Abstract:
Disclosed are color management architectures used in video projection systems including, for example, retarder stacks sensitive to the symmetries between input and output polarizer configurations that provide the polarization transformations that will comprise for skew rays, such that normal incidence performance is maintained for all incident light. Additionally, also disclosed are systems that utilize color selective polarization (CSP) filters and polarizing beam splitting elements such that an output analyzer is not required. One exemplary CSP architecture includes two CSPs, a single polarizing beam splitting element combination for splitting and combining light between two of the three panels, and an output polarizing beam splitting element used as an analyzer such that a single CSP is in the projection path. In all such architectures, an output CSP and clean up polarizer directly in line with the projection optics need not be included, thereby increasing transmission, improving imaging crispness, and reducing cost.
Abstract:
A film welding apparatus is provided for solvent welding a first film to a second film. The apparatus has a movable backing surface adapted to support the first film, a pressing roller adapted to press the second film against the first film, and a solvent dispenser adapted to dispense a solvent between the first and second films.
Abstract:
A system for separating light into different spectrums and for recombining the light includes at least one polarizing beamsplitter and at least one retarder stack configured to condition the polarization of input light differently for different spectrums. A device embodying the invention could utilize multiple polarizing beamsplitters and multiple retarder stacks. Alternatively, a system could utilize a single polarizing beamsplitter and a single retarder stack in combination with one or more dichroic beamsplitters. In preferred embodiments, one or more reflective modulator panels are included to separately modulate each separated spectrum of light. Such an embodiment can be used for a color projection system. In each of the embodiments that utilize modulators, distances between the modulators and the focusing optics is essentially the same.
Abstract:
This invention provides a liquid crystal achromatic rotator switch, and an achromatic shutter using the rotator switch. The rotator switch requires input light of a fixed orientation and switches between rotating the polarization by zero degrees and by a fixed angle, .beta.. The achromatic shutter uses an achromatic 90-degree rotator switch positioned between a pair of polarizers. A first embodiment of the rotator switch comprises one rotatable liquid crystal half-wave retarder in series with one passive half-wave retarder. The liquid crystal retarder has fixed retardance and is driven between two orientations for off- and on-states. A second embodiment of the rotator switch utilizes two variable birefringence liquid crystal cells. The variable birefringence cells having fixed orientation and variable retardance. In the off-state both retarders have zero retardance and in the on-state they have half-wave retardance.
Abstract:
This invention provides achromatic compound retarders, achromatic polarization switches, and achromatic shutters using the liquid crystal compound retarders. It further provides achromatic variable retardance smectic liquid crystal retarders. The achromatic compound retarder of this invention comprises a central liquid crystal retarder unit and two outer retarders positioned in series with and on either side of the liquid crystal retarder unit. The liquid crystal retarder unit comprises either (1) a rotatable smectic liquid crystal half-wave retarder or (2) first and second liquid crystal variable retarders having retardance switchable between zero and half-wave. The outer retarders have substantially the same retardance and orientation. Design equations determine the retardance of the outer retarders and their orientation relative to the central retarder to obtain a particular achromatic retardance for the compound structure.
Abstract:
A retarder stack for transforming at least partially polarized light includes a first retarder and a second retarder. The first retarder has a first retardance and a first orientation and the second retarder has a second retardance and a second orientation both orientations with respect to the partially polarized light. The first retardance, first orientation, second retardance, and second orientation can be arranged to yield the desired polarization transformed light which includes a first spectrum and a second spectrum. The polarization of the first spectrum and the polarization of the second spectrum can be made orthogonal to each other. The polarizations can be linear or elliptical. If the polarization transformed light is linear, the directions of polarizations are different and in one case can be made perpendicular. If the polarization of the polarization transformed light is elliptical, then the polarizations are different and in on case can be made orthogonal in the general sense of orthogonality of polarization states.
Abstract:
This invention provides split-element liquid crystal polarization interference filters in wide-field, bandpass, cut-on, cut-off and notch filter embodiments. The split-element filters of this invention comprise a polarization interference stage defined by a pair of polarizers. Disposed within the stage are a center retarder, and first and a second split-element retarder, the split-element retarders having equal retardances and positioned in series with and on either side of the center retarder. The retarders can be liquid crystal variable retarders or can be fixed retarders used in combination with liquid crystal retarders. Double split-element filters in passive and tunable embodiments are provided comprising, within a polarization interference stage, a center retarder, an inside pair of split-element retarders and an outside pair of split-element retarders.
Abstract:
Discretely and continuously tunable single and multiple-stage polarization interference filters employing chiral smectic liquid crystal cells as electronically rotatable retarders are provided. Discretely tunable filters of this invention include those which employ bistable surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells. Continuously tunable filters of this invention include those that employ chiral smectic A ferroelectric liquid crystal cells. Single stage filters include fixed birefringent elements in combination with chiral smectic liquid crystal cells and multiple stage filters can include only chiral smectic liquid crystal cells or can include chiral smectic liquid crystal cells in combination with fixed birefringent elements. Blocking filters useful for color generation and color displays are also provided. The FLC filters provided can be temporally multiplexed.
Abstract:
A liquid-crystal based color switch for use with an image sensor having sub-diffraction-limited (SDL) pixels. The color switch may switch between a first mode where green light is passed (and blue and red light is blocked) and a second mode where blue and red light is passed (and green light is blocked). The color switch may include an achromatic switch (such as a liquid crystal switch) and retarder stack filter that are both sandwiched between a first and a second polarizer. The SDL pixels may be distributed so that green subpixels are never adjacent to other green subpixels in the same row or column, so that red subpixels are always adjacent to green subpixels in the same row or column, and so that blue subpixels are always adjacent to green subpixels in the same row or column.
Abstract:
Used herein are two or more switchable variable birefringence liquid crystal devices, in combination with a passive retarder, to produce a device that switches between two retardation values. The device preserves the normal-incidence retardation in each of two voltage states over a broad range of incidence angles using a novel self-compensation scheme. According to one embodiment of this design, the retardation in the thickness direction remains zero in both the unenergized and fully energized states.