公开(公告)号：US08192879B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-05

申请号：US12027042

申请日：2008-02-06

申请人： John P. Salvador ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu ,  Frank X Leo ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

发明人： John P. Salvador ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu ,  Frank X Leo ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04641 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04582 ,  H01M8/04619 ,  H01M8/04992

摘要： An algorithm for determining the maximum net power available from a fuel cell stack as the stack degrades over time using an online adaptive estimation of a polarization curve of the stack. The algorithm separates the current density range of the stack into sample regions, and selects a first sample region from the far left of the estimated polarization curve. The algorithm then calculates the cell voltage for that current density sample region, and determines whether the calculated cell voltage is less than or equal to a predetermined cell voltage limit. If the calculated cell voltage is not less than the cell voltage limit, then the algorithm selects the next sample region along the polarization curve. When the calculated cell voltage does reach the cell voltage limit, then the algorithm uses that current density for the sample region being analyzed to calculate the maximum power of the fuel cell stack.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定当燃料电池堆可用的最大净功率的算法，随着堆栈随着时间的推移而降低，堆叠的极化曲线的在线自适应估计。 该算法将堆叠的电流密度范围分为采样区域，并从估计极化曲线的最左侧选择第一个采样区域。 然后，该算法计算该电流密度采样区域的单元电压，并且确定所计算的单元电压是否小于或等于预定的单元电压限制。 如果计算的电池电压不小于电池电压限制，则算法选择沿着极化曲线的下一个采样区域。 当计算的电池电压达到电池电压极限时，算法使用该分析的样品区域的电流密度来计算燃料电池堆的最大功率。

公开(公告)号：US20120082917A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-05

申请号：US12896981

申请日：2010-10-04

申请人： Puneet K. Sinha ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Scott C. Moose ,  Nalini Subramanian

发明人： Puneet K. Sinha ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Scott C. Moose ,  Nalini Subramanian

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/88 ,  B05D5/12 ,  H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M4/8642 ,  H01M8/04291 ,  H01M8/1004 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： A graded electrode is described. The graded electrode includes a substrate; and at least two electrode layers on the substrate forming a combined electrode layer, a composition of the at least two electrode layers being different, the combined electrode layer having an average level of the property that changes across the substrate. Fuel cells using graded electrodes and methods of making graded electrodes are also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了分级电极。 分级电极包括基板; 以及在所述基板上形成组合电极层的至少两个电极层，所述至少两个电极层的组成不同，所述组合电极层具有在所述基板上变化的性质的平均水平。 还描述了使用分级电极的燃料电池和制造梯度电极的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08088525B2

公开(公告)日：2012-01-03

申请号：US12027070

申请日：2008-02-06

申请人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  John P. Salvador ,  Frank X. Leo ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Brian McMurrough

发明人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  John P. Salvador ,  Frank X. Leo ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Brian McMurrough

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04671 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04582 ,  H01M8/04641 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A system and method for detecting and predicting low performing cells in a fuel cell stack. When the fuel cell stack is running and certain data validity criteria have been met, an algorithm collects the data, such as stack current density, average cell voltage and minimum cell voltage. This information is used to estimate predetermined parameters that define the stack polarization curve. The system defines a predetermined minimum current density that is used to identify a low performing cell. The system then calculates an average cell voltage and a minimum cell voltage at the minimum current density set-point, and calculates a cell voltage difference between the two. If the cell voltage difference is greater than a predetermined low voltage threshold and the minimum cell voltage is less than a predetermined high voltage threshold, the algorithm sets a flag identifying a potential for a low performing cell.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测和预测燃料电池堆中的低效电池的系统和方法。 当燃料电池堆运行并且满足某些数据有效性标准时，算法收集数据，例如堆叠电流密度，平均电池电压和最小电池电压。 该信息用于估计定义堆极化曲线的预定参数。 系统定义了用于识别低执行小区的预定最小电流密度。 然后，系统计算最小电流密度设定点处的平均电池电压和最小电池电压，并计算两者之间的电池电压差。 如果电池电压差大于预定的低电压阈值并且最小电池电压小于预定的高电压阈值，则该算法设置标识低电平电池的电位的标志。

公开(公告)号：US20110143243A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-16

申请号：US12636318

申请日：2009-12-11

申请人： David A. Arthur ,  Dieter Kaimann ,  Thomas W. Tighe ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  John P. Salvador ,  Gary M. Robb ,  Daniel I. Harris ,  Joseph Nicholas Lovria ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Daniel T. Folmsbee

发明人： David A. Arthur ,  Dieter Kaimann ,  Thomas W. Tighe ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  John P. Salvador ,  Gary M. Robb ,  Daniel I. Harris ,  Joseph Nicholas Lovria ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Daniel T. Folmsbee

