摘要:
The invention provides a semiconductor device capable of suppressing a short channel effect and fluctuation in a threshold. The semiconductor device includes: a plurality of first transistors formed in a first region in a semiconductor layer in a multilayer substrate having, on a semiconductor substrate, an insulating layer and the semiconductor layer in order from the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of second transistors formed in a second region in the semiconductor layer; a first impurity layer formed in a region opposed to the first region in the semiconductor substrate; a second impurity layer formed in a region opposed to the second region in the semiconductor substrate; and a first isolation part that isolates the first and second regions from each other and electrically isolates the first and second impurity layers from each other to a degree that at least current flowing between the first and second impurity layers is interrupted.
摘要:
A cooling system of the invention used to cool down a battery switches over an effective air blow mode between an inside air intake mode of taking in the inside air (the air in a passenger compartment) and directly blowing the intake air to the battery and an A/C intake mode of taking in the air cooled down by an air conditioner and blowing the cooled intake air to the battery. Upon the requirement for accelerated cooling of the battery (requirement for the A/C intake mode), the cooling system estimates a battery cooling power W1 in the inside air intake mode based on an inside temperature Tin and a vehicle speed V (drive-related noise), while estimating a battery cooling power W2 in the A/C intake mode based on an air conditioner outlet temperature Tac, the vehicle speed V, and an A/C air volume Qac as an air volume required for the air conditioner (steps S140 to S170). The cooling mode having the greater estimated battery cooling power is then selected as the effective air blow mode.
摘要:
Calculation of an offset value is permitted when a current value detected by an ammeter of a magnetic flux detection type is switched from a negative value to a positive value, or from a positive value to a negative value, and also a state where an absolute value of the current value is with in a predetermined range is continued for a predetermined time. When calculation of the offset value is permitted, the fact that an ignition switch is turned OFF is detected, and the current value detected by the ammeter is calculated as the offset value.
摘要:
An idle rotation speed Nidl of an engine is set to increase with an increase in actual vehicle speed V and with an increase in measured temperature Tb of a battery (step S160). The drive control of the invention controls the engine and two motors to idle the engine at the preset idle rotation speed Nidl and to ensure output of a required power corresponding to a torque demand Tr* to a drive shaft within a range between an input limit Win and an output limit Wout of the battery (steps S190 to S230). Such control enables the engine to have a high following capability and promptly change its output power level in response to a change in power demand P*, which is accompanied by an abrupt variation in torque demand Tr*. The technique of the invention thus desirably reduces the required level of charging or discharging of the battery, which is triggered by a response delay of the engine.
摘要:
An idle rotation speed Nid1 of an engine is set to increase with an increase in actual vehicle speed V and with an increase in measured temperature Tb of a battery (step S160). The drive control of the invention controls the engine and two motors to idle the engine at the preset idle rotation speed Nid1 and to ensure output of a required power corresponding to a torque demand Tr* to a drive shaft within a range between an input limit Win and an output limit Wout of the battery (steps S190 to S230). Such control enables the engine to have a high following capability and promptly change its output power level in response to a change in power demand P*, which is accompanied by an abrupt variation in torque demand Tr*. The technique of the invention thus desirably reduces the required level of charging or discharging of the battery, which is triggered by a response delay of the engine.
摘要:
A vehicle which uses an internal combustion engine and a motor generator as drive sources is provided with a battery disposed under a seat and a fan for cooling the battery. Power is exchanged between the motor generator and battery via an inverter. An electronic control unit estimates the level of background noise which is noise other than the operating sound of the fan in the passenger compartment based on the vehicle speed and rotation speed, etc., of the internal combustion engine. Then, the electronic control unit calculates an operation command value for the fan based on the estimated background noise level and temperature level of the battery and controls the rotation speed of the fan through the operation command value. As a result, it is possible to effectively cool the battery while reducing sensible noise caused by the operating sound of the fan.
摘要:
In a gas phase olefin polymerization process using a fluidized bed vessel, an apparatus is employed having a device for measuring temperature or temperature distribution on the external wall surface of the vessel and a controlling means which predicts the progressive state of reaction inside the vessel, calculates the difference between the measured value and a target value determined beforehand and modifies polymerization conditions in relation thereto.
摘要:
In a gas phase olefin polymerization process using a fluidized bed vessel, an apparatus is employed having a device for measuring temperature or temperature distribution on the external wall surface of the vessel and a controlling means which predicts the progressive state of reaction inside the vessel, calculates the difference between the measured value and a target value determined beforehand an modifies polymerization conditions.
摘要:
A method of multistage gas phase polymerization is provided comprising performing polymerization of a feed gas mixture at least containing ethylene gas, an &agr;-olefin gas and hydrogen gas in an upstream fluid bed reactor to thereby produce a polymer powder, recovering the thus-produced polymer powder and performing further polymerization of the polymer powder in a downstream fluid bed reactor, the downstream fluid bed reactor being continuously connected to the upstream fluid bed reactor so that the polymer powder recovered from the upstream fluid bed reactor is introduced into the downstream fluid bed reactor, which method comprises the steps of: recovering polymer powder from the upstream fluid bed reactor, treating the recovered polymer powder so as to lower the content of &agr;-olefin gas and hydrogen gas therein by contacting the polymer powder with a stream of gas comprising ethylene or an inert gas, and introducing the treated polymer powder into the downstream fluid bed reactor. By this method, &agr;-olefin gas and hydrogen gas which inhibit the polymerization reaction in the downstream fluid bed reactor and which render regulation of desired polymer product properties difficult are removed from the polymer product prior to the downstream fluid bed reactor.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a plant growth medium obtained by forming a mixture of a conventional powdery plant culture medium and a gel-formable material into a sheet and then solidifying the sheet or by forming a mixture of such a conventional culture medium, a gel-formable material and a water-holding material into a sheet, granules, pellets, tablets or powder and then solidifying the thus-formed mixture. By simply adding water to the plant growth medium and reconstituting same, the plant growth medium can be used for the germination, growth, transplantation, cutting and the like of a plant.