Abstract:
A low-, medium-, or high-voltage voltage switchgear with a circuit breaker or circuit breakers is disclosed which can switch electrical equipment. To protect the switchgear, and the circuit breakers in the switchgear against so called spot welding under vacuum atmosphere, such as during a closing operation of a switchgear used, for example, for switching capacitive or inductive equipment or inductive or capacitive current network an inrush current limiter is placed electrically in line or in series with the current path of the circuit breaker.
Abstract:
An outdoor enclosure for housing power distribution equipment is disclosed herein. The outdoor enclosure includes improved means for evacuating arc flash gases from inside the enclosure to the atmosphere, comprising an expansion chamber and improved chimney. The chimney includes a chimney base and chimney capping structure arrangement designed to allow for the safe ventilation of arc fault gases to the atmosphere, while maintaining weather-proof characteristics.
Abstract:
A method to determine the magnitude MA of a signal component with frequency ωA from a set of N digital samples of an input signal acquired at a sampling rate R, said input signal having a discrete spectral representation having n bins with frequencies ω1, . . . , ωn and corresponding magnitudes M1, . . . , Mn, the spectral representation being derivable from the input signal using a transform, involving choosing an extraction bin with index k∈[1, . . . , n] and frequency ωk≠ωA from the spectral representation; determining a magnitude Mk of this extraction bin determining an allocation factor indicating a portion Mks of a sinusoidal signal with frequency ωA and unity magnitude that is allocated to the extraction bin when the transform is applied to the sinusoidal signal to generate a spectral representation out of the sinusoidal signal; and determining the magnitude MA of the signal component from the magnitude Mk of the bin in combination with the factor.
Abstract:
A method for robotic adaptive production includes modifying program instructions online while performing production activities in response to detecting a change in the production environment. A robotic adaptive production method includes modifying program instructions online while performing production activities to minimize a production task cycle time or improve a production task quality. A robotic adaptive production method includes estimating a relationship between a control parameter and a sensor input; and modifying the control parameter online to achieve an updated parameter based on the estimating. A robotic adaptive production method includes receiving sensor input relating to robotic performance during the performance of production tasks and online optimizing a process parameter based on robotic performance during the performance of the production tasks. A robotic adaptive production method includes determining the position and/or orientation of a feature based on a learned position and/or orientation of another feature and on a geometric relationship.
Abstract:
An exemplary method for detecting a three-phase islanding state in a three-phase electricity network includes supplying power to a three-phase electricity network via a power supply assembly, controlling an output frequency of the power supply assembly with a frequency reference signal adapted to deviate the output frequency of the power supply assembly from a grid frequency representing a frequency of a common electricity network whose portion of the three-phase electricity network is in normal operating conditions. The method also includes detecting a three-phase islanding state in the electricity network if the output frequency of the power supply assembly is outside an allowable value range. During a normal operating state of the electricity network, the frequency reference signal depends on an active output current of the power supply assembly.
Abstract:
A device is disclosed for detecting an islanding condition in an electricity distribution network, by receiving a signal of the electricity distribution network, and determining an islanding condition based on the received signal. The device determines a voltage total harmonic distortion change parameter for each phase component in the received signal, determines a voltage unbalance change parameter in the received signal, compares each of the voltage total harmonic distortion change parameters and the voltage unbalance change parameter to respective triggering conditions, and concludes an islanding condition to have been detected when the voltage total harmonic distortion change parameter for each phase component of the signal and the voltage unbalance change parameter fulfill their respective triggering conditions.
Abstract:
A shielding element is disclosed for use in medium voltage switchgears with vacuum interrupters with at least two contacts, which are movable along a switching path between closed and open contact positions, wherein the shielding element is positioned around the contact position region in the vacuum interrupter, wherein at least the inner surface of the shielding is applied with an implemented surface structure to form a topographic structure which is a rough or a structured surface. To enhance the energy absorbance behavior of the shielding, the implemented topographic structure can be formed such that by given constant or approximately constant volume (Vi) of the shielding body, the surface ratio of the treated surface (S2) with implemented surface structure and volume V2, and a untreated surface (S1) without topographic structure and volume V1 is greater than 1, so that this follows the condition: V1˜V2 and S2/S1>1.
Abstract:
An auxiliary compartment for housing at least one electrical device is associated with an auxiliary cubicle of a switchgear enclosure. The auxiliary compartment is removably mounted in the corresponding auxiliary cubicle for quick disconnection of the electrical device from an associated circuit breaker in an adjacent circuit breaker cubicle. The auxiliary compartment includes a first connection connected to the electrical device. The auxiliary cubicle includes a second connector attached to the auxiliary compartment rear wall that is removably engageable with the first connector. The second connector is connected with the circuit breaker in the adjacent circuit breaker cubicle. The electrical device in the auxiliary compartment can be quickly disconnected from the power and communication connections with the circuit breaker in the adjacent circuit breaker cubicle by withdrawing the auxiliary compartment from the auxiliary cubicle to disconnect the first and second connectors.
Abstract:
According to one aspect of the teachings herein, a controller communicatively couples to and advantageously exploits a distributed control network of an industrial plant by, for example, using information received over the distributed control network to predict the value of one or more electrical parameters of an electrical distribution grid of the industrial plant, and to generate and transmit converter control commands based on the predicted value(s). These converter control commands target one or more converters located within the electrical distribution grid, each converter having an Active Front End or AFE that allows the reactive power consumption of the converter to be adjusted via the converter control commands.