IPC分类号： H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M8/04303 ,  H01M8/04388 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A method for reducing the probability of an air/hydrogen front in a fuel cell stack is disclosed that includes closing anode valves for an anode side of the fuel cell stack to permit a desired quantity of hydrogen to be left in the anode side upon shutdown and determining a schedule to inject hydrogen during the time the fuel cell stack is shutdown. The pressure on an anode input line is determined and a discrete amount of hydrogen is injected into the anode side of the stack according to the determined schedule by opening anode input line valves based on the determined pressure along the anode input line so as to inject the hydrogen into the anode side of the stack.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于降低燃料电池堆中的空气/氢气前沿的可能性的方法，其包括关闭燃料电池堆的阳极侧的阳极阀，以允许在关闭时在阳极侧留下所需量的氢， 确定在燃料电池堆关闭期间喷射氢的时间表。 确定阳极输入线上的压力，并且基于沿着阳极输入线的确定的压力打开阳极输入线阀，根据确定的时间表，将离散量的氢气注入到堆叠的阳极侧，以便将 氢气进入堆叠的阳极侧。

公开(公告)号：US20110143241A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-16

申请号：US12636343

申请日：2009-12-11

申请人： Thomas W. Tighe ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  Gary M. Robb ,  Abdullah B. Alp ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Joseph Nicholas Lovria

发明人： Thomas W. Tighe ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  Gary M. Robb ,  Abdullah B. Alp ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Joseph Nicholas Lovria

IPC分类号： H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/04231 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04126 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M8/04303 ,  H01M8/04395 ,  H01M8/04455 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04701 ,  H01M8/04746 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04798 ,  H01M8/04955 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02T90/32

摘要： A method for creating an oxygen depleted gas in a fuel cell system, including operating a fuel cell stack at a desired cathode stoichiometry at fuel cell system shutdown to displace a cathode exhaust gas with an oxygen depleted gas. The method further includes closing a cathode flow valve and turning off a compressor to stop the flow of cathode air.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在燃料电池系统中产生贫氧气体的方法，包括在燃料电池系统关闭时以期望的阴极化学计量运行燃料电池堆，以用贫氧气体置换阴极废气。 该方法还包括关闭阴极流量阀并关闭压缩机以阻止阴极空气的流动。

公开(公告)号：US20100035097A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-11

申请号：US12187056

申请日：2008-08-06

申请人： Derek R. Lebzelter ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Frederick T. Wagner

发明人： Derek R. Lebzelter ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Frederick T. Wagner

IPC分类号： H01M8/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04268 ,  H01M8/04365 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04731 ,  Y02E60/50

摘要： A system and method for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell stack quickly, especially at cold stack start-up. The method includes determining whether the fuel cell stack is below a first predetermined temperature threshold, and, if so, starting a cooling fluid flow through the stack and engaging a shorting circuit across the stack to short circuit the stack and cause the stack to operate inefficiently. The method then determines a desired heating rate of the fuel cell stack and calculates a cathode airflow to the fuel cell stack based on the desired heating rate. The method reduces the flow of cathode air to the stack if a minimum cell voltage is below a predetermined minimum cell voltage threshold and disengages the shorting circuit and applies vehicle loads to the stack when the stack temperature reaches a predetermined second temperature threshold.

摘要翻译： 一种用于快速提高燃料电池堆的温度的系统和方法，特别是在冷堆启动时。 该方法包括确定燃料电池堆是否低于第一预定温度阈值，并且如果是，则启动冷却流体流过堆叠并且跨越堆叠接合短路电路以使堆叠短路并且使得堆栈无效地运行 。 该方法然后确定燃料电池堆的期望加热速率，并基于期望的加热速率计算到燃料电池堆的阴极气流。 如果最小电池电压低于预定的最小电池电压阈值，则该方法减少阴极空气流到堆叠的流量，并且当堆叠温度达到预定的第二温度阈值时，将短路电路解除并将车辆负载施加到堆叠。

公开(公告)号：US20090263679A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-22

申请号：US12103939

申请日：2008-04-16

申请人： Gary M. Robb ,  Hubert A. Gasteiger ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  Frederick T. Wagner

发明人： Gary M. Robb ,  Hubert A. Gasteiger ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Paul Taichiang Yu ,  Steven G. Goebel ,  Frederick T. Wagner

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04231 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04955

摘要： Processes to shut down a fuel cell system are described. In one implementation (300), a load (215) is cyclically engaged and disengaged across a fuel cell stack (205) so as to deplete the fuel available to the system's fuel cells (205). Voltage and/or current thresholds may be used to determine when to engage and disengage the load (215) and when to terminate the shutdown operation. In another implementation (500), a variable load (405) is engaged and adjusted so as to deplete the fuel available to the system's fuel cells (205). As before, voltage and/or current thresholds may be used to determine when to adjust the load (405) and when to terminate the shutdown process. In still another implementation, a load (215 or 405) may be periodically engaged and disengaged during some portion of the shutdown process and engaged but adjusted during other portions of the shutdown process.

