摘要:
Calibration systems and techniques for analog phase-lock loops (PLLs) providing the capability to dynamically maintain a constant damping factor. Damping factor is calibrated by automatically setting a reference bias current I.sub.r to the PLL's charge pump such that the charge current I.sub.c output therefrom maintains the desired PLL damping characteristic. The technique presented involves selecting a known first frequency F.sub.1 and allowing the PLL circuit to reach steady state, after which a known second frequency F.sub.2 is applied and the PLL circuit is monitored to determine whether steady state at this second frequency F.sub.2 is accomplished within a predetermined target time T.sub.x, which corresponds to the desired damping factor. The determination of whether lock occurs within the target time T.sub.x is then employed to automatically set the reference current I.sub.r.
摘要:
Calibration systems and techniques for phase-locked loops (PLLs) provide precise setting of the center frequency and/or uniform voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) gain characteristics. Center frequency is calibrated by imposing a selected center frequency at the output of the PLL and driving the control voltage V.sub.c across the PLL's filter to a predefined, steady state voltage indicative of PLL circuit calibration. The approach can be employed to calibrate any imposed VCO frequency output. VCO gain calibration is accomplished by employing the center frequency calibration technique only with a low frequency point imposed on the VCO output. A high frequency point on the transfer function is calibrated by applying a known voltage across the filter and driving the VCO output to a corresponding calibration frequency. Once a low frequency point and a high frequency point are calibrated, the slope of the VCO transfer function is defined. Various integrated PLL/calibration system embodiments are presented.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a scanner for scanning a plurality of document so that n images corresponding to the documents are obtained, n being an integer greater than 2, an image generating means for successively generating m number images different from each other, m being an integer greater than 2, an image composition circuit for combining an i-th image (i=1, 2 , . . . , and n) obtained by the scanner and a j-th number image (j=1, 2 , . . . , and m) with each other so as to output a composite image I.sub.ij, a printing mechanism for printing the composite image I.sub.ij on a recording sheet, and an output unit for outputting the recording sheet having the composite image I.sub.ij formed thereon.
摘要:
A container holder capable of holding various containers, such as bottles and cans, comprises a deformable container-holding member made from a plastic material, a holding frame, and an adapter plate. The central portion of the holding member is divided into several tongues, and a central hole surrouded by these tongues is formed. The holding member is sandwiched between the adapter plate and the holding frame. Depending on the kind of the container held by this holder, the adapter plate is replaced with another adapter plate. Also disclosed is a container carrier in which container holders as described above are detachably mounted. An apparatus for handling containers using this container holder comprises mechanisms for performing these handling operations and conveying the container carrier between stations for the handling operations while the containers are received in the container holder. Equipment for warming or cooling containers received in said container carrier comprises mechanisms for repeatedly turning the carrier upside down.
摘要:
An improved washing device in washing a sealing portion of an apparatus for sealing a container such as a bottle includes a washing cap adapted to be detachably mounted to a bottom of a sealing plunger of the sealing apparatus, and a washing liquid circulating device for circulating a washing liquid to portions of the sealing plunger to be washed by the intermediary of the washing cap.
摘要:
A complementary pair of top and bottom rolls for the initial breakdown step of a skelp in the manufacture of welded tubular products by rolling. The bottom roll has a convex midportion, a pair of concave end portions, and a pair of straight border portions each lying between the midportion and one of the concave end portions. The top roll is shaped in complementary relation to the bottom roll to define therebetween a path for the skelp. The breakdown roll pair of the above configuration makes it possible to curl the opposite edge portions of the skelp into arcs of a desired radius without the usual defects of rolling, and in such a way that the skelp can be subsequently rounded and have its edges welded together into a tube of minimal out-of-roundness.
摘要:
An apparatus for extracting the pulp from citrus fruits for the preparation of a fruit drink containing separate juice vesicles or sacs of the pulp comprises a plurality of clamps mounted on the periphery of a rotary drum to hold the halves of the fruits each divided into two across the core, with the cut surfaces exposed, a rotating shaft located opposite to one of the clamps in gripping position and substantially aligned to the core of each clamped half of the fruits for rotation about the common axis, and a nozzle having an opening provided radially with respect to the core of each halved fruit and attached to the end of the rotating shaft, whereby the pulp in the form of separate juice sacs is forced out of the halves by a jet of fluid from the nozzle.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a transfer belt, a plurality of endless rotational bodies, an image forming device, a pattern sensor, and processing circuitry. The image forming device forms correction patterns including a first pattern as a straight line pattern orthogonal to a conveyance direction of the correction patterns and a second pattern as one of a straight line pattern orthogonal to and an oblique line pattern inclined with respect to the conveyance direction. The processing circuitry causes the image forming device to form the correction patterns using a correction value such that the second pattern included in one correction pattern on the transfer belt is same in color and shape as the second pattern included in at least one correction pattern of a preceding correction pattern and a following correction pattern in the conveyance direction with respect to the one correction pattern.
摘要:
A rotary-type filling machine includes a rotary body, a liquid distribution chamber, a plurality of filling flow path configuration units, each of which has a fluid path constituted by a liquid path connected to the liquid distribution chamber and a liquid valve and configured to individually introduce a liquid into a container, a filling control device, a liquid supply unit, a pressure difference information detection unit configured to detect pressure difference information between a liquid distribution chamber pressure, which is a pressure of the liquid in the liquid distribution chamber, and a filling atmospheric pressure detected as a pressure of a flow release unit in a filling flow path configuration unit at an arbitrary radial direction position of the rotary body, and a rotation information detection unit configured to detect rotation information of the rotary body.