摘要:
Provided are a conductive endless belt, a method of producing the same, and an image forming apparatus employing the same, the conductive endless belt having both desirable intended belt properties and surface properties, and being producible without known problems in terms of cost and quality. A conductive endless belt 100 is used as a transfer/transport conductive endless belt for a tandem system in which the conductive endless belt is circularly driven by a drive member so as to transport a recording medium held by the belt through electrostatic attraction to four differing image forming bodies, in which the toner images are sequentially transferred onto the recording medium. The conductive endless belt 100 is composed of a belt base 101 having thereon a resin layer 102, the resin layer 102 containing an ultraviolet or electron beam curable resin. The resin layer 102 preferably contains a conductive agent, specifically carbon black.
摘要:
A gas sensor diagnostic method includes the steps of counting the reversal number of times that a target air-fuel ratio for an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to an internal combustion engine reverses from a rich side to a lean side or from the lean side to the rich side through a specific air-fuel ratio defined as a boundary of the rich and lean sides; obtaining a detection signal of a gas sensor at constant time intervals during a diagnosis period between a timing when the count for the reversal number is started and a timing when the reversal number reaches a predetermined number; calculating a moderated signal by applying a moderation calculation using a predetermined moderation coefficient to the obtained detection signal; calculating a deviation between the obtained detection signal and the calculated moderated signal; and determining whether the gas sensor is in an abnormal state or not on the basis of the deviation.
摘要:
A driving method is for a driving apparatus including an electro-mechanical transducer having first and second end surfaces opposite to each other in an expansion/contraction direction, a vibration friction portion mounted to the second end surface of the electro-mechanical transducer, a moving member frictionally coupled to the vibration friction portion, and a vibration transfer member disposed between the second end surface of said electro-mechanical transducer and an end surface of said vibration friction portion, whereby moving the moving member in the expansion/contraction direction of the electro-mechanical transducer. The driving method includes subjecting the electro-mechanical transducer to reciprocating displacement in a sawtooth waveform and transferring the reciprocating displacement of the electro-mechanical transducer to the vibration friction portion through the vibration transfer member, thereby linearly driving the moving member in a predetermined direction.
摘要:
A transmission control system includes an ECU, a throttle actuator, a clutch actuator, and a shift actuator. The throttle actuator adjusts a throttle opening under control of the ECU, the clutch actuator adjusts a state of a clutch under control of the ECU, and the shift actuator changes a gear position of a transmission under control of the ECU. When the transmission is shifted down, a throttle opening is adjusted to a first value and the clutch is disconnected such that a rotational speed of an engine increases. Then, the gear position of the transmission is moved to a lower position by one stage with the clutch being disconnected. After that, the throttle opening is decreased to a second value, and connection of the clutch is started. The second value is set to a value larger than a minimum value.
摘要:
A gas sensor diagnostic method (or apparatus) is arranged to periodically obtain sensor output values of a gas sensor such as an oxygen sensor for an internal combustion engine, and to determine local extreme values from the sensor output values obtained during a period of interruption of fuel supply to the engine. Moreover, the local extreme values are compared with a first predetermined threshold level. When the number of the local extreme values reaches a predetermined first number, a diagnosis is performed to determine whether the gas sensor is in an improper condition or not, in accordance with results of the comparison of the local extreme values with the first threshold level.
摘要:
A maximum current Imax is calculated on the basis of an open-circuit voltage Voc, a lower limit voltage Vcapmin, and an internal resistance Rcap of a capacitor and a first maximum output Wcouttmp1 is calculated on the basis of the maximum current Imax and the lower limit voltage Vcapmin. A second maximum output Wcouttmp2 is calculated on the basis of the open-circuit voltage Voc and an open-circuit lower limit voltage Vocmin. A third maximum output Wcouttmp3 is calculated on the basis of a capacitor voltage Vcap and the lower limit voltage Vcapmin. A smallest value among the calculated three maximum outputs is set as an execution maximum output Wcout of the capacitor. A motor is controlled to be driven in a range of this execution maximum output Wcout.
摘要:
A harness routing structure comprises: a battery case that defines an internal space which houses a battery and an electric appliance on a hybrid motor vehicle, and that is formed of a first member; a reinforcement that is provided in the battery case, and that is formed of a second member having a greater strength than the first member and that reinforces the battery case; and a harness routed at a position along the reinforcement.
摘要:
A color processing method includes outputting, via an image output device, a chart image in which a plurality of images obtained by applying illuminant corrections corresponding to a plurality of different illuminants to images corresponding to a plurality of representative colors are arranged in a predetermined layout, receiving a user's instruction to select one of the illuminant corrections corresponding to one of the plurality of different illuminants based on the output chart image, and setting the selected illuminant correction to be applied to an original image, wherein the plurality of representative colors are memory colors.
摘要:
A liquid container includes a hollow body; a tubular suction port coupled to the hollow body; a first porous member disposed in the hollow body; a second porous member disposed in the suction port and being in contact with the first porous member, the second porous member having a liquid suction capability higher than that of the first porous member, wherein at least one of the first and second porous members has a recess so as to establish an air bubble collector.
摘要:
A correction region of an input gamut is set in accordance with the chroma of a specific color point of the input gamut, and a correction region of an output gamut is set in accordance with the chroma of a specific color point of the output gamut. The output gamut is corrected based on the correction region of the output gamut so that the specific color point of the output gamut is mapped on a point on the lightness axis of a color space, and input color data is corrected so that the specific color point of the input gamut is mapped on a point on the lightness axis of the color space. The corrected color data is mapped into the corrected output gamut, and inverse correction of correction of the output gamut is performed to the mapped color data based on the correction region of the output gamut.