摘要翻译： 描述关闭燃料电池系统的过程。 在一个实施方案（300）中，负载（215）在燃料电池堆（205）周期性地接合和分离，从而消耗可用于系统燃料电池（205）的燃料。 可以使用电压和/或电流阈值来确定何时接合和解除负载（215）以及何时终止关机操作。 在另一实施方案（500）中，接合和调节可变负载（405）以便耗尽系统燃料电池（205）可用的燃料。 如前所述，可以使用电压和/或电流阈值来确定何时调整负载（405）以及何时终止关机过程。 在另一个实施方案中，在关闭过程的某些部分期间，负载（215或405）可以周期性地接合和分离，并且在关闭过程的其他部分期间被接合但被调整。

公开(公告)号：US20090081496A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US11858974

申请日：2007-09-21

申请人： Gary M. Robb ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

发明人： Gary M. Robb ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04302 ,  H01M8/04388 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/2483

摘要： A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells is provided. An anode supply manifold and an anode exhaust manifold are in fluid communication with the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells. A first valve is in fluid communication with the anode supply manifold and a second valve is in fluid communication with the anode exhaust manifold. A pressure sensor is adapted to measure an anode pressure. In operation, the first valve and the second valve are controlled in response to the anode pressure, thereby militating against an undesired exhausting of an anode supply stream.

摘要翻译： 提供了包括具有多个燃料电池的燃料电池堆的燃料电池系统。 阳极供应歧管和阳极排气歧管与多个燃料电池的阳极流体连通。 第一阀与阳极供应歧管流体连通，第二阀与阳极排气歧管流体连通。 压力传感器适于测量阳极压力。 在操作中，响应于阳极压力来控制第一阀和第二阀，从而阻止阳极供应流的不期望的排气。

公开(公告)号：US20080311437A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US11762845

申请日：2007-06-14

申请人： Jon R. Sienkowski ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Daniel J. Darga ,  John P. Salvador

发明人： Jon R. Sienkowski ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Daniel J. Darga ,  John P. Salvador

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/04302 ,  H01M8/04223 ,  H01M8/04544 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/04761 ,  H01M8/2465 ,  H01M8/2483 ,  H01M8/249 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A fuel cell system is provided having a fuel cell stack including a plurality of fuel cells. The fuel cell system includes an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the plurality of fuel cells, the anode supply manifold adapted to deliver a anode supply stream to the plurality of fuel cells; an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells, the anode exhaust manifold adapted to receive an anode exhaust stream from the plurality of fuel cells; a first valve in fluid communication with the anode supply manifold; and a second valve in fluid communication with the anode exhaust manifold. A method of starting the fuel cell system is also provided. The fuel cell system and method militates against a non-uniform distribution of the anode supply stream to the anodes of the plurality of fuel cells.

摘要翻译： 提供具有燃料电池堆的燃料电池系统，其包括多个燃料电池。 燃料电池系统包括与多个燃料电池流体连通的阳极供应歧管，阳极供应歧管适于将阳极供应流输送到多个燃料电池; 与所述多个燃料电池的阳极流体连通的阳极排气歧管，所述阳极排气歧管适于接收来自所述多个燃料电池的阳极废气流; 与阳极供应歧管流体连通的第一阀; 以及与阳极排气歧管流体连通的第二阀。 还提供了启动燃料电池系统的方法。 燃料电池系统和方法有助于抵抗阳极供应流到多个燃料电池的阳极的不均匀分布。

公开(公告)号：US20080182139A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-31

申请号：US11669898

申请日：2007-01-31

申请人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  John P. Salvador ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Frank Leo ,  Jason R. Kolodziej

发明人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  John P. Salvador ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Frank Leo ,  Jason R. Kolodziej

IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/249 ,  H01M8/04238 ,  H01M8/04305 ,  H01M8/04313 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： An algorithm for determining a polarization curve of a fuel cell stack. When the fuel cell stack is running and certain data validity criteria have been met, the algorithm goes into a data collection mode where it collects stack data, such as stack current density, average cell voltage and minimum cell voltage. When the stack is shut down, the algorithm uses a cell voltage model to solve a least squares problem to estimate predetermined parameters that define the polarization curve. If the estimated parameters satisfy certain termination criteria, then the estimated parameters are stored to be used by a system controller to calculate the polarization curve of the stack.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆的极化曲线的算法。 当燃料电池堆运行并且满足某些数据有效性标准时，算法进入数据收集模式，其中它收集堆栈数据，例如堆栈电流密度，平均电池电压和最小单元电压。 当堆栈关闭时，算法使用单元电压模型来求解最小二乘问题，以估计定义极化曲线的预定参数。 如果估计的参数满足某些终止标准，则估计的参数被存储以供系统控制器使用以计算堆栈的极化曲线。