened surface and is arranged in a position other than closest to the object. Assuming that a total quantity of light emitted to the object by the illumination optical system is L, and a total quantity of light is L0 emitted by a reference optical system in which all the roughened surfaces of the illumination optical system are replaced with polished surfaces, the illumination optical system satisfies the following condition: 0.70≦X≦0.95, where X=L/L0.
摘要翻译:用于利用来自光源装置的光照射物体的照明光学系统包括多个光学表面。 至少一个光学表面形成为粗糙表面并且被布置在除最接近物体之外的位置。 假设由照明光学系统发射到物体的光的总量为L,并且由参考光学系统发射的总光量为L 0 0,其中照明的所有粗糙表面 光学系统被抛光表面代替,照明光学系统满足以下条件:<?in-line-formula description =“In-line formula”end =“lead”?> 0.70 <= X <= 0.95,<?in -line-formula description =“In-line Formulas”end =“tail”?>其中X = L / L <0> SUB>。