Abstract:
An apparatus for detecting astigmatic axes and measuring refractive powers such as the lens of a human eye. A disc has a first group of slits oriented in one direction and a second group of slits oriented perpendicular thereto. Each slit has a deflecting means with a direction of deflection perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of its slits for measuring the refractive power. The apparatus also has astigmatic axis detecting target means which can be used immediately prior to the refraction so that the refraction on each astigmatic axis can be measured before conditions change in the eye.
Abstract:
In an electro-optical light shutter device using a solid-solution ceramic material for alternate transmission and interception of light, a first voltage is applied to the solid-solution ceramic material in the operating (open) position of the shutter, and a second voltage of polarity opposite to that of the first voltage and having an absolute value smaller than that of the first voltage is applied to the solid-solution ceramic material in the non-operating (closed) position of the shutter. The solid-solution ceramic material has a composition in which a ferroelectric phase and a non-ferroelectric phase adjoin each other through a morphotropic phase boundary.
Abstract:
Apparatus capable of tridimensionally measuring the distance between two arbitrary points on the surface of a sample is disclosed. In apparatus wherein the surface of the sample to be observed is scanned with an energized beam, wherein a secondary radiation emitted from the sample is detected and wherein a sample image is displayed by making the detected signal a video signal, two sample images obtained by changing-over the incident angle of the beam on the sample surface are displayed, whereby the stereoscopic viewing of the sample surface is enabled. In this invention, there is added means for superposing and displaying marks at two positions of both the sample images as correspond to two arbitrary points on the sample surface and for automatically calculating the tridimensional distance between the two points on the sample surface on the basis of positioning signals of the marks.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing large ferroelectric crystals having desirable uniform characteristics throughout the crystal from heterogeneous ferroelectric crystals in which only natural faces having the lowest surface energy are allowed to grow while preventing other faces from growing, or the heterogeneous ferroelectric crystals are subjected to a heat treatment so that the entire crystal comes to have the desirable characteristics.
Abstract:
In an optometric apparatus of the present invention, optometric apparatus bodies 5l and 5r independently driven in right-and-left and up-and-down directions for optometry of an examinee 4, respectively, are provided on both sides of a face receiving device 6.
Abstract:
A vane pump is composed of a casing having a cylindrical inner bore and a rotor disposed in the inner bore with an eccentric relation to the inner bore. A circular pump chamber formed between the rotor and the inner bore is divided by vanes disposed in the rotor into plural pump chambers each changing its capacity according to rotation of the rotor. The vane is slidably disposed in a groove formed in the rotor in a slanted relation with respect to a rotational axis of the rotor. When the rotor rotates, the vane is pushed backward of the rotational direction by fluid in the pump chamber. The pushing force includes a component for pushing the vane upward toward an upper plate closing an upper opening of the inner bore. The vane is pushed against the upper plate to thereby prevent hitting noises between the vane and the upper plate.
Abstract:
A detector for detecting evaporated fuel leakage from a fuel tank is connected to the fuel tank through a canister for absorbing evaporated fuel. When an engine is not in operation, air in the fuel tank is sucked by a pump installed in the detector. If the pressure in the fuel tank decreases to a predetermined level, it is determined that the evaporated fuel leakage is within a permissible range. An orifice passage, formed in the detector, connecting a tank passage to a sensor passage communicating with a sensor chamber where a pressure sensor is disposed is slanted relative to the tank passage to shorten the passage distance up to the pressure sensor. Further, the orifice passage is connected to the sensor passage at an obtuse angle to reduce a pressure loss in the passages. Thus, the leakage of the evaporated fuel is surely detected while making the detector compact.
Abstract:
A vane pump is composed of a casing having a cylindrical inner bore and a rotor disposed in the inner bore with an eccentric relation to the inner bore. A circular pump chamber formed between the rotor and the inner bore is divided by vanes disposed in the rotor into plural pump chambers each changing its capacity according to rotation of the rotor. The vane is slidably disposed in a groove formed in the rotor in a slanted relation with respect to a rotational axis of the rotor. When the rotor rotates, the vane is pushed backward of the rotational direction by fluid in the pump chamber. The pushing force includes a component for pushing the vane upward toward an upper plate closing an upper opening of the inner bore. The vane is pushed against the upper plate to thereby prevent hitting noises between the vane and the upper plate.
Abstract:
An observation apparatus capable of preferably removing an astigmatism and chromatic aberration which occur in an observation image is provided. An apex angle of a contact prism is inputted by operating an apex angle setting knob of a control panel. A fitting angle of the contact prism is inputted by operating a fitting angle setting knob. A control unit determines the amount of correction for astigmatism of a left observation optical system and the amount of correction for astigmatism of a right observation optical system based on a recognized observation magnification and the inputted apex angle. An axial angle for the astigmatism of the left observation optical system and an axial angle for the astigmatism of the right observation optical system are determined based on the inputted fitting angle. Variable cross cylinder lens rotating drive units are controlled to rotate cylinder lenses of each of the right and left observation optical systems, thereby obtaining the determined axial angle and the determined amount of correction.
Abstract:
In an optometric apparatus of the present invention, optometric apparatus bodies 5l and 5r independently driven in right-and-left and up-and-down directions for optometry of an examinee 4, respectively, are provided on both sides of a face receiving device 